scholarly journals Exploring the Viability of Exogenous Ketones as Weight Loss Supplements (P21-017-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Poff ◽  
Andrew Koutnik ◽  
Sara Moss ◽  
Sahith Mandala ◽  
Dominic D'Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Main Strategy

Abstract Objectives 70.7% of Americans over 20 years of age are overweight or obese. Currently, the main strategy for weight loss is caloric restriction. Ketone bodies have been shown to facilitate voluntary caloric restriction through altering the appetite stimulating hormone ghrelin. However, these non-toxic ketone bodies have not been evaluated as weight loss supplements. C57BL6J mice were used to determine the weight loss efficacy of exogenous ketones by adding synthetic (R/S 1,3-Butanediol Acetoacetate Diester and 1,3-Butanediol) and natural (Beta-hydroxybutyrate and Beta-hydroxybutyrate + Medium Chain Triglycerides) ketogenic agents to standard rodent chow ab-libitum. Methods Six groups (R/S 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester, 1,3-butanediol, beta-hydroxybutyrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate + medium chain triglycerides, caloric restriction, standard diet ad-libitum) were housed 2–5 animals per cage and monitored to ensure appropriate acclimation prior to intervention. Mice were treated for two weeks with ketogenic agents, adjusting % of agent daily to ensure 20% weight loss was achieved. Results All ketogenic agents induced weight loss and voluntary caloric restriction. Weight loss for beta-hydroxybutyrate and beta-hydroxybutyrate + medium chain triglycerides was explained by caloric restriction alone. However, R/S 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester induced weight loss at lower dosages which could not be explained by caloric restriction alone. Conclusions Taken together, all ketogenic agents may assist in weight loss. However, R/S 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester appears to be a more potent non-toxic ketogenic supplement that facilitates weight loss via both voluntary caloric restriction and caloric restriction-independent mechanisms. Future studies should explore caloric-restriction independent weight loss mechanisms of R/S 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester. Funding Sources Disruptive Nutrition.

Effects of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and long- and medium-chain triglycerides on leucine metabolism in humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. E268-E274 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Beaufrere ◽  
D. Chassard ◽  
C. Broussolle ◽  
J. P. Riou ◽  
M. Beylot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Leucine Metabolism ◽  
Protein Sparing ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Long Chain

Ketone bodies and/or fatty acids might play a protein-sparing role during prolonged fasting or parenteral nutrition. To assess this problem, we studied whole body leucine metabolism, using L-[1-13C]leucine in normal postabsorptive volunteers who received either long-chain triglycerides (LCT, 0.15 g.kg-1.h-1, 6 subjects), a 50-50 mixture of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and LCT (0.15 g.kg-1.h-1, 6 subjects), D-beta-hydroxybutyrate (540 mumol.kg-1.h-1, 6 subjects), or saline (4 subjects). Leucine concentration decreased only with MCT-LCT. Leucine flux decreased by 10-20% from basal in all groups. Leucine oxidation, which was corrected for the contribution to 13CO2 of the 13C natural abundance of the infused substrates, decreased during LCT infusion (0.31 +/- 0.02 to 0.24 +/- 0.01 mumol.kg-1.min-1, P less than 0.01), but was unaffected by MCT-LCT (despite plasma free fatty acid levels similar to those obtained with LCT), D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, or saline infusion. Therefore, 1) the effect of fatty acids on amino acid oxidation is not mediated by ketone bodies, 2) it depends on the fatty acid chain length, 3) long-chain fatty acids but not medium-chain fatty acids could play a protein-sparing role during parenteral nutrition.

