Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods by Pregnant Women with Diabetes Mellitus (P11-021-19)

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPF)by pregnant women with previous diabetes mellitus (DM) in use of the method of counting carbohydrates, besides investigating their association with the outcomes of total gestational weight gain and glycemic control. Methods A cohort study developed in a reference maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with adult pregnant women with single fetus, with a diagnosis of DM prior to pregnancy, without other chronic morbidities. Food consumption was assessed by the semi-quantitative frequency of consumption questionnaire in the second and third quarters and the NOVA classification was used to identify the consumed of UPF. Measurements of weight were measured at all consultations and laboratory tests were evaluated at each gestational trimester. The multivariate linear regression was used in the analysis. Results Pregnant women (n = 42) presented mean total gestational gain of 12.02 ± 4.8 kg, 65.8% of them with inadequacy. The daily consumption of UPF was 317.29 ± 187.28 Kcal and 272.37 ± 170.55 Kcal, respectively, representing 16.9 ± 7.7% and 15.2 ± 10% of the average daily energy consumption. The increase of every 1 kcal in the caloric intake from UPF in the third trimester increased the glycated hemoglobin in the third trimester (β = 0.007, P = 0.025), 0.14mg/dL of postprandial 1-hour glycemia in the third trimester (β = 0.143, P = 0.011) and 0.11 kg in the total gestational weight gain (β = 0.11, P = 0.006). No associations were found for ultraprocessed foods consumption in the second trimester. Conclusions Ultraprocessed foods consumption was associated with the gestational endpoints glycemic control and total weight gain. It is necessary to intensify the strategies of orientation and nutritional education for pregnant women with previous DM in use of the method of counting carbohydrates. Funding Sources FAPERJ.

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Effect of ultra-processed foods consumption on glycemic control and gestational weight gain in pregnant with pregestational diabetes mellitus using carbohydrate counting

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10514

Author(s):

Carolina F. M. Silva ◽

Claudia Saunders ◽

Wilza Peres ◽

Bárbara Folino ◽

Taiana Kamel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Carbohydrate Counting ◽

Gestational Weight

Aims The aims were to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods by pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) using the carbohydrate counting method, in addition to investigating the association with total gestational weight gain and glycemic control. Methods A cohort study of adult Brazilian pregnant women with pre-existing DM. Dietary intake was evaluated adopting the NOVA classification to identify the reported consumption of ultra-processed foods. Weight was measured at all consultations and laboratory tests were evaluated at each gestational trimester. Multivariate linear regression was used in the analysis. Results Pregnant women (n = 42) presented mean total gestational weight gain of 12.02 ± 4.8 kg, 65.8% of them with inadequate weight gain. Daily consumption of ultra-processed foods was 272.37 ± 170.55 kcal. The increase of every 1 kcal in the calorie intake from ultra-processed foods in the third trimester increased glycated hemoglobin by 0.007% (β = 0.007, p = 0.025), raised 1-h postprandial glucose by 0.14 mg/dL (β = 0.143, p = 0.011), and added 0.11 kg to total gestational weight gain (β = 0.11, p = 0.006). Conclusion Ultra-processed food consumption influenced glycemic control and total gestational weight gain in pregnant women with DM.

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When and How Should Chinese Pregnant Women Exercise? A Longitudinal Study in China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Mi Xiang ◽

Masayuki Konishi ◽

Huanhuan Hu ◽

Mio Nishimaki ◽

Hyeon-Ki Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Third

This study aimed to examine when and how physical activity (PA) influences gestational weight gain (GWG) and infant birthweight (BW) by considering the PA’s total volume, timing, intensity, and type, controlling for the influence of energy intake. A total of 1272 participants in different stages of pregnancy were recruited from hospital. The associations between PA and GWG or BW in the latter half of pregnancy were significant. Women with the highest PA volume in the third trimester had significantly lower risks of inadequate and excessive GWG by 69% (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.10–0.91) and 67% (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12–0.91), respectively, compared to women in the lowest quartile. Women who achieved the recommended moderate intensity of PA during their second and third trimesters, independent of total volume of PA, had infants with significantly lower BWs compared to those who did not (β = −0.15, SE = 66.33, p = 0.04; β = −0.20, SE = 64.54, p = 0.01, respectively). Therefore, the effects of total volume and intensity of PA on GWG and BW were different. Interventions to prevent inappropriate GWG and macrosomia may need to set different priorities and timing regarding total volume or intensity of PA.

