Factors Associated With Rates of Gestational Weight Gain Among Pregnant Women in West Sumatera, Indonesia

Abstract Objectives Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important anthropometric indicator for maternal nutritional status. This study analyzed to determine factors associated with rates of gestational weight gain among women in the third trimester in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy pregnant women in the third trimester in West Sumatera, Indonesia. A total 195 pregnant women attending at each public health center were enrolled in the present study from September 2017 to March 2018. Information regarding demographic characteristics, obstetrical history, physical activity, calorie intake, and anthropometric was assessed through direct interview. GWG rates were determined based on recommendations of Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009. Results Of the 195 pregnant women, more than half of the women were GWG inadequate 53.3%, adequate 34.4%, and excessive 12.3%. Prepregnancy BMI were overweight/obese 43.1%, normal 46.7%, underweight 10.3%. The multinomial logistic model indicates than women who were overweight or obese at pre-pregnancy were 17 times more likely to have excessive GWG rate (p-value < 0.01) as compared to women who were pre-pregnancy normal weight. Conclusions Women who were overweight/obese at pre-pregnancy were at-risk of having excessive GWG rate, which underlines the importance of targeting these women for pre-conception counseling or health education on GWG. Funding Sources Indonesian Danone Institute Foundation.

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Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods by Pregnant Women with Diabetes Mellitus (P11-021-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz048.p11-021-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Padilha ◽

Carolina Felizardo ◽

Claudia Saunders ◽

Letícia Cunha ◽

Amanda Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Third

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPF)by pregnant women with previous diabetes mellitus (DM) in use of the method of counting carbohydrates, besides investigating their association with the outcomes of total gestational weight gain and glycemic control. Methods A cohort study developed in a reference maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with adult pregnant women with single fetus, with a diagnosis of DM prior to pregnancy, without other chronic morbidities. Food consumption was assessed by the semi-quantitative frequency of consumption questionnaire in the second and third quarters and the NOVA classification was used to identify the consumed of UPF. Measurements of weight were measured at all consultations and laboratory tests were evaluated at each gestational trimester. The multivariate linear regression was used in the analysis. Results Pregnant women (n = 42) presented mean total gestational gain of 12.02 ± 4.8 kg, 65.8% of them with inadequacy. The daily consumption of UPF was 317.29 ± 187.28 Kcal and 272.37 ± 170.55 Kcal, respectively, representing 16.9 ± 7.7% and 15.2 ± 10% of the average daily energy consumption. The increase of every 1 kcal in the caloric intake from UPF in the third trimester increased the glycated hemoglobin in the third trimester (β = 0.007, P = 0.025), 0.14mg/dL of postprandial 1-hour glycemia in the third trimester (β = 0.143, P = 0.011) and 0.11 kg in the total gestational weight gain (β = 0.11, P = 0.006). No associations were found for ultraprocessed foods consumption in the second trimester. Conclusions Ultraprocessed foods consumption was associated with the gestational endpoints glycemic control and total weight gain. It is necessary to intensify the strategies of orientation and nutritional education for pregnant women with previous DM in use of the method of counting carbohydrates. Funding Sources FAPERJ.

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When and How Should Chinese Pregnant Women Exercise? A Longitudinal Study in China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Mi Xiang ◽

Masayuki Konishi ◽

Huanhuan Hu ◽

Mio Nishimaki ◽

Hyeon-Ki Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Third

This study aimed to examine when and how physical activity (PA) influences gestational weight gain (GWG) and infant birthweight (BW) by considering the PA’s total volume, timing, intensity, and type, controlling for the influence of energy intake. A total of 1272 participants in different stages of pregnancy were recruited from hospital. The associations between PA and GWG or BW in the latter half of pregnancy were significant. Women with the highest PA volume in the third trimester had significantly lower risks of inadequate and excessive GWG by 69% (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.10–0.91) and 67% (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12–0.91), respectively, compared to women in the lowest quartile. Women who achieved the recommended moderate intensity of PA during their second and third trimesters, independent of total volume of PA, had infants with significantly lower BWs compared to those who did not (β = −0.15, SE = 66.33, p = 0.04; β = −0.20, SE = 64.54, p = 0.01, respectively). Therefore, the effects of total volume and intensity of PA on GWG and BW were different. Interventions to prevent inappropriate GWG and macrosomia may need to set different priorities and timing regarding total volume or intensity of PA.

