scholarly journals Children's Willingness to Try New Foods: Associations With Diet Quality and Body Mass Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Farah Behbehani ◽  
Kristen Hurley ◽  
Maureen M Black
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Childcare Centers ◽  
Novel Foods

Abstract Objectives To examine how children's willingness to try new foods (WTNF) is related to diet quality and body mass index. Methods Participants included children (n = 402), ages 3–5 y, recruited from childcare centers participating in baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate strategies to promote the development of healthy eating behaviors. Children's intake of fruit, vegetables, sweets, and salty snacks was measured through a short food frequency questionnaire administered to parents and a diet quality score (DQS) was generated. Children's height and weight were measured, and body mass index z-scores (BMIz) was calculate using CDC criteria. Children's WTNF was assessed by offering 6 novel and 3 familiar foods during a food tasting activity administered in the childcare center. Poisson regressions were used to examine the association between children's WTNF (dichotomized as high: tried ≥ 3 novel foods vs. low: tried < 3 novel foods) and children's weekly intake of each food group. An ordinal regression was used to examine the association between children's WTNF and DQS. Linear regressions were used to examine the association between children's WTNF and BMIz. All analyses were adjusted for child sex, age, race, and household income, parent BMI was also adjusted in models including child BMI. In all models, standard errors were adjusted for clustering within childcare centers, the unit of randomization. Results Children who demonstrated high WTNF consumed 1.24 (95% CI: 1.11–1.38) times more servings of vegetables per week, and had a 1.53 (95% CI: 1.03–2.26) greater odds of having a higher diet quality score compared to children who demonstrated low WTNF. Children's WTNF was not significantly associated with children's intake of fruits, salty snacks, or sweets, or related to their BMIz. Conclusions Diet quality is compromised by children's lower WTNF. Future studies are needed to investigate strategies that promote children's WTNF such as vegetables, and examine whether the relation between low willingness to try new foods and poor diet quality influences child weight outcomes prospectively across childhood. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

scholarly journals Parental Feeding Behaviors Associated with Children's Willingness to Try New Foods and Body Mass Index (BMI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 941-941
Author(s):  
Farah Behbehani ◽  
Kristen Hurley ◽  
Maureen M Black
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Childcare Centers ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Childcare Center

Abstract Objectives To examine associations between parental feeding behaviors and preschool children's willingness to try new foods (WTNF) and body mass index (BMI). Methods This study used baseline data collected from parents and children in childcare centers. Parents completed the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ). We measured children's height and weight, calculated BMI z-scores (BMIz) and percentiles (%ile) using CDC criteria, and assessed WTNF by offering 6 novel and 3 familiar foods. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the goodness of fit of the 8-subscales (child control, emotion regulation, involvement, modeling, monitoring, pressure to eat, restriction for health, and restriction for weight control) from the CFPQ. Logistic regressions was employed to examine the association between parents’ CFPQ scores and children's WTNF (dichotomized as high: tried ≥3 novel foods vs. low: tried <3 novel foods), and linear regressions to examine the association between parents’ CFPQ scores and child BMI, adjusting for child sex, age, race, full-time childcare center attendance [≥40 hours/week (hrs/wk)], and household income. Results The sample included 407 children (aged 48.2 ± 0.4 months) and their primary caregiver from 51 childcare centers. Majority of children were Caucasian (64%) and spent at least 40 hrs/wk at the childcare center (69%); 24% had BMI ≥85th %ile with mean BMIz of 0.36 (SD = 1.05). After dropping 3-items from the CFPQ due to low factor loadings (<0.4, n = 2) or theory (n = 1), the original 8-subscale structure demonstrated good model fit (RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.97, and SRMR = 0.07). Children of parents with elevated scores on the restriction for weight subscale had 1.53 (95% CI: 1.08–2.16) greater odds of high WTNF and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.30–0.63) increase in BMIz, compared to children of parents with low subscale scores. Conclusions Children of parents who restrict foods in an attempt to control their child's weight are more likely to try new foods in a childcare setting without parents present, and are likely to be heavier. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the direction of the associations and how they relate to maternal and child characteristics (e.g., perceived or real child weight and eating behaviors). Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

scholarly journals Associations between eating behaviors, diet quality and body mass index among adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 101339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Lawless ◽  
Lenka H. Shriver ◽  
Laurie Wideman ◽  
Jessica M. Dollar ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors

scholarly journals Childcare Staff Feeding Practices Associations With Children's Willingness to Try New Foods

