scholarly journals Factors Associated with Stunting of Under Five-year Children: Findings from Panel Surveys in Mountains, Dry Zone and Delta Regions of Rural Myanmar (2016–17) (P04-039-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyaw Htet ◽  
Michael Dibley ◽  
Anu Rammohan ◽  
Mark Vicol ◽  
Bill Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Household Food

Abstract Objectives This study investigates the role of food security, agriculture, dietary diversity, and socio-demographic factors on stunting of under-five children in 3 different ecological zones in Myanmar using panel survey data. Methods We conducted 2 repeated cross-sectional surveys among the same households in mountain, plain and delta areas of rural areas of Myanmar. We purposely selected two adjacent townships in each zone and from each township we randomly selected 20 villages proportionate to population size sampling. We then randomly selected 30 households in each village to achieve 1200 households with under 5-year children per state. We recruited 3231 households in the first survey in early 2016 and revisited the same households in late 2017 to assess seasonal variations. In each survey, we collected data on access to land for agriculture, home gardens, agricultural assets, types of crops, household assets, household dietary diversity, and household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS), as well as anthropometry from under 5 children. We used an app to collect data in both surveys electronically. We constructed village level scores for agricultural diversity and transportation. To assess risk factors we used multilevel logistic regression to adjust for survey design and within-person correlation from repeated surveys. Results We visited 90.4% of households in the second survey (N = 2921). A total of 2049 under 5 children participated in the first survey and 1696 in the second. The % of households that were food secure and had dietary diversity > = 5 increased in the second survey but the overall prevalence of stunting increased from 40.4% to 42.0% with highest stunting prevalence in Chin state (62.4%). Univariate analysis showed owning agricultural land > 2 acres, high village-average transportation score, household food insecurity and maternal height were associated with stunting. Multilevel mixed logistic regression showed maternal height, child age, wealth and transportation score were key determinants for stunting - Table 4. Conclusions The level of child stunting was high, especially in Chin state which had the highest levels of food insecurity. Food security is a problem in rural Myanmar but transportation was a significant risk factor that is commonly overlooked in nutrition interventions. Funding Sources Australian Research Council DP150102053. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Rural and Urban Differences in Household Food Insecurity and Diet Diversity of Preschool Children (PSC) in Occidental Mindoro

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Leonard G. Dela Luna ◽  
Ernani R. Bullecer
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Rural And Urban

Objective. Rural and urban differences affect food availability, accessibility, and sustainability; thus, it has a greatimpact on household food security and dietary diversity. The relationship between the human environment andother factors threatens different domains of food systems resulting in food security. The objective of this study isto determine significant differences between the prevalence of household food security and diet diversity betweenurban and rural communities in Occidental Mindoro. Specifically, to determine the pattern of usual food intake ofpreschool children between rural and urban communities Methods. This study utilized a comparative, cross-sectional, analytic study design in order to determine theprevalence of each variable of interest in the two study areas. Radimer-Cornell Tool was utilized to assess the foodsecurity status of the household while the FAO-Dietary Diversity Score Questionnaire was used to the diversityof diet among PSC. A total of 480 (rural: n=240; urban: n=240) preschool children were recruited to participatein this study. Ratio and proportion using the point and interval estimate were used to determine the prevalencein different areas, meanwhile, chi-square of homogeneity was used to determine significant difference in the twoareas under study. Results. Food insecurity in rural communities was found to be at 56.25% (95% CI: 49.97% to 62.53%) while theprevalence in urban communities was 45.83% (95% CI: 39.53% to 52.14%). There was a significant differencein the prevalence of household food insecurity between rural and urban communities (p=0.0224). Meanwhile,the prevalence of less dietary diversity among preschool children in rural communities was 37.08% (95%: 30.97%to 43.19%) and 26.25% (CI: 20.68% to 31.82%) for urban communities. There was a significant differencein prevalence of low dietary diversity score among preschool children between rural and urban communities(p=0.0107). Conclusion. There were significant differences in terms of household food insecurity and less diverse dietbetween two community settings. Higher prevalence in rural areas signifies that there is a need to prioritize thesevulnerable communities in terms of hunger mitigation and nutrition programs. A combination of milk-rice-meat-fishwas observed in the diet of preschool children for both communities however, higher prevalence of less dietarydiversity was detected among rural communities.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity Is Not Related to Cognitive Function in School-Aged Children in Querétaro, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 188-188
Author(s):  
Olga Garcia ◽  
Karina Miranda ◽  
Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez ◽  
Jorge Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Household Food

