scholarly journals Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form : Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh (P24-047-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Jungjohann ◽  
Gulshan Ara ◽  
Catia Pedro ◽  
Mansura Khanam ◽  
Valerie Friesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Bulk Oil ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Oil Type ◽  
Composite Samples

Abstract Objectives Mandatory fortification of oil with vitamin A has been identified as a key strategy to address prevalent micronutrient deficiency in the Bangladesh population. However, the effectiveness of fortification can be compromised by sub optimal compliance to standards. This study assessed (1) the availability of oil brands across the 8 divisions of Bangladesh and (2) fortification quality (extent to which levels of fortification are aligned with oil standards) of oil brands and producers. Methods Between March and June 2017, we visited different retail outlets in markets of rural and urban market hubs in all divisions of Bangladesh to ascertain available oil brands and bulk oil types. 12 oil samples were collected from different batches of the main packaged oil brands and each unpackaged oil type sold in bulk/loose by division. Composite samples were prepared by bulk oil type per division or by brand and the average vitamin A content was quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and compared to the national oil fortification standards. Results We identified 3 oil types (palm, soybean, super palm oil) sold in bulk and 97 packaged brands available in Bangladesh. Dhaka had the largest variety of available brands (46), and Khulna and Rangpur divisions the lowest (19). Fortified oil was available in all divisions of Bangladesh. Of the 66 packaged brands analysed, 40 brands were fortified (61%) and 28 of these above the standard minimum. Of the 41 bulk oil composite samples, 59% were not fortified, 34% were fortified below and only 7% above the standard vitamin A minimum. Conclusions While fortified oil was available in all divisions and most of the packaged oil in Bangladesh was fortified, this study revealed important differences in fortification quality between packaged/branded and unpackaged/bulk oil. Of concern, unbranded loose oil is likely predominantly purchased by low-income consumers, due to the lower price and ability to purchase in small quantities. In addition to the poor performance outcomes observed in bulk oil, the lack of a labelling system and therefore traceability means that there is no way to guarantee that the oil is authentic, of good quality and safe. Regulatory inspections of producers selling bulk oil should be prioritized to support them to make all oil traceable and fortified according to standard. Funding Sources Government of the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Vitamin A Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form: Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Svenja M. Jungjohann ◽  
Gulshan Ara ◽  
Catia Pedro ◽  
Valerie M. Friesen ◽  
Mansura Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Standard Requirement ◽  
Bulk Oil ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Urban Market ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Market Volume

Although mandatory fortification of oil with vitamin A is efficacious, its effectiveness can be compromised by suboptimal compliance to standards. In this study, we assessed (1) the availability of oil brands across the eight divisions of Bangladesh, (2) fortification quality (the extent to which vitamin A content is aligned with fortification standards) of oil brands and producers and (3) the market volume represented by available edible oil types. We visited different retail outlets in rural and urban market hubs to ascertain available oil brands and bulk oil types and collected samples. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to quantify average vitamin A content and compared them to the national oil fortification standards. Among the 66 packaged brands analyzed, 26 (39%) were not fortified, and 40 (61%) were fortified, with 28 (42%) fortified above the standard vitamin A minimum. Among the 41 bulk oil type composites analyzed, 24 (59%) were not fortified, and 17 (41%) were fortified, with 14 (34%) fortified below and 3 (7%) fortified above the standard minimum. Vitamin A fortification is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form. As bulk oil makes up a large proportion of the oil market volume, this means the majority of the oil volume available to the population is either not (25%) or fortified below the standard requirement (39%). Regulatory inspections of producers selling bulk oil should be prioritized to support and incentivize the industry to make all oil traceable and fortified to standard.

Quantification of Vitamin A in Fortified Rapeseed, Groundnut and Soya Oils Using a Simple Portable Device: Comparison to High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Renaud ◽  
Jacques Berger ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Sylvie Avallone
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Assay Precision

Vitamin A deficiency is still one of the major public health problems in least developed countries. Fortification of vegetable oils is a strategy implemented worldwide to prevent this deficiency. For a fortification program to be effective, regular monitoring is necessary to control food quality in the producing units. The reference methods for vitamin A quantification are expensive and time-consuming. A rapid method should be useful for regular assessment of vitamin A in the oil industry. A portable device was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for three plant oils (rapeseed, groundnut, and soya). The device presented a good linearity from 3 to 30 mg retinol equivalents per kg (mg RE.kg- 1). Its limits of detection and quantification were 3 mg RE.kg- 1 for groundnut and rapeseed oils and 4 mg RE.kg- 1 for soya oil. The intra-assay precision ranged from 1.48 % to 3.98 %, considered satisfactory. Accuracy estimated by the root mean squares error ranged from 3.99 to 5.49 and revealed a lower precision than HPLC (0.4 to 2.25). Although it offers less precision than HPLC, the device estimates quickly the vitamin A content of the tested oils from 3 or 4 to 15 mg RE.kg- 1.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

https://imsciences.edu.pk/files/journals/vol12_2/New%201%20MA.864.pdf

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Siddique ◽  
Shandana Shoaib ◽  
Zahoor Jan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Relational Coordination ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

A key aspect of work processes in service sector firms is the interconnection between tasks and performance. Relational coordination can play an important role in addressing the issues of coordinating organizational activities due to high level of interdependence complexity in service sector firms. Research has primarily supported the aspect that well devised high performance work systems (HPWS) can intensify organizational performance. There is a growing debate, however, with regard to understanding the “mechanism” linking HPWS and performance outcomes. Using relational coordination theory, this study examines a model that examine the effects of subsets of HPWS, such as motivation, skills and opportunity enhancing HR practices on relational coordination among employees working in reciprocal interdependent job settings. Data were gathered from multiple sources including managers and employees at individual, functional and unit levels to know their understanding in relation to HPWS and relational coordination (RC) in 218 bank branches in Pakistan. Data analysis via structural equation modelling, results suggest that HPWS predicted RC among officers at the unit level. The findings of the study have contributions to both, theory and practice.

