Effects of 12 weeks of resistance training on gut microbiota composition of rats

In addition to its health benefits, exercise training has been pointed out as modulator of the gut microbiota. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) on gut microbiota composition remain unknown. Wistar rats underwent 12 weeks of RT. Body weight, glucose tolerance test, visceral body fat, triglyceride concentration, and food consumption were evaluated. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Rats that underwent RT showed lower body weight (p=0.0005), lower fat content (p=0.02), and better glucose kinetics (p=0.047) when compared to the control. Improvements in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were identified in the RT group. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Comamonas decreased significantly after 12 weeks of RT (p<0.001). These results suggest that RT has the potential to enhance the diversity of the gut microbiota and improve its biological functions.

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Sa1417 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION OF BILIARY SLUDGE IN OCCLUDED STENTS AND REFRACTORY STENT DYSFUNCTION: A FIRST MICROBIOTA ASSESSMENT USING 16S RRNA GENE SEQUENCING

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

10.1016/j.gie.2019.03.212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. AB221

Author(s):

Yosuke Kawahara ◽

Hiroto Furuhashi ◽

Ichiro Sugawara ◽

Kimio Isshi ◽

Wataru Suda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Biliary Sludge ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

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Metformin alleviates choline diet-induced TMAO elevation in C57BL/6J mice by influencing gut-microbiota composition and functionality

Nutrition and Diabetes ◽

10.1038/s41387-021-00169-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chunyan Su ◽

Xingxing Li ◽

Yuxin Yang ◽

Yu Du ◽

Xiumin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractTrimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite generated from its dietary precursors such as choline, has been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Metformin is the most widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which has therapeutic effects on hyperglycemia accelerated atherosclerosis. A growing body of evidence suggest that metformin plays a therapeutic role by regulating the structure and metabolic function of gut microbiota. However, whether metformin has an impact on gut-microbiota-mediated TMAO production from choline remains obscure. In this study, the oral administration of metformin significantly reduced choline diet-increased serum TMAO in choline diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. The diversity analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing of C57BL/6J mice fecal samples indicated that metformin markedly changed the gut-microbiota composition. Metformin was positively correlated with the enrichment of different intestinal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia and a lower cutC (a choline utilization gene) abundance. Furthermore, the ex vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of metformin on choline metabolism of TMA-producing bacteria were confirmed under anaerobic condition. The results suggested that metformin suppresses serum TMAO level by remodeling gut microbiota involved in TMA generation from choline.

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IgA-deficient humans exhibit gut microbiota dysbiosis despite secretion of compensatory IgM

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49923-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jason R. Catanzaro ◽

Juliet D. Strauss ◽

Agata Bielecka ◽

Anthony F. Porto ◽

Francis M. Lobo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Iga Deficiency ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Antibody Isotype ◽

Selective Iga Deficiency ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Immunoglobulin A is the dominant antibody isotype found in mucosal secretions and enforces host-microbiota symbiosis in mice, yet selective IgA-deficiency (sIgAd) in humans is often described as asymptomatic. Here, we determined the effects of IgA deficiency on human gut microbiota composition and evaluated the possibility that mucosal secretion of IgM can compensate for a lack of secretory IgA. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bacterial cell sorting to evaluate gut microbiota composition and taxa-specific antibody coating of the gut microbiota in 15 sIgAd subjects and matched controls. Despite the secretion of compensatory IgM into the gut lumen, sIgAd subjects displayed an altered gut microbiota composition as compared to healthy controls. These alterations were characterized by a trend towards decreased overall microbial diversity as well as significant shifts in the relative abundances of specific microbial taxa. While secretory IgA in healthy controls targeted a defined subset of the microbiota via high-level coating, compensatory IgM in sIgAd subjects showed less specificity than IgA and bound a broader subset of the microbiota. We conclude that IgA plays a critical and non-redundant role in controlling gut microbiota composition in humans and that secretory IgA has evolved to maintain a diverse and stable gut microbial community.