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Part of the Fat Component in the Structure of Gestational Weight Gain

Galician Medical Journal ◽

10.21802/gmj.2018.1.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Svitlana Ostafiichuk

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Fat Mass ◽

First Trimester ◽

The Body ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Third

Gestational weight gain (GWG), which is more or less of the recommended guidelines, has serious short- and long-term negative consequences for the health of the mother and children. Determining the dynamics of body composition during pregnancy is important for full antenatal care in order to prevent pathological weight gain and prevention of gestational complications.Objective: Our goal was to determine the proportion of fat component in the structure of GWG in women with normal body weight before pregnancy. Design: 153 pregnant women aged 18-43 years with normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) were examined. BMI was calculated by using the standard formula of person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2). Total weight gain was calculated by subtracting the pre-pregnancy weight from the last measured weight before delivery. The body composition (fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and the percentage of fat mass (%FM)) was calculated on the basis of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the ‘DIAMANT-AIST’ analyzer (St. Petersburg). Statistical analyses were carried out using Statistical program "Statistica 5.5".Results: It has been established that in women of normal weight before pregnancy, GWG was directly proportional to an increase in the fraction of FM (r=0.87; p<0.001). In pregnant with the recommended GWG, FM increased monotonous in the first and second trimesters and subsequently stabilized. In patients with insufficient GWG, fat component increased similarly (p>0.05), however, it was accompanied by low growth of the FFM, especially in the third trimester (p<0.05). Pregnant women with excessive GWG were more likely to gain weight in the first trimester mainly due to the accumulation of FM (p<0.05), and this tendency remained until delivery r=0.99 (p<0.01).Conclusion: In women with normal GWG there is a monotonous increase in fat component in the first and second trimesters, and subsequently stabilized, which promotes adequate weight reduction after childbirth. In patients with high GWG, the excessive increase in the proportion of FM and, consequently, a rapid increase in weight in the first trimester of pregnancy, initiates further accumulation of adipose tissue and slows down its reduction in the postpartum period. In pregnant women with low weight gain there is adequate increase of FM but an insufficient increase of FFM, especially in the third trimester, which leads to the development of placental hypoplasia and small-for-gestational age.

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Pre-Pregnancy Obesity, Excessive Gestational Weight Gain, and the Risk of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9061980 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1980 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Małgorzata Lewandowska ◽

Barbara Więckowska ◽

Stefan Sajdak

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Relationship

Excessive pre-pregnancy weight is a known risk factor of pregnancy complications. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the relationship between several categories of maternal weight and the risk of developing hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy, and the relationship of these complications with the results of the newborn. It was carried out in a common cohort of pregnant women and taking into account the influence of disturbing factors. Our analysis was conducted in a prospective cohort of 912 Polish pregnant women, recruited during 2015–2016. We evaluated the women who subsequently developed diabetes with dietary modification (GDM-1) (n = 125) and with insulin therapy (GDM-2) (n = 21), as well as the women who developed gestational hypertension (GH) (n = 113) and preeclampsia (PE) (n = 24), compared to the healthy controls. Odds ratios of the complications (and confidence intervals (95%)) were calculated in the multivariate logistic regression. In the cohort, 10.8% of the women had pre-pregnancy obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2), and 36.8% had gestational weight gain (GWG) above the range of the Institute of Medicine recommendation. After correction for excessive GWG and other confounders, pre-pregnancy obesity (vs. normal BMI) was associated with a higher odds ratio of GH (AOR = 4.94; p < 0.001), PE (AOR = 8.61; p < 0.001), GDM-1 (AOR = 2.99; p < 0.001), and GDM-2 (AOR = 11.88; p <0.001). The threshold risk of development of GDM-2 occurred at lower BMI values (26.9 kg/m2), compared to GDM-1 (29.1 kg/m2). The threshold point for GH was 24.3 kg/m2, and for PE 23.1 kg/m2. For GWG above the range (vs. GWG in the range), the adjusted odds ratios of GH, PE, GDM-1, and GDM-2 were AOR = 1.71 (p = 0.045), AOR = 1.14 (p = 0.803), AOR = 0.74 (p = 0.245), and AOR = 0.76 (p = 0.672), respectively. The effect of maternal edema on all the results was negligible. In our cohort, hypertension and diabetes were associated with incorrect birth weight and gestational age at delivery. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance and influence of excessive pre-pregnancy maternal weight on the risk of pregnancy complications such as diabetes and hypertension which can impact fetal outcomes.