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the relationship between household food insecurity and food insecurity of the mothers during her childhood with cognitive function in school children in Querétaro. Methods A total of 153 children (6–10 y) of public elementary schools in the municipality of Querétaro participated in a cross-sectional study. Household food insecurity was measured using the ELCSA (Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale) and a validated questionnaire to measure food insecurity of the mother during her childhood. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) were taken by standardized personnel and the WISC IV scale adapted to children for the determination of cognitive function was applied by trained psychologists. Statistical ANOVA tests were used to determine mean differences in cognitive function between children with and without food insecurity. A logistic regression was also calculated to determine the odds of having low cognitive function in the presence of food insecurity, both at the household level and of the mother during her childhood. All analyses were adjusted for maternal level of education as a confounder. Results The children had a combined prevalence of overweight and obesity of 39.9%. A total of 54.3% of the households had food insecurity and 80.4% of the mothers had food insecurity in their childhood. The prevalence of the average score of the Total Intelligence Quotient (TIQ) of the children was 52.3%, and 38.2% had TIQ below average. Children living in households with food insecurity and with mothers that had food insecurity in their past had lower TIQ (89.08 ± 8.23, and, 91.87 ± 11.18, respectively) compared with children in food secure households (95.39 ± 12.20) and with mothers that had food security in their childhood (96.87 ± 12.03). However, after adjusting for maternal level of education, no relationship was observed between food insecurity and TIQ. Similarly, the adjusted logistic regression model showed no relationship between food insecurity in the household and mother's food insecurity in the past with TIQ. Conclusions In the present study, food insecurity was not related to cognitive function of school-aged children in Querétaro, Mexico. Funding Sources Partially funded by CONACYT.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity is associated with depressive symptoms: results from a Mexican population-based survey

Food Security ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Kolovos ◽  
Gerardo A Zavala ◽  
Anne Sophie Leijen ◽  
Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez ◽  
Maurits van Tulder
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

AbstractThe objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between food insecurity and depression in the Mexican population. We used data from the 2012 health and nutrition survey (ENSANUT), which is representative of the Mexican population. Food insecurity was determined by the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Short-Form (CES-D-SF). Adjusted logistic regression analyses and ANCOVA were used. Out of 33,011 participants, 5788 (18%) had high depressive symptoms and 24,098 (73%) experienced food insecurity. The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that, participants with mild food insecurity, (OR = 1.47,95% CI = 1.27 to 1.71), moderate food insecurity (OR = 2.14,95% CI = 1.85 to 2.47) and severe food insecurity (OR = 3.01,95% CI = 2.51 to 3.60,) were more likely to have high depressive symptoms than food secure participants. Participants with moderate food insecurity (OR =1.45, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.64) and severe food insecurity (OR =2.04, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.37) were more likely to suffer from depression as compared to participants with mild food insecurity. Participants with severe food insecurity were more likely (OR=1.41, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.65) to suffer from depression compared to participants with moderate food insecurity. This paper provides an overview of the complex problem of food insecurity and mental health. Despite the unknown causality, the analysis suggests a strong association between depression and food insecurity. This problem calls for much more attention from the scientific community. Given the high prevalence of depression and the high prevalence of household food insecurity in Mexico, the implementation of successful public health programs to improve food security is necessary.

scholarly journals Household Food Insecurity and Unavailability of Toilet Facility Contribute to Adverse Health Outcomes of Under-five Children in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashraful Islam ◽  
Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Md. Fakhar Uddin ◽  
Md. Tariqujjaman ◽  
Gobinda Karmakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Toilet Facility

