Acid Hydrolysis of Urinary Estriol

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolf E Schindler ◽  
Vannee Ratanasopa ◽  
Walter L Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Linear Decline

Abstract One hundred and twenty determinations of urinary estriol were carried out following acid hydrolysis and gas liquid chromatography. Through the use of a radioactive standard, it was shown that, with an increase in specific gravity (1.001 to 1.025), a steady linear decline of estriol recovery occurred (93% to 56%). The presence of glucose (1-5 gm./100 ml.) gradually diminished estriol recovery (78.2 ± 9 to 24.9 ± 11). Similar effects were caused by galactose and lactose. lnulin, fructose, and sucrose led to an extensive drop of extractable estriol (more than 95% at 5 gm./100 ml.). An even more marked fall in estriol recovery was found in the presence of Mandelamine methenamine, and formaldehyde. Dimethylamine, albumin, and Urofix did not influence the recovery of estriol to a significant extent. These findings emphasize the need for adequate control of recovery whenever patient management is conducted according to urinary-estriol titers.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF HYDROLYTIC TREATMENT ON THE CONTENT OF REDUCING SUBSTANCES IN NEUTRAL-SULPHITE ALKALI

2021 ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Leysan Azatovna Mingazova ◽  
Yelena Vyacheslavovna Kryakunova ◽  
Zosia Albertovna Kanarskaya ◽  
Альберт Владимирович Kanarskiy ◽  
Igor' Vadimovich Kruchina-Bogdanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The aim of this work is to develop a technology for the preparation of neutral-sulfite liquors formed during the production of fibrous semi-finished products - cellulose from birch wood - for subsequent use as a nutrient medium for the cultivation of microorganisms. Acid hydrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 100 °С at a ratio of a 10% sulfuric acid solution to a liquor sample of 1 : 1. Enzymatic hydrolysis of neutral sulfite liquors was carried out with the enzyme preparations Accellerase XY and Accellerase XC at 50±2 °C and 60±2 °C. The end of hydrolysis was determined by the cessation of the increase in the content of reducing substances (RS) in the hydrolyzate. The original neutral sulphite lye contained 9.4% dry matter, 21.7 g/l of reducing substances, pH 5.3±0.2. It has been shown that as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of insoluble dry residue in the hydrolyzate decreases to 8.32% and 8.41%, respectively, and during acid hydrolysis – to 7.8%. The content of RS in neutral sulfite lye after acid hydrolysis increases by