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 717-717
Author(s):  
Farah Behbehani ◽  
Kristen Hurley ◽  
Maureen M Black
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Childcare Center ◽  
Healthy Eating Behaviors

Abstract Objectives To examine the associations between childcare staff feeding practices and preschool children's willingness to try new foods (WTNF). Methods Participants included children (n = 460), ages 3–5 years, and childcare staff (n = 91) recruited from childcare centers in Maryland participating in baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate strategies to promote the development of healthy eating behaviors. Staff feeding practices were measured using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) adapted to the childcare setting. Children's WTNF was evaluated by offering 6 novel and 3 familiar foods during a food tasting activity administered in the childcare center. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were used to evaluate the factor structure of the adapted version of the CFPQ, and to identify modified factor structures. Logistic regressions assessed the association between childcare staff feeding practices (i.e., average staff feeding factor scores in a classroom) and children's WTNF (dichotomized as high: tried ≥ 3 novel foods vs. low: tried < 3 novel foods), adjusting for child sex and age and clustering in the childcare center. Results A revised 7-factor, 32-item model, including indulgent, restriction for health, monitoring, pressure, environment, healthy eating guidance, and encourage balance and variety, was identified to assess childcare staff feeding practices. Children under the care of staff members who reported more frequent use of indulgent feeding practices in the classroom had 2.13 (95% CI: 1.04 - 4.37) greater odds of demonstrating high WTNF compared to children under the care of staff members who reported lower use of this feeding practice, with no associations among other feeding practices. Conclusions Childcare staff use of food to regulate children's behaviors and/or emotions (i.e., indulgent feeding) was related to children's greater willingness to try new foods in childcare settings. Understanding the mechanisms underlying childcare staff-child feeding can inform interventions to promote healthy eating behaviors among young children. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the direction of effect between staff's indulgent feeding practices and children's willingness to try new foods. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Diet quality, dietary inflammatory index and body mass index as predictors of response to adjunctive N-acetylcysteine and mitochondrial agents in adults with bipolar disorder: A sub-study of a randomised placebo-controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie M Ashton ◽  
Olivia M Dean ◽  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
Mohammadreza Mohebbi ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Predictors Of Response

Aims: We aimed to explore the relationships between diet quality, dietary inflammatory potential or body mass index and outcomes of a clinical trial of nutraceutical treatment for bipolar depression. Methods: This is a sub-study of a randomised controlled trial of participants with bipolar depression who provided dietary intake data ( n = 133). Participants received 16 weeks adjunctive treatment of either placebo or N-acetylcysteine-alone or a combination of mitochondrial-enhancing nutraceuticals including N-acetylcysteine (combination treatment). Participants were followed up 4 weeks post-treatment discontinuation (Week 20). Diet was assessed by the Cancer Council Victoria Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies, Version 2, converted into an Australian Recommended Food Score to measure diet quality, and energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index score to measure inflammatory potential of diet. Body mass index was also measured. Generalised estimating equation models were used to assess whether diet quality, energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index score and/or body mass index were predictors of response to significant outcomes of the primary trial: depression symptoms, clinician-rated improvement and functioning measures. Results: In participants taking combination treatment compared to placebo, change in depression scores was not predicted by Australian Recommended Food Score, dietary inflammatory index or body mass index scores. However, participants with better diet quality (Australian Recommended Food Score) reported reduced general depression and bipolar depression symptoms ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively) and greater clinician-rated improvement ( p = 0.02) irrespective of treatment and time. Participants who had a more anti-inflammatory dietary inflammatory index had less impairment in functioning ( p = 0.01). Combination treatment may attenuate the adverse effects of pro-inflammatory diet ( p = 0.03) on functioning. Participants with lower body mass index who received combination treatment ( p = 0.02) or N-acetylcysteine ( p = 0.02) showed greater clinician-rated improvement. Conclusion: These data support a possible association between diet (quality and inflammatory potential), body mass index and response to treatment for bipolar depression in the context of a nutraceutical trial. The results should be interpreted cautiously because of limitations, including numerous null findings, modest sample size and being secondary analyses.

