scholarly journals The Interplay Between Diet Quality and Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index on Glycemic Parameters in Pregnancy: A Comparison of Various Diet Quality Scores (OR35-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lindsay ◽  
Claudia Buss ◽  
Sonja Entringer ◽  
Pathik Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives Nutrition in pregnancy plays an important role in maintaining glycemic control but there is no consensus on how to characterize maternal diet quality with respect to glycemic outcomes. The objective of this study is to compare the associations between 4 indices of diet quality with biomarkers of glycemic control (insulin, homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) in pregnancy, and to determine whether associations vary as a function of pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI). Methods In a prospective longitudinal study of N = 220 pregnant women, dietary intakes were assessed at 3 time points across gestation by 3 × 24h-diet recalls per assessment, from which 4 validated diet quality scores were derived: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Alternative Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Fasting blood samples collected at each assessment were assayed for insulin and glucose and HOMA-IR was computed. pBMI was computed from self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and measured height. Linear regression models predicting mean pregnancy values of insulin and HOMA-IR by diet quality score and pBMI and the diet quality*pBMI interaction term were computed. Results pBMI is strongly predictive of insulin and HOMA-IR and each diet quality score exerts similar significant main effects on glycemic parameters (Table 1). Only the DII*pBMI interaction term was significantly associated with insulin and HOMA-IR (Table 2). Figures 1A and 1B depict that the effect of DII on glycemic control is most pronounced for women with a pBMI < 25.0 Kg/m2, while levels among overweight and obese women remain relatively stable regardless of the inflammatory profile of the diet. Neither DASH, MDS or AHEI-P showed a significant effect on glycemic markers when analyzed as a function of pBMI. Conclusions Although each of the examined diet quality scores may serve as crude predictors of glycemic control in pregnancy, only the DII detected significant differential effects as a function of pBMI. A more pro-inflammatory diet in normal weight pregnant women may exert a stronger influence on glycemic control compared to overweight and obese women, likely attributed to the overriding effects of excess adiposity on dysglycemia. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health: NICHD, NIMHD, NIMH. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals The Effect of Diet Control on the Leptin Levels in Diabetic Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna KA ◽  
Mokhtar A ◽  
Saad MA ◽  
Ahmed AA ◽  
Akbar JB
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Complication ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: Leptin is an adipokine that has strong correlation with the body mass index (BMI). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication associated with pregnancy. Leptin may lose its correlation with the body mass index (BMI) during diabetes due to hormonal rearrangement. Diet control is the first line management in GDM. Leptin reported to increase in pregnancy and further increases in diabetic patients during GDM screening. There is paucity in the reports concerning Leptin levels in GDM patients on diet control. The present study was aimed to evaluate the changes in maternal leptin in pregnancy complicated by GDM on diet control compared to the normal pregnancy in the 3rd trimesters by comparing the means and to find the correlation of Leptin with the body mass index in both groups. Methods: The study included 2 groups: normal pregnancy (n = 40) and pregnancy with GDM under diet control (n = 60) both groups are at 38-40 weeks of gestation. Leptin concentration in serum was measured in both groups and statistically tested using student t test. The BMI were measured and correlated with the Leptin level in test groups. Results: the results indicated that Leptin will nearly triple in the third trimester (38±30 ng/ml) of pregnancy compared to the standard normal non-pregnant. Leptin level was significantly lower in diabetic women on diet control (28±16 ng/ ml) when compared with the non-diabetics (38±30 ng/ml). The hormone has no correlation with the age of the patients but have a positive correlation with the body mass index before and during pregnancy in both groups. Conclusion: Leptin is increasing in pregnancy as part of the physiological changes. Dieting can decrease Leptin level in diabetics’ pregnant women. Diet can restore the hormonal dysregulation of Leptin. Assessment of Leptin level might be used as an indicator for good diet control during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Body Mass Index on the Outcome of Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Chalank Kanbe ◽  
Ali Galleb ◽  
Hanaa Al –Ani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of

Obesity is one of the most common nutritional problems of complicating pregnancy.Compared with normal-weight women, obese women have a greater risk of developing.complications during pregnancy Objective: The aim of this study is to compare maternal outcome of pregnancy in relation to .body mass index .Study design: Prospective study.Setting: Kirkuk General Hospital, from 1st of January 2017 to the end of June 2017 Patients and methods: A total number of 150 pregnant women are included in this study. The studied women are divided into three groups according to their BMI of; first group with BMI from (18.5kg/m2-24.9kg/m2), the second group (25 kg/m2 to 29.9kg/m2), and the third group from 30kg/m2 and above. Each group consists of 50 pregnant women. Singleton pregnancy, both primigravida and multigravida of completed 37 weeks-42 weeks are included in this study. Women with previous caesarean section, women with history of severe hyperemesis gravidarum, pregnant women with heart diseases and thyroid disorders, generalized oedema,.blood diseases and autoimmune diseases are excluded from this study Results: In this study highly significant relation is found between hypertension and increase BMI (p=0.000). Equal number of diabetes mellitus is found in all groups 2% (p=1.000). It is noticed that history of infertility and intrauterine death rose with increasing BMI. The results shows that most of women with normal BMI delivered vaginally compared with overweight and obese women. While delivery by Cesarean section is more frequent in both over weight.)and obese pregnant women, the relation is highly significant (p= 0.000:Conclusions: Regarding the results of this study, the following can be concluded.High BMI significantly increases the risk of delivery by cesarean section Obesity is associated with increased incidence of hypertension, infertility, and IUD.