scholarly journals The Effect of Medium Chain Triglycerides on Time to Nutritional Ketosis and Symptoms of Keto-Induction in Healthy Adults: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff J. d C. Harvey ◽  
Grant M. Schofield ◽  
Micalla Williden ◽  
Joseph A. McQuillan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are ketogenic and might reduce adverse effects of keto-induction and improve time to ketosis and the tolerability of very low carbohydrate diets. This study investigates whether MCT supplementation improves time to nutritional ketosis (NK), mood, and symptoms of keto-induction. We compared changes in beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB), blood glucose, symptoms of keto-induction, and mood disturbance, in 28 healthy adults prescribed a ketogenic diet, randomised to receive either 30 ml of MCT, or sunflower oil as a control, three times per day, for 20 days. The primary outcome measured was the achievement of NK (≥0.5 mmol·L−1 BOHB). Participants also completed a daily Profile of Mood States and keto-induction symptom questionnaire. MCT resulted in higher BOHB at all time points and faster time to NK, a result that failed to reach significance. Symptoms of keto-induction resulted from both diets, with a greater magnitude in the control group, except for abdominal pain, which occurred with greater frequency and severity in the MCT-supplemented diet. There was a possibly beneficial effect on symptoms by MCT, but the effect on mood was unclear. Based on these results, MCTs increase BOHB compared with LCT and reduce symptoms of keto-induction. It is unclear whether MCTs significantly improve mood or time to NK. The trial was registered by the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12616001099415.

Glucose and Ketone Metabolism in the Aging Brain

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Cunnane ◽  
Alexandre Courchesne-Loyer ◽  
Valerie St-Pierre ◽  
Camille Vandenberghe ◽  
Etienne Croteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Acute Dependence ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
The Brain

Brain glucose uptake is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A key question is whether cognitive decline could be delayed if this defect were at least partly corrected or bypassed. Ketones (or ketone bodies) such as beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are the brain’s main alternative fuels. Several studies have shown that in mild-to-moderate AD, brain ketone uptake is similar to that of healthy age-matched controls. Published clinical trials show that increasing ketone availability to the brain via nutritional ketosis has modest benefits on cognitive outcomes in mild-to-moderate AD and in mild cognitive impairment. Nutritional ketosis can be safely achieved by a high-fat ketogenic diet or supplements providing medium chain triglycerides. Given the acute dependence of the brain on its energy supply and the ineffectiveness of current therapeutic strategies for AD consideration be given to correcting the underlying problem of deteriorating brain fuel supply during aging.

scholarly journals 1562 MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES IN FORMULAS AND PLASMA KETONE BODIES IN PRETERM INFANTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 371A-371A
Author(s):  
Paul Y K Wu ◽  
John Edmond ◽  
Nancy Auestad ◽  
Savitri Rambatla
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain

scholarly journals Short-Term Influence of Caffeine and Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Ketogenesis: A Controlled Double-Blind Intervention Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anna Baumeister ◽  
Joachim Gardemann ◽  
Manfred Fobker ◽  
Verena Spiegler ◽  
Tobias Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee

Background. Ketone bodies are a highly relevant topic in nutrition and medicine. The influence of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on ketogenesis is well known and has been successfully used in ketogenic diets for many years. Nevertheless, the effects of MCTs and coconut oil on the production of ketone bodies have only partially been investigated. Furthermore, the increased mobilisation of free fatty acids and release of catabolic hormones by caffeine suggest an influence of caffeine on ketogenesis. Methods. In a controlled, double-blind intervention study, seven young healthy subjects received 10 mL of tricaprylin (C8), tricaprin (C10), C8/C10 (50% C8, 50% C10), or coconut oil with or without 150 mg of caffeine, in 250 mL of decaffeinated coffee, over ten interventions. At baseline and after every 40 minutes, for 4 h, ßHB and glucose in capillary blood as well as caffeine in saliva were measured. Furthermore, questionnaires were used to survey sensory properties, side effects, and awareness of hunger and satiety. Results. The interventions with caffeine caused an increase in ßHB levels—in particular, the interventions with C8 highly impacted ketogenesis. The effect decreased with increased chain lengths. All interventions showed a continuous increase in hunger and diminishing satiety. Mild side effects (total = 12) occurred during the interventions. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated an influence of caffeine and MCT on ketogenesis. The addition of caffeine showed an additive effect on the ketogenic potential of MCT and coconut oil. C8 showed the highest ketogenicity.

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