scholarly journals The Interplay Between Diet Quality and Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index on Glycemic Parameters in Pregnancy: A Comparison of Various Diet Quality Scores (OR35-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lindsay ◽  
Claudia Buss ◽  
Sonja Entringer ◽  
Pathik Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives Nutrition in pregnancy plays an important role in maintaining glycemic control but there is no consensus on how to characterize maternal diet quality with respect to glycemic outcomes. The objective of this study is to compare the associations between 4 indices of diet quality with biomarkers of glycemic control (insulin, homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) in pregnancy, and to determine whether associations vary as a function of pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI). Methods In a prospective longitudinal study of N = 220 pregnant women, dietary intakes were assessed at 3 time points across gestation by 3 × 24h-diet recalls per assessment, from which 4 validated diet quality scores were derived: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Alternative Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Fasting blood samples collected at each assessment were assayed for insulin and glucose and HOMA-IR was computed. pBMI was computed from self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and measured height. Linear regression models predicting mean pregnancy values of insulin and HOMA-IR by diet quality score and pBMI and the diet quality*pBMI interaction term were computed. Results pBMI is strongly predictive of insulin and HOMA-IR and each diet quality score exerts similar significant main effects on glycemic parameters (Table 1). Only the DII*pBMI interaction term was significantly associated with insulin and HOMA-IR (Table 2). Figures 1A and 1B depict that the effect of DII on glycemic control is most pronounced for women with a pBMI < 25.0 Kg/m2, while levels among overweight and obese women remain relatively stable regardless of the inflammatory profile of the diet. Neither DASH, MDS or AHEI-P showed a significant effect on glycemic markers when analyzed as a function of pBMI. Conclusions Although each of the examined diet quality scores may serve as crude predictors of glycemic control in pregnancy, only the DII detected significant differential effects as a function of pBMI. A more pro-inflammatory diet in normal weight pregnant women may exert a stronger influence on glycemic control compared to overweight and obese women, likely attributed to the overriding effects of excess adiposity on dysglycemia. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health: NICHD, NIMHD, NIMH. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Anthropometric Variables as Mediators of the Association of Changes in Diet and Physical Activity With Inflammatory Profile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes ◽  
Camille Lassale ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
María Grau ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Inflammatory Score ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Abstract Background Mechanisms underlying the associations of high levels of physical activity (PA) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with a better inflammatory profile remain unclear. Our objective was to assess the mediating role of changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), as markers of body fat in the association of changes in PA and adherence to the MedDiet, with changes in the inflammatory profile. Method This study included 489 adults, aged 55–75 years, from the PREDIMED-Plus multicenter lifestyle intervention trial. An inflammatory score was calculated, based on 8 blood biomarkers: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 18, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, C-peptide, leptin, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell–expressed and secreted chemokine. Biomarkers, levels of PA, score of MedDiet adherence, BMI, and WC were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Linear regression models were fitted according to the Baron and Kenny framework for mediation analysis. Results Changes in BMI and WC mediated the association of both changes in PA and changes in the MedDiet adherence with the inflammatory score. Body mass index mediated 26% of the association of changes in total PA with the inflammatory profile, and 27% of the association of changes in the MedDiet, while WC mediated 13% and 12% of these associations, respectively. Conclusion In older adults at high cardiovascular risk, increasing PA levels and adherence to a MedDiet during 1 year were associated with a lower inflammatory score, which was partly mediated by a reduction in body fat. Clinical Trials Registration Number International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN89898870; registration date July 24, 2014, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Predictors of Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Embolic Stroke Of Undetermined Source: An Analysis of the RE-SPECT ESUS Trial