scholarly journals Examine the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 263355652110281
Author(s):  
John S. Moin ◽  
Richard H. Glazier ◽  
Kerry Kuluski ◽  
Alex Kiss ◽  
Ross E.G. Upshur
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Indicator Framework

Background: Multimorbidity, often defined as having two or more chronic conditions is a global phenomenon. This study examined the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings. The prevalence of individual diseases was also investigated by age and sex. Methods: The Canada Community Health Survey and linked health administrative databases were used to examine the association between multimorbidity, sociodemographic, behavioral, and other risk factors in the province of Ontario. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to conduct the main analysis. Results: Analyses were stratified by age (20–64 and 65–95) and area of residence (rural and urban). A total sample of n = 174,938 residents between the ages of 20–95 were examined in the Ontario province, of which 18.2% (n = 31,896) were multimorbid with 2 chronic conditions, and 23.4% (n = 40,883) with 3+ chronic conditions. Females had a higher prevalence of 2 conditions (17.9% versus 14.6%) and 3+ conditions (19.7% vs. 15.6%) relative to males. Out of all examined variables, poor self-perception of health, age, Body Mass Index, and income were most significantly associated with multimorbidity. Smoking was a significant risk factor in urban settings but not rural, while drinking was significant in rural and not urban settings. Income inequality was associated with multimorbidity with greater magnitude in rural areas. Prevalence of multimorbidity and having three or more chronic conditions were highest among low-income populations. Conclusion: Interventions targeting population weight, age/sex specific disease burdens, and additional focus on stable income are encouraged.

Tingginya tingkat konsumsi minyak goreng oleh Masyarakat Indonesia menjadikan minyak goreng digunakan sebagai food vehiclepada program fortifikasi vitamin A.Program tersebut dilakukan untuk mengatasi Kekurangan vitamin A (KVA). KVAsangat mempengaruhi kela

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LILY RESTUSARI ◽  
SRI WIDIA NINGSIH ◽  
YULIANA ARSIL
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance

Tingginya tingkat konsumsi minyak goreng oleh Masyarakat Indonesia menjadikan minyak goreng digunakan sebagai food vehiclepada program fortifikasi vitamin A.Program tersebut dilakukan untuk mengatasi Kekurangan vitamin A (KVA). KVAsangat mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup anak dan standar upaya penyelamatan proses kehamilan dan persalinan. Namun pemanasan yang terjadi selama proses penggorenganpada minyak dapatmerusak jumlah vitamin A yang difortifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan nilai retensi vitamin A di dalam kentang yang digoreng dengan menggunakan minyak goreng curah dan minyak goreng kemasan fortifikasi dengan pengaruh suhu dan waktu penggorengan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental disain rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor, suhu (140dan 170oC) dan waktu penggorengan (10 dan 15 menit) tanpa pengulangan.Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah kentang beku, minyak goreng curah dan minyak goreng kemasan fortifikasi.Nilai retensi vitamin A kentang dan minyak goreng diukur dengan menggunakan metode High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Analisis perbedaan dan interaksi variabel diolah dengan ANOVA dua arah. Berdasarkan luas area puncak vitamin A pada kromatogram sebelum dan setelah penggorengan, ditemukan kecenderungan penurunan persentase retensi vitamin A dari minyak goreng kemasan fortifikasi dibandingkan minyak goreng curah.Nilai retensi vitamin A pada kentang yang digoreng dengan minyak goreng curah adalah 217-251%,sedangkan retensivitamin A kentang yang digoreng dengan minyak goreng kemasan fortifikasi adalah 48-131%. Analisis ANOVA dua arah tanpa pengulangan untuk persen retensi vitamin A menunjukkan bahwa (p<0,05) variabel jenis minyak goreng berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap retensi vitamin A. Retensi vitamin A pada kentang goreng yang digoreng dengan minyak goreng curah jauh lebih tinggi dibanding minyak goreng kemasan fortifikasi

Vitamin A deficiency enhances ozone-induced lung injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. L475-L482 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Paquette ◽  
L. Y. Zhang ◽  
W. A. Ellis ◽  
A. L. Scott ◽  
S. R. Kleeberger
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Differential Cell Count ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

The present study determined the effects of vitamin A (vA) deficiency on the responses to ozone (O3) challenges in two inbred strains of mice that are differentially susceptible to O3-induced lung inflammation. Susceptible C57BL/6J (B6) and resistant C3H/HeJ (C3) dams at 2 wk gestation were fed test diets containing either 0 or 10 micrograms retinol/g diet. In mice that were maintained on vA-sufficient (vA+) diet, lung and liver tissue concentrations of vA and retinyl palmitate (RP) were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the B6 strain compared with C3, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. vA and RP levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in lung and liver tissues of 8-wk old B6 and C3 mice that were maintained on a vA deficient (vA-) diet. vA+ and vA- mice of both strains were exposed to air or 0.3 ppm O3/72 h, and lung injury was assessed by differential cell count and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) returns. O3 exposure caused significantly (P<0.05) greater increases in inflammatory cells and a total protein in BAL returns of vA+ B6 mice than vA+ C3 mice. vA deficiency significantly (P<0.05) enhanced O3-induced increases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in C3 mice and epithelial cells loss in both strains. Compared with vA+ mice, lung permeability was also significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in vA- mice of both strains exposed to O3. vA replacement partially reversed the O3-induced lung injury that was enhanced by vA- diet. Results indicate that vA may have an important role in the pathogenesis of O3-induced lung injury in differentially susceptible inbred strains of mice.

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