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Factors Associated With Rates of Gestational Weight Gain Among Pregnant Women in West Sumatera, Indonesia

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab046_118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 821-821

Author(s):

Isman Susanto ◽

Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto ◽

Arif Sabta Aji

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

P Value ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Third

Abstract Objectives Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important anthropometric indicator for maternal nutritional status. This study analyzed to determine factors associated with rates of gestational weight gain among women in the third trimester in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy pregnant women in the third trimester in West Sumatera, Indonesia. A total 195 pregnant women attending at each public health center were enrolled in the present study from September 2017 to March 2018. Information regarding demographic characteristics, obstetrical history, physical activity, calorie intake, and anthropometric was assessed through direct interview. GWG rates were determined based on recommendations of Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009. Results Of the 195 pregnant women, more than half of the women were GWG inadequate 53.3%, adequate 34.4%, and excessive 12.3%. Prepregnancy BMI were overweight/obese 43.1%, normal 46.7%, underweight 10.3%. The multinomial logistic model indicates than women who were overweight or obese at pre-pregnancy were 17 times more likely to have excessive GWG rate (p-value < 0.01) as compared to women who were pre-pregnancy normal weight. Conclusions Women who were overweight/obese at pre-pregnancy were at-risk of having excessive GWG rate, which underlines the importance of targeting these women for pre-conception counseling or health education on GWG. Funding Sources Indonesian Danone Institute Foundation.

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Part of the Fat Component in the Structure of Gestational Weight Gain

Galician Medical Journal ◽

10.21802/gmj.2018.1.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Svitlana Ostafiichuk

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Fat Mass ◽

First Trimester ◽

The Body ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Third

Gestational weight gain (GWG), which is more or less of the recommended guidelines, has serious short- and long-term negative consequences for the health of the mother and children. Determining the dynamics of body composition during pregnancy is important for full antenatal care in order to prevent pathological weight gain and prevention of gestational complications.Objective: Our goal was to determine the proportion of fat component in the structure of GWG in women with normal body weight before pregnancy. Design: 153 pregnant women aged 18-43 years with normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) were examined. BMI was calculated by using the standard formula of person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2). Total weight gain was calculated by subtracting the pre-pregnancy weight from the last measured weight before delivery. The body composition (fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and the percentage of fat mass (%FM)) was calculated on the basis of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the ‘DIAMANT-AIST’ analyzer (St. Petersburg). Statistical analyses were carried out using Statistical program "Statistica 5.5".Results: It has been established that in women of normal weight before pregnancy, GWG was directly proportional to an increase in the fraction of FM (r=0.87; p<0.001). In pregnant with the recommended GWG, FM increased monotonous in the first and second trimesters and subsequently stabilized. In patients with insufficient GWG, fat component increased similarly (p>0.05), however, it was accompanied by low growth of the FFM, especially in the third trimester (p<0.05). Pregnant women with excessive GWG were more likely to gain weight in the first trimester mainly due to the accumulation of FM (p<0.05), and this tendency remained until delivery r=0.99 (p<0.01).Conclusion: In women with normal GWG there is a monotonous increase in fat component in the first and second trimesters, and subsequently stabilized, which promotes adequate weight reduction after childbirth. In patients with high GWG, the excessive increase in the proportion of FM and, consequently, a rapid increase in weight in the first trimester of pregnancy, initiates further accumulation of adipose tissue and slows down its reduction in the postpartum period. In pregnant women with low weight gain there is adequate increase of FM but an insufficient increase of FFM, especially in the third trimester, which leads to the development of placental hypoplasia and small-for-gestational age.

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Association of Maternal Serum Zinc, Copper and Magnesium Levels, Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain Patterns With the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Third-trimester Pregnant Women: a Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-262499/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masoomeh Gholizadeh ◽

Tohid Rouzitalab ◽

Saeid Ghavamzadeh ◽

Elnaz Daneshzad

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gestational Weight

Abstract Background: This study sought to evaluate the association between selected micronutrients (zinc, copper, and magnesium), pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight gain during pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus third-trimester pregnant women Urmia, Iran. Methods: This analytic cross-sectional study included 400 pregnant women. The nutritional, demographic, clinical data, and fasting blood samples (selected micronutrients and blood glucose) were evaluated. The data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test, and logistic regression tests. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was 18%. The OR for GDM was (OR: 0.329; 95% CI: 0.156-0.696) in normal-weight compared to mothers who were obese before pregnancy. Normal serum zinc concentration was associated with 0.413-fold lower rates of developing GDM (95% CI: 0.227-0.750). Magnesium supplementation was inversely associated with the risk of GDM (OR: 0.986; 95% CI: 0.979-0.994). Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain was significantly associated with developing GDM in lean and obese women before pregnancy, respectively (p=0.01, p=0.003). Conclusions: Gestational diabetes is highly prevalent in Urmia, and it is likely related to excessive serum zinc concentrations, elevated pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain.