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Gestational weight gain, nutritional status and blood pressure in pregnant women

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000880 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chiara Alzineth Silva Campos ◽

Maira Barreto Malta ◽

Paulo Augusto Ribeiro Neves ◽

Bárbara Hatzlhoffer Lourenço ◽

Marcia C Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Excessive Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Third ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Prevalence Ratios

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether weekly gestational weight gain is associated with anemia, vitamin A insufficiency, and blood pressure levels in the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective study with 457 pregnant women attending primary care in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. The weekly gestational weight gain rate measured between the second and third trimesters was classified as insufficient, adequate, and excessive according to the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine 2009. The outcomes at the beginning of the third gestational trimester were: anemia (Hb < 110 g/L), vitamin A insufficiency (serum retinol<1.05 μmol/L) and blood pressure levels (continuous values, in mmHg). Age-adjusted prevalence ratios, schooling, and use of vitamin and mineral supplements were calculated in Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS: A total of 18.6% of pregnant women had insufficient weekly weight gain, and 59.1% had excessive weight gain. The frequencies of anemia, vitamin A insufficiency and hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg) were 17.5%, 13.4%, and 0.6%, respectively. The prevalence ratios for anemia among pregnant women with insufficient and excessive weight gain were 0.41 (95%CI 0.18–0.93) and 1.00 (95%CI 0.63–1.59), respectively, when compared to pregnant women with adequate weight gain. For vitamin A insufficiency, the adjusted prevalence ratio was significantly higher among pregnant women with insufficient weight gain (2.85, 95%CI 1.55–5.24) and no difference for excessive weight gain (1.53, 95%CI 0.84–2.74) when compared to pregnant women with adequate weight gain. Pregnant women with excessive weight gain had higher mean systolic blood pressure (111.10; 95%CI 109.9–112.2) when compared to pregnant women with insufficient weight gain (107.50; 95%CI 105.4–109.6) and adequate (106.20; 95%CI 104.3–108.20). CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient weekly gestational weight gain was associated with the risk of vitamin A insufficiency. Excessive weight gain, in turn, was associated with higher blood pressure values at the beginning of the third gestational trimester.

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Gestational Weight Gain among Healthy Pregnant Women from Asia in Comparison with Institute of Medicine (IOM) Guidelines-2009: A Systematic Review

Journal of Pregnancy ◽

10.1155/2019/3849596 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Priyanka Arora ◽

Bani Tamber Aeri

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

The United States ◽

Asian Women ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Gestational Weight

In 1990, Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) ranges for women in the United States primarily to improve infant birth weight. Changes in key aspects of reproductive health of women of child bearing age, a rising prevalence of obesity, and noncommunicable diseases prompted the revision of IOM guidelines in 2009. However, there is no such recommendation available for Asian women. This systematic review assesses the utility of IOM-2009 guidelines among Indian and other Asian pregnant women in terms of maternal and fetal outcomes. 624 citations were identified using PubMed and Google Scholar, out of which 13 were included. Prospective/retrospective studies of healthy Asian women with a singleton pregnancy which specifically examined fetal-maternal outcomes relative to IOM-2009 guidelines were included. Results. Majority of pregnant Indian women achieved less GWG than the recommendations whereas a mixed trend was noticed among the other Asian pregnant women. The most common fetal-maternal complications among the excessive GWG women were found to be macrosomia, large for gestational age and caesarean section followed by gestational diabetes and hypertension, whereas low birth weight, small for gestational age and preterm birth, was found to be associated with low GWG women. The findings highlight the need for appropriate GWG limits across the different body mass index levels specifically for Indians and other Asian population. However, there are not enough publications regarding the utility of IOM-2009 guidelines among the Indian and other Asian women. Thus, higher-quality researches are warranted in future to further validate the findings of the present review.