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A Partnership in the Making: Metabolic Phenotype Determined by the Combination of Dietary Fiber and the Gut Microbiome (FS07-03-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz040.fs07-03-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Tzu-Wen Cross ◽

Evan Hutchison ◽

Jacob Coulthurst ◽

Federico Rey

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Lower Body ◽

Germ Free ◽

Lower Body Weight ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives Dietary fiber consumption improves cardiometabolic health, partly by enhancing microbial diversity and increasing production of butyrate in the distal gut. However, it is unclear whether the benefits associated with different types of fiber vary based on the gut microbiota composition. We surveyed nine different human gut microbial communities by characterizing them in germ-free mice and selected two communities based on their butyrate-producing capacity (“B”) and diversity (“D”) (i.e., high- vs. low-BD communities). Our objective was to assess the role of high- vs. low-BD communities on the metabolic effects elicited by the consumption of various dietary fibers. Methods We formulated seven diets with different sources of dietary fiber (10% wt/wt): i) resistant starch type 2 (RS2); ii) RS4; iii) inulin; iv) short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS); v) pectin, vi) assorted fiber (a combination of the 5 fermentable fibers), and vii) cellulose (a non-fermentable control). Germ-free C57BL/6 male mice were colonized with either the high- or low-BD communities and fed the assorted fiber diet for 2 weeks to reach stability of microbial engraftment. Mice were then switched to one of the 7 diets for 4 weeks (n = 7–10/group; 117 mice total). We quantified cecal level of short-chain fatty acids and assessed the gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. Results Mice colonized with the high-BD community have lower body weight and fat mass compared to the low-BD community when fermentable-fiber sources RS2, inulin, or assorted fiber were present in the diet. Body weight did not differ between the two communities when mice were fed RS4, scFOS, pectin, or cellulose diets. Lower body weight and fat mass were associated with greater cecal butyrate concentrations and microbial diversity. Conclusions The efficacy of dietary fiber interventions on metabolic health varies based on the gut microbiota composition. Overall, our results suggest that dietary fiber supplementations need to be matched with the metabolic potential of the gut microbiome. Funding Sources Fondation Leducq, USDA, and NIH.

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Gut Microbiota Composition across Normal Range Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11121381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1381

Author(s):

Han-Na Kim ◽

Jae-Heon Kim ◽

Yoosoo Chang ◽

Dongmin Yang ◽

Hyung-Lae Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Normal Range ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Animal studies have shown the interaction between androgens and the gut microbiome directly and indirectly; however, limited evidence from human studies is available. To evaluate the association between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels within the normal range, reflective of androgen receptor activity, and the gut microbiota composition, a cross-sectional analysis was performed in 759 Korean men aged between 25 and 78 years with normal PSA levels of ≤4.0 ng/mL. We evaluated the biodiversity of gut microbiota as well as the taxonomic and functional signatures associated with PSA levels using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. PSA levels within the normal range were categorized into three groups: lowest quartile (G1), interquartile range (G2, reference), and highest quartile (G3). The G3 group had higher microbial richness than the G2 group, although it was dominated by a few bacteria. An increase in Escherichia/Shigella abundance and a reduction in Megamonas abundance in the G3 group were also detected. A U-shaped relationship was observed between the three groups across most analyses, including biodiversity, taxonomic composition, and inferred pathways in the gut microbiota. This study showed different microbiota patterns across PSA levels within the normal range. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of microbiota in regulating PSA levels.

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Alterations of gut microbiota composition in post-finasteride patients: a pilot study

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation ◽

10.1007/s40618-020-01424-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

F. Borgo ◽

A. D. Macandog ◽

S. Diviccaro ◽

E. Falvo ◽

S. Giatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Persistent Symptoms ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Purpose Post-finasteride syndrome (PFS) has been reported in a subset of patients treated with finasteride (an inhibitor of the enzyme 5alpha-reductase) for androgenetic alopecia. These patients showed, despite the suspension of the treatment, a variety of persistent symptoms, like sexual dysfunction and cognitive and psychological disorders, including depression. A growing body of literature highlights the relevance of the gut microbiota-brain axis in human health and disease. For instance, alterations in gut microbiota composition have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder. Therefore, we have here analyzed the gut microbiota composition in PFS patients in comparison with a healthy cohort. Methods Fecal microbiota of 23 PFS patients was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared with that reported in ten healthy male subjects. Results Sexual dysfunction, psychological and cognitive complaints, muscular problems, and physical alterations symptoms were reported in more than half of the PFS patients at the moment of sample collection. The quality sequence check revealed a low library depth for two fecal samples. Therefore, the gut microbiota analyses were conducted on 21 patients. The α-diversity was significantly lower in PFS group, showing a reduction of richness and diversity of gut microbiota structure. Moreover, when visualizing β-diversity, a clustering effect was found in the gut microbiota of a subset of PFS subjects, which was also characterized by a reduction in Faecalibacterium spp. and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, while Alloprevotella and Odoribacter spp were increased compared to healthy control. Conclusion Gut microbiota population is altered in PFS patients, suggesting that it might represent a diagnostic marker and a possible therapeutic target for this syndrome.