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Gestational weight gain, nutritional status and blood pressure in pregnant women

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000880 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chiara Alzineth Silva Campos ◽

Maira Barreto Malta ◽

Paulo Augusto Ribeiro Neves ◽

Bárbara Hatzlhoffer Lourenço ◽

Marcia C Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Excessive Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Third ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Prevalence Ratios

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether weekly gestational weight gain is associated with anemia, vitamin A insufficiency, and blood pressure levels in the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective study with 457 pregnant women attending primary care in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. The weekly gestational weight gain rate measured between the second and third trimesters was classified as insufficient, adequate, and excessive according to the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine 2009. The outcomes at the beginning of the third gestational trimester were: anemia (Hb < 110 g/L), vitamin A insufficiency (serum retinol<1.05 μmol/L) and blood pressure levels (continuous values, in mmHg). Age-adjusted prevalence ratios, schooling, and use of vitamin and mineral supplements were calculated in Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS: A total of 18.6% of pregnant women had insufficient weekly weight gain, and 59.1% had excessive weight gain. The frequencies of anemia, vitamin A insufficiency and hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg) were 17.5%, 13.4%, and 0.6%, respectively. The prevalence ratios for anemia among pregnant women with insufficient and excessive weight gain were 0.41 (95%CI 0.18–0.93) and 1.00 (95%CI 0.63–1.59), respectively, when compared to pregnant women with adequate weight gain. For vitamin A insufficiency, the adjusted prevalence ratio was significantly higher among pregnant women with insufficient weight gain (2.85, 95%CI 1.55–5.24) and no difference for excessive weight gain (1.53, 95%CI 0.84–2.74) when compared to pregnant women with adequate weight gain. Pregnant women with excessive weight gain had higher mean systolic blood pressure (111.10; 95%CI 109.9–112.2) when compared to pregnant women with insufficient weight gain (107.50; 95%CI 105.4–109.6) and adequate (106.20; 95%CI 104.3–108.20). CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient weekly gestational weight gain was associated with the risk of vitamin A insufficiency. Excessive weight gain, in turn, was associated with higher blood pressure values at the beginning of the third gestational trimester.

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Association between pre‐pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Journal of Diabetes Investigation ◽

10.1111/jdi.13723 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshihiro Saito ◽

Sumitaka Kobayashi ◽

Atsuko Ikeda‐Araki ◽

Sachiko Ito ◽

Chihiro Miyashita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Body Mass ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Gestational Weight

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Diet Quality Indices and Physical Activity Levels Associated with Adequacy of Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1842

Author(s):

Vanessa Averof Honorato de Almeida ◽

Rafaela Alkmin da Costa ◽

Cristiane de Freitas Paganoti ◽

Fernanda Cristina Mikami ◽

Ana Maria da Silva Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Gestational Weight

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Diet Quality Index (DQI) and the Physical Activity (PA) levels associated with adequacy of gestational weight gain in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 172 pregnant women with a single fetus and a diagnosis of GDM participated. Food intake was self-reported on the food frequency questionnaire and DQI was quantified using the index validated and revised for Brazil (DQI-R). To assess PA, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered. Gestational weight gain was classified, following the criteria of the Institute of Medicine, into adequate (AWG), insufficient (IWG), or excessive (EWG) weight gain. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed, with level of significance <0.05. The participants were divided into 3 groups: AWG (33.1%), IWG (27.3%), and EWG (39.5%). The analysis indicated that if the pregnant women PA fell into tertile 1 or 2, then they had a greater chance of having IWG, whereas those with the lowest scores on the DQI-R, whose PA fell into tertile 2, and pregestational obesity women had the greatest chance of having EWG. This study has shown that low PA levels may contribute towards IWG. On the other hand, a low final DQI-R score, representing inadequate food habits, low PA levels, and pregestational obesity may increase the chance of EWG in patients with GDM.

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