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Diet, Physical Activity and Gestational Weight Gain Patterns among Pregnant Women Living with Obesity in the North East of England: The GLOWING Pilot Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1981

Author(s):

Nicola Heslehurst ◽

Angela C. Flynn ◽

Lem Ngongalah ◽

Catherine McParlin ◽

Kathryn V. Dalrymple ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Pilot Trial ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Obesity Class ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

North East ◽

Class 1

Maternal diet, physical activity (PA) behaviours, and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important for optimum health of women and their babies. This secondary analysis of the GLOWING pilot cluster trial explored these among women living with obesity in high deprivation. Pregnant women completed food frequency, PA and psychosocial questionnaires. Weights were retrieved from medical records and measured during routine appointments with midwives. Descriptive and regression analyses were stratified by obesity class. A total of 163 women were recruited; 54.0% had class 1 obesity, 25.8% class 2, 20.2% class 3, and 76.1% lived in the two most deprived quintiles. Women had suboptimal dietary intake, particularly for oily fish, fruit and vegetables. PA was predominantly light intensity, from household, care and occupational activities. Most women gained weight outside of Institute of Medicine (IOM) guideline recommendations (87.8%); women in class 3 obesity were most likely to have inadequate GWG below IOM recommendations (58.3%, p < 0.01) and reduced odds of excessive GWG compared with class 1 (AOR 0.13, 95% 0.04–0.45). Deprived women with obesity have a double inequality as both increase pregnancy risks. This population requires support to meet guideline recommendations for diet, PA and GWG. Further research exploring obesity classes would inform policies and care to achieve the best pregnancy outcomes.

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Antenatal Dietary Interventions in Obese Pregnant Women to Restrict Gestational Weight Gain to Institute of Medicine Recommendations

Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1097/aog.0b013e3182396bc6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (6) ◽

pp. 1395-1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Julie A. Quinlivan ◽

Shital Julania ◽

Laurence Lam

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Gestational Weight

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Effect of ultra-processed foods consumption on glycemic control and gestational weight gain in pregnant with pregestational diabetes mellitus using carbohydrate counting

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10514

Author(s):

Carolina F. M. Silva ◽

Claudia Saunders ◽

Wilza Peres ◽

Bárbara Folino ◽

Taiana Kamel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Carbohydrate Counting ◽

Gestational Weight

Aims The aims were to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods by pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) using the carbohydrate counting method, in addition to investigating the association with total gestational weight gain and glycemic control. Methods A cohort study of adult Brazilian pregnant women with pre-existing DM. Dietary intake was evaluated adopting the NOVA classification to identify the reported consumption of ultra-processed foods. Weight was measured at all consultations and laboratory tests were evaluated at each gestational trimester. Multivariate linear regression was used in the analysis. Results Pregnant women (n = 42) presented mean total gestational weight gain of 12.02 ± 4.8 kg, 65.8% of them with inadequate weight gain. Daily consumption of ultra-processed foods was 272.37 ± 170.55 kcal. The increase of every 1 kcal in the calorie intake from ultra-processed foods in the third trimester increased glycated hemoglobin by 0.007% (β = 0.007, p = 0.025), raised 1-h postprandial glucose by 0.14 mg/dL (β = 0.143, p = 0.011), and added 0.11 kg to total gestational weight gain (β = 0.11, p = 0.006). Conclusion Ultra-processed food consumption influenced glycemic control and total gestational weight gain in pregnant women with DM.

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Pregnancy outcomes in women with excessive gestational weight gain in Dschang health district of Cameroon

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20211040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 239

Author(s):

Skinner Lekelem Nguefack ◽

Jackson Jr Ndenkeh ◽

Cavin Bekolo ◽

Bruno Kenfack

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Health District ◽

P Value ◽

Prolonged Labour ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

Background: Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) during pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes for the mother and/or the new-born. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of EGWG as well as its effect on pregnancy outcomes amongst pregnant women at the health district of Dschang in Cameroon. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted from January to June 2019 and targeting all consenting pregnant women in Dschang District Hospital. They were administered a prepared questionnaire followed by their body mass index measurements for times at the beginning and the end of gestation to measure GWG. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of the EGWG to some particular pregnancy outcomes, adjusting for other factors with significance set at 5%. Results: A total of 400 women were included in this study with a mean age of 27±5years, 59.2% being married and 34.8% still being students. Also it was noted that 24.8% of these women were obese while 25.3% had EGWG. Furthermore, EGWG was independently associated to prolonged labour (aOR=2.4; CI: 1.3-4.6; p value=0.007), genital tract laceration (aOR=2.0; CI: 1.0-3.8; p value=0.036) and foetal macrosomia (aOR=7.3; CI: 3.5-15.2; p value<0.001).Conclusions: The prevalence of EGWG was high and it was associated with prolonged labour, genital tract laceration and foetal macrosomia. There is thus the need to improve the awareness of these women on EGWG as well as a constant follow up all through gestational period so as to regulate their GWG. The above measures will help to reduce occurrence of these complications, and consequently reduce maternal and neonatal mortality.

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