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecilia Bahit ◽  
Ralph L. Sacco ◽  
J. Donald Easton ◽  
Juliane Meyerhoff ◽  
Lisa Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Embolic Stroke ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring

Background: A proportion of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) have silent atrial fibrillation (AF) or develop AF after the initial evaluation. Better understanding of risk for development of AF is critical to implement optimal monitoring strategies with the goal of preventing recurrent stroke due to underlying AF. The RE-SPECT ESUS trial provides an opportunity to assess predictors for developing AF and associated recurrent stroke. Methods: RE-SPECT ESUS was a randomized, controlled trial (564 sites, 42 countries) assessing dabigatran versus aspirin for the prevention of recurrent stroke in patients with ESUS. Of 5390 patients enrolled and followed for a median of 19 months, 403 (7.5%) were found to develop AF reported as an adverse event or using cardiac monitoring per standard clinical care. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to define predictors of AF. Results: In the multivariable model, older age (odds ratio [OR] for 10-year increase 1.99 [1.78-2.23]; P<0.001), hypertension (1.36 [1.03-1.79]; P=0.0304), diabetes (OR 0.74 [0.56-0.96]; P=0.022), and body mass index (OR for 5-unit increase 1.29 [1.16-1.43]; P<0.001) were independent predictors of AF during the study. In a sensitivity analysis restricted to 1117 patients with baseline N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurements, only older age and higher NT-proBNP were significant independent predictors of AF. Performances of several published predictive models were assessed, including the HAVOC and CHA2DS2-VASc scores, and higher scores were associated with higher rates of developing AF. Conclusions: Besides age as the most important variable, several other factors, including hypertension, higher body mass index, and lack of diabetes, are independent predictors of AF after ESUS. When baseline NT-proBNP was available, only older age and elevation of this biomarker were predictive of subsequent AF. Understanding who is at higher risk of developing AF will assist in identifying patients who may benefit from more intense, long-term cardiac monitoring.

scholarly journals Subjective Social Status Is Associated with Dysregulated Eating Behaviors and Greater Body Mass Index in an Urban Predominantly Black and Low-Income Sample

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3893
Author(s):  
Monika M. Stojek ◽  
Paulina Wardawy ◽  
Charles F. Gillespie ◽  
Jennifer S. Stevens ◽  
Abigail Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Small Sample

Background: Higher subjective social status (SSS) or a person’s perception of their social standing is related to better health outcomes, but few studies examined SSS in relation to obesity. Emotional eating and food addiction have been linked to obesity. Some studies indicated that manipulating SSS may lead to altered food intake, but the relationship between SSS and dysregulated eating, such as emotional eating and food addiction (FA), has not been examined. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between SSS in the community and the larger society, dysregulated eating (emotional eating and FA), and body mass index (BMI) in a majority racial minority sample. Methods: The participants (N = 89; 93% Black, 86% women, and 56% with obesity; 72% income lower than USD 2000), recruited from a publicly funded hospital in Atlanta, GA, completed the MacArthur Scale, Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire, Yale Food Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, PTSD Symptom Checklist, and demographics questionnaire. Results: Twenty-two percent of the sample met the criteria for FA; those with FA had significantly higher BMI than those without (p = 0.018). In the hierarchical linear regression, the SSS community (but not in society) predicted higher severity of emotional eating (β = 0.26, p = 0.029) and FA (β = 0.30, p = 0.029), and higher BMI (β = 0.28, p = 0.046), independent from depression and PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The findings indicate that, among Black individuals with predominantly low income in the U.S., perceived role in their community is associated with eating patterns and body mass. Given the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution.

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