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16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC-MS-based metabolomics show that ischemic stroke is related to gut microbiota and metabolome in rats

10.21203/rs.2.15920/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wanfeng Wu ◽

Yihang Sun ◽

Shaowu Cheng ◽

Ning Luo ◽

Cheng Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

And Control

Abstract BackgroundIschemic stroke (IS) is a common type of stroke with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability. Despite accumulating evidence that the gut microbiome and metabolome are associated with human diseases, whether they contribute to the pathophysiological mechanism of IS and whether microbial communities affect metabolic phenotype and function are unclear. ResultsIn this study, we integrated 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC-MS-based metabolomics to explore the roles and underlying mechanisms of the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model of IS. Microbiota composition and diversity in IS and control rats were significantly different at the phylum and genus levels. The relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes was significantly decreased, whereas Proteobacteria and Deferribacteres were markedly increased in IS rats compared with abundance levels in controls. In addition, the metabolic profiles of IS rats were significantly different from those of control rats. We detected 308 significantly dysregulated metabolites, including 155 up-regulated and 153 down-regulated, that best distinguished the IS and control groups. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota was strongly correlated with dysregulated metabolites. Overall, our results showed that IS is characterized by significant alterations in gut microbiota composition and diversity as well as metabolic phenotype. ConclusionThese results demonstrate that dysbiosis of gut microbiota and perturbations of gut microﬂora-related metabolites are involved in the development of IS and may serve as potential biomarkers of ischemic stroke.

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Monocyte reconstitution and gut microbiota composition after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

10.1101/777268 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sejal Morjaria ◽

Allen W. Zhang ◽

Sohn Kim ◽

Jonathan U. Peled ◽

Simone Becattini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

BackgroundMonocytes are an essential cellular component of the innate immune system that support the host’s effectivenss to combat a range of infectious pathogens. Hemopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) results in transient monocyte depletion, but the factors that regulate recovery of monocyte populations are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota is associated with the recovery of monocyte homeostasis after HCT.MethodsWe performed a single-center, prospective, pilot study of 18 recipients of either autologous or allogeneic HCT. Serial blood and stool samples were collected from each patient during their HCT hospitalization. Analysis of the gut microbiota was done using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and flow cytometric analysis was used to characterize the phenotypic composition of monocyte populations.ResultsDynamic fluctuations in monocyte reconstitution occurred after HCT and large differences were observed in monocyte frequency among patients over time. Recovery of absolute monocyte counts and monocyte subsets showed significant variability across the heterogeneous transplant types and conditioning intensities; no relationship to the microbiota composition was observed in this small cohort.ConclusionA relationship between the microbiota composition and monocyte homeostasis could not be firmly established in this pilot study.

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Association of Moderate Beer Consumption with the Gut Microbiota and SCFA of Healthy Adults

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25204772 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (20) ◽

pp. 4772

Author(s):

Natalia González-Zancada ◽

Noemí Redondo-Useros ◽

Ligia E. Díaz ◽

Sonia Gómez-Martínez ◽

Ascensión Marcos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Beer Consumption ◽

Β Diversity ◽

Total Alcohol ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Fermented alcoholic drinks’ contribution to the gut microbiota composition is mostly unknown. However, intestinal microorganisms can use compounds present in beer. This work explored the associations between moderate consumption of beer, microbiota composition, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile. Seventy eight subjects were selected from a 261 healthy adult cohort on the basis of their alcohol consumption pattern. Two groups were compared: (1) abstainers or occasional consumption (ABS) (n = 44; <1.5 alcohol g/day), and (2) beer consumption ≥70% of total alcohol (BEER) (n = 34; 200 to 600 mL 5% vol. beer/day; <15 mL 13% vol. wine/day; <15 mL 40% vol. spirits/day). Gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and SCFA concentration were analyzed in fecal samples. No differences were found in α and β diversity between groups. The relative abundance of gut bacteria showed that Clostridiaceae was lower (p = 0.009), while Blautia and Pseudobutyrivibrio were higher (p = 0.044 and p = 0.037, respectively) in BEER versus ABS. In addition, Alkaliphilus, in men, showed lower abundance in BEER than in ABS (p = 0.025). Butyric acid was higher in BEER than in ABS (p = 0.032), and correlated with Pseudobutyrivibrio abundance. In conclusion, the changes observed in a few taxa, and the higher butyric acid concentration in consumers versus non-consumers of beer, suggest a potentially beneficial effect of moderate beer consumption on intestinal health.

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