Abstract BackgroundDespite recent progress in rural economic development and food production, the prevalence of household food insecurity (FI) and use of unimproved toilet facilities are widespread in Bangladesh. Limited studies have sought to understand the relationship of household FI and sanitation, separately and in combination, with child morbidity. This paper aimed to assess the effect of FI and unimproved toilet facility of households on adverse health outcomes of children less than five years of age in Bangladesh.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional survey that was conducted as part of an evaluation of the Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN) Program in Bangladesh. The study population included children aged 6-59 months and their caregivers, identified using a two-stage cluster-sampling procedure. Child morbidity status was the outcome variable, and household FI status and type of toilet used were considered the main exposure variables in this study. We performed logistic regression, calculated adjusted odds ratios (AOR) to assess the association of child morbidity with household FI and unimproved toilet facility after adjusting for potential confounders. ResultsA total of 1,728 households were eligible for this analysis. About 23% of the households were food-insecure, and a large number of households had improved toilet facilities (93.4%). In the multivariable logistic regression model, we found that children in food-insecure households with unimproved toilet facility had 5.88 (AOR: 5.88; 95% CI 2.52, 13.70) times more chance, of being morbid compared to the children of food-secure households with improved toilet facility. A similar association of FI and toilet facilities with each of the morbidity components was observed, including diarrhea (AOR:3.6; 95% CI 1.79, 7.89), fever (AOR:3.47; 95% CI 1.72, 6.99), difficult or fast breathing with cough (AOR:3.88; 95% CI 1.99, 7.59), and difficult or fast breathing with blocked or running nose (AOR:1.29; 95% CI 0.56, 2.95).ConclusionsOur study shows that household FI and unimproved toilet facility jointly have more deteriorative effects on child morbidity than either of these conditions alone. Therefore, it is important to consider these two critical factors while designing a public health intervention for reducing morbidity among under-five children.

scholarly journals IS THERE AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FOOD INSECURITY AND DIETARY DIVERSITY AMONG SENIORS IN LUBBOCK?

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
W.H. Oldewage-Theron ◽  
B.A.Z. Abu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status

Objectives: To determine household food insecurity and dietary diversity (DD) among seniors in Lubbock, Texas and examine the relationships between food security status and DD. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Setting: Lubbock, Texas. Participants: 200 seniors (≥ 50 years) randomly selected from seven senior centers and Meals on Wheels. Measurements: Socio-demographic and economic questionnaire, the validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for food security and coping strategies, the validated DD scale for measuring the minimum DD for women (MDD-W), and weight and height measurements. P<0.05 considered significant was used for all statistical analyses. Results: The majority of the respondents (59.8%) were categorized as food secure. No significant relationships were observed between DD and HFIAS. The linear regression analysis carried out on the socio-demographic predictors of food security showed that age, household income and money spent on food per month were predictors of food security (R2= 0.233; p<0.000; SEE=4.462). The number of people in the household was the only predictor for DD score (R2= 0.028; p<0.000; SEE=1.929). Conclusions: This study showed a serious problem of household food insecurity among seniors in Lubbock, Texas affecting 40% of seniors. The results provide some of the first insights into seniors’ food security status and DD. No relationship could be established between food security status and DD in this study. Only household size was a predictor for DD in this study and further research is needed to determine quantity of dietary intakes and factors influencing the dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity and association with sociodemographic factors in Abidjan

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sackou Kouakou ◽  
Y H Lobilé ◽  
K L Kouadio Kouakou
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food

Abstract Background Surveys in Côte d'Ivoire have shown an increase in food insecurity. In rural areas, it rose from 12.6% in 2009 to 20% in 2013. The situation was even more serious in urban areas, with 71% of households experiencing food insecurity. In peri-urban areas resulting from inappropriate urbanization, the food security situation may present others specificities compared to the urban area. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the present situation of food security in a peri-urban neighborhood in Abidjan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 648 households in April 2019. A structured interview was conducted. The questionnaire included households'sociodemographic characteristics on one side and measures of three food access indicators on the other. Those indicators were household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS), household dietary diversity score (HDDS) and household food consumption score (HFCS). Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi square test. Results Cereals and tubers were the most consumed foods 91.2% and 59.3% respectively. Few households consumed dairy products (1.4%), fruit (2%) and vegetables (7.9%). HFCS was adequate at 99.2% and HDDS was high in 44.2% of households. Only 3.8% of households were food secure. HFCS was related to the household head's age (p = 0.04). HDDS was associated with the sex and marital status of the household's head (respectively p = 0.019 and p &lt; 0.001) while education levels and marital status were related to severe food insecurity (HFIAS) (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005 respectively). Conclusions Our results highlight that some sociodemographic factors are related with the food security. Therefore, policymakers, producers and consumers should work together to better understand food access in periruban area and to help improve the food environment in ivorian cities. Key messages People in Abidjan still lack dietary diversification and experience food insecurity. It is important to work on factors such as education level to improve food security.

scholarly journals Maternal Social Support Is Associated with Child Complementary Feeding, and Household Food Security in the Vakinankaratra Region, Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 855-855
Author(s):  
Joel Komakech ◽  
Hasina Rakotomanana ◽  
Christine Walters ◽  
Deana Hildebrand ◽  
Barbara Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Maternal Social Support