The cumulative impact of parity on the body mass index (BMI) in a non-selected Lower Saxony population

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Brodowski ◽  
Niels Rochow ◽  
Efrah I. Yousuf ◽  
Fabian Kohls ◽  
Constantin S. von Kaisenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectivesDuring the last decade obesity has been continuously rising in adults in industrial countries. The increased occurrence of perinatal complications caused by maternal obesity poses a major challenge for obstetricians during pregnancy and childbirth. This study aims to examine the association between parity, pregnancy, birth risks, and body mass index (BMI) of women from Lower Saxony, Germany.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined pseudonymized data of a non-selected singleton cohort from Lower Saxony’s statewide quality assurance initiative. Mothers were categorized according to BMI as normal weight (18.5 to <25 kg/m2) or obese (≥30 kg/m2).ResultsMost of the mothers in this study population were either in their first (33.9%) or second pregnancy (43.4%). The mean age of women giving birth for the first time was 28.3 years. Maternal age increased with increasing parity. The proportion of pregnant women with a BMI over 30 was 11% in primiparous women, 14.3% in second para, 17.3% in third para and 24.1% in fourth para or more women. Increasing parity was positively correlated with the incidence of classical diseases related to obesity, namely diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, hypertension, pregnancy-related hypertension and urinary protein excretion. An increased risk of primary or secondary cesarean section was observed in the obese women, particularly during the first deliveries.ConclusionsThere is a positive and significant correlation between parity and increased maternal BMI. The highest weight gain happens during the first pregnancy. The rate of operative deliveries and complications during delivery is increased in obese pregnant women.

scholarly journals Children's Willingness to Try New Foods: Associations With Diet Quality and Body Mass Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Farah Behbehani ◽  
Kristen Hurley ◽  
Maureen M Black
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Childcare Centers ◽  
Novel Foods

Abstract Objectives To examine how children's willingness to try new foods (WTNF) is related to diet quality and body mass index. Methods Participants included children (n = 402), ages 3–5 y, recruited from childcare centers participating in baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate strategies to promote the development of healthy eating behaviors. Children's intake of fruit, vegetables, sweets, and salty snacks was measured through a short food frequency questionnaire administered to parents and a diet quality score (DQS) was generated. Children's height and weight were measured, and body mass index z-scores (BMIz) was calculate using CDC criteria. Children's WTNF was assessed by offering 6 novel and 3 familiar foods during a food tasting activity administered in the childcare center. Poisson regressions were used to examine the association between children's WTNF (dichotomized as high: tried ≥ 3 novel foods vs. low: tried &lt; 3 novel foods) and children's weekly intake of each food group. An ordinal regression was used to examine the association between children's WTNF and DQS. Linear regressions were used to examine the association between children's WTNF and BMIz. All analyses were adjusted for child sex, age, race, and household income, parent BMI was also adjusted in models including child BMI. In all models, standard errors were adjusted for clustering within childcare centers, the unit of randomization. Results Children who demonstrated high WTNF consumed 1.24 (95% CI: 1.11–1.38) times more servings of vegetables per week, and had a 1.53 (95% CI: 1.03–2.26) greater odds of having a higher diet quality score compared to children who demonstrated low WTNF. Children's WTNF was not significantly associated with children's intake of fruits, salty snacks, or sweets, or related to their BMIz. Conclusions Diet quality is compromised by children's lower WTNF. Future studies are needed to investigate strategies that promote children's WTNF such as vegetables, and examine whether the relation between low willingness to try new foods and poor diet quality influences child weight outcomes prospectively across childhood. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

scholarly journals Anaemia, Body Mass Index and Risk Factors Association with Malarious Pregnant Women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
C. A. Imakwu ◽  
J. C. Ozougwu ◽  
O. P. Okeke ◽  
G. U. Amana ◽  
S. C. Eziuzor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
In Pregnancy

Aims: Malaria in pregnancy is a weighty health problem in sub-Saharan Africa where 90% of the global malaria burden occurs, therefore there is urgent need for more researches on malaria in pregnancy to reduce its mortality and morbidity. Anaemia, body mass index and risk factors association with malarious pregnant women in Ebonyi State was investigated in this study. Study Design: A cross-sectional study on malaria infection among pregnant women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria was carried out from April 2011 to March 2012 from two selected hospitals. Methodology: Venous blood samples were collected for thick and thin films blood smears for microscopic examinations. Presence or absence of anaemia was determined by measuring haemoglobin concentration spectrophotometrically using the cyanmethemoglobin method. Chi-square (χ2) was used to analyse the data collected. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The result showed that out of 360 pregnant women sampled with average age of (26.54 ± 4.61), infection rate of 150 (41.7%) was observed. The prevalence of anaemia was 202(56.1%) and it was highly associated with malaria, infection was higher among pregnant women who were anaemic than those who were not. Also, body mass index is associated with malaria as it showed its highest prevalence amongst overweight pregnant women. The risk factors associated with malaria in this study were rainy season, primigravidae and primary education. Conclusion: Increased awareness about anaemia, body mass index and risk factors such as rainy season, primigravidae and primary education association with malaria as established in this study could help in the reduction of the burden of malaria among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Diet quality and genetic association with body mass index: results from 3 observational studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ding ◽  
Christina Ellervik ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Majken K Jensen ◽  
Gary C Curhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Diet Score

ABSTRACT Background It is unknown whether dietary quality modifies genetic association with body mass index (BMI). Objective This study examined whether dietary quality modifies genetic association with BMI. Design We calculated 3 diet quality scores including the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), the Alternative Mediterranean Diet score (AMED), and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet score. We examined the interactions of a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 97 BMI-associated variants with the 3 diet quality scores on BMI in 30,904 participants from 3 large cohorts. Results We found significant interactions between total GRS and all 3 diet scores on BMI assessed after 2–3 y, with an attenuated genetic effect observed in individuals with healthier diets (AHEI: P-interaction = 0.003; AMED: P = 0.001; DASH: P = 0.004). For example, the difference in BMI (kg/m2) per 10-unit increment of the GRS was smaller among participants in the highest tertile of AHEI score compared with those in the lowest tertile (0.84; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96 compared with 1.14; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.29). Results were consistent across the 3 cohorts with no significant heterogeneity. The interactions with diet scores on BMI appeared more significant for central nervous system GRSs (P < 0.01 for 3 diet scores) than for non–central nervous system GRSs (P > 0.05 for 3 diet scores). Conclusions A higher diet quality attenuated genetic predisposition to obesity. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining a healthful diet for the prevention of obesity, particularly for those individuals with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity. This trial was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry as NCT03577639.

scholarly journals The obese woman with gestational diabetes: effects of body mass index and weight gain in pregnancy on obstetric and glycaemic outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Ip ◽  
Jennifer Bradford ◽  
Tien-Ming Hng ◽  
Susan Hendon ◽  
Mark McLean
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Obese Woman ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background Obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represent a high-risk group in pregnancy, although the effects of increasing degrees of obesity and weight gain in pregnancy in this group is poorly defined. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 375 singleton pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and GDM. Women with a body mass index (BMI) of 30–35 kg/m2 were compared with those with a BMI of ≥ 35 kg/m2. Additionally, women were categorized according to weight gain in pregnancy: Group A (<0.18 kg/week), Group B (0.18–0.27 kg/week), Group C (>0.27 kg/week). Results Obstetric outcomes did not differ between the groups; however, postpartum dysglycaemia was more likely in women with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–8.9). Group B and Group C had higher odds of LGA (OR 3.8, 95% CI: 1.3–11.3; OR 5.0, 95% CI: 2.0–12.1, respectively) compared with Group A. Group C also had a lower risk of SGA (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–1.0) and a higher risk of postpartum dysglycaemia (OR 6.8, 95% CI: 1.7–26.9) compared with Group A. Conclusion Greater degrees of obesity are associated with higher risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes after pregnancy. Excessive weight gain in pregnancy in obese women increases adverse obstetric and glycaemic outcomes. Our findings suggest that targets for weight gain in pregnancy for obese women should be reduced from current recommendations.

scholarly journals Pre-prepregnancy body mass index and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Rudic-Grujic ◽  
Milkica Grabez ◽  
Stela Stojisavljevic ◽  
Budimka Novakovic ◽  
Snjezana Popovic-Pejicic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction/Objective. Not only do pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity increase the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes but they also lead to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in the Republic of Srpska and to investigate its association with hyperglycemia and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from February to October 2012 among 555 pregnant women in gestational period from 24 to 28 weeks. The criterion for exclusion from the sample was previously diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Results. Before pregnancy, 20.39% of participants had increased body mass index, while 4.04 % [95% confidence interval (CI); 2.62?6.13] were obese. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 10.91% (95% CI, 8.44?13.98) of them. The increase in body mass index by 1 increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus by 1.09 times [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09; 95% CI; 1.02?1.16]. Pregnant women who were overweight had a 4.88 times greater risk (OR = 4.88; 95% CI, 1.23?29.41) of developing gestational diabetes. Conclusion. Every fifth pregnant woman in this study was overweight or obese before pregnancy. The increase in body mass index by 1 increased the risk of gestational diabetes by 1.09 times (OR = 1.09; 95% CI; 1.02?1.16). Counselling is necessary for overweight and obese women planning pregnancy.

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