Abstract Objectives There is limited research on the associations between maternal social support and household food security and child feeding practices in Madagascar. Our study examined the association between maternal social support, household food security, and feeding practices among mothers of children 6 - 24 months in the Vakinankaratra region, Madagascar. Methods This cross-sectional study included 344 mother-child dyads. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Index was used for maternal social support scores. A mean score of &gt;4 was considered optimal social support with ≤2 as none or little support. Food insecurity scores were determined using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Complementary feeding practices were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) IYCF guidelines. Logistic and linear regression models tested the association between social support, complementary feeding practices, and household food insecurity. The models were adjusted for household, maternal and child confounders. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results Almost half of the mothers (49.1%) were supported by their spouses, although only 37.8% of mothers had optimal social support. Less than half of infants (36.34%) met minimum dietary diversity (≥4 of 7 food groups). Mothers with optimal social support had lower household food insecurity (b = −0.85, P = 0.016, R,2 = 0.10) in the adjusted models. Furthermore, children of mothers with higher social support were more likely to meet minimum dietary diversity scores (AOR = 2.36 [1.21–4.56], P = 0.021) and to achieve the minimum adequate diet (AOR = 2.32 [1.17–4.61], P = 0.018). Although maternal social support was significantly associated with child minimum meal frequency in the bivariate analysis, it became nonsignificant in the final adjusted model (AOR = 1.70 [0.93–3.11], P = 0.387). Conclusions Increased maternal social support was significantly associated with household food security, child dietary diversity, and diet adequacy. Integrating parental peer support in nutrition interventions may be effective in improving food security, and child feeding practices in the Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar. Funding Sources This study was funded by Oklahoma State University.

Dietary Diversity May Play A Mediatory Role on the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status among Children Aged 24-59 Months

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food

Background: Consuming scarce and poorly diversified diet, along with inadequate breastfeeding, contribute seriously to the complete scope of child undernutrition like stunting, wasting, underweight and micronutrient deficiency. Objective: To determine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status among children aged 24 to 59 months in Haromaya district, Ethiopia. Methods: Children aged 24-59 months (N= 453) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households selected by a multistage sampling procedure in Haromaya district. Anthropometry and 24hr dietary recall were administered. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to select variables that are candidate for multivariable model. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the mediatory effect of DDS on the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and child nutritional status. Results: The mean DDS was 3.62 (SD 1.09), and 50% of the children indicated poor and average DDS with only 20% children in very good DDS. By logistic regression analysis and after adjusting for the confounding factors, poor DDS was highly significant predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight (AOR = 4.09, C.I = 1.31 - 12.76, p = .01), (AOR = 2.28, C.I = 1.11 - 4.69, p = .03) and (AOR = 2.48, C.I = 1.17 - 5.24, p = .02) respectively. HFI had a significant direct effect on wasting though no significant indirect effect on wasting through mediation variable, DDS, (β1 reduced from 0.06 (S.E. = 0.027, p < .05) to 0.05 (S.E. = 0.028, p > .05). Conclusion: Poor DDS was a predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight. Additionally, DDS had a role in the association between HFI and nutritional status.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity May Play A Mediatory Role on the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status among Children Aged 24-59 Months

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food

Background: Consuming scarce and poorly diversified diet, along with inadequate breastfeeding, contribute seriously to the complete scope of child undernutrition like stunting, wasting, underweight and micronutrient deficiency. Objective: To determine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status among children aged 24 to 59 months in Haromaya district, Ethiopia. Methods: Children aged 24-59 months (N= 453) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households selected by a multistage sampling procedure in Haromaya district. Anthropometry and 24hr dietary recall were administered. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to select variables that are candidate for multivariable model. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the mediatory effect of DDS on the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and child nutritional status. Results: The mean DDS was 3.62 (SD 1.09), and 50% of the children indicated poor and average DDS with only 20% children in very good DDS. By logistic regression analysis and after adjusting for the confounding factors, poor DDS was highly significant predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight (AOR = 4.09, C.I = 1.31 - 12.76, p = .01), (AOR = 2.28, C.I = 1.11 - 4.69, p = .03) and (AOR = 2.48, C.I = 1.17 - 5.24, p = .02) respectively. HFI had a significant direct effect on wasting though no significant indirect effect on wasting through mediation variable, DDS, (β1 reduced from 0.06 (S.E. = 0.027, p < .05) to 0.05 (S.E. = 0.028, p > .05). Conclusion: Poor DDS was a predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight. Additionally, DDS had a role in the association between HFI and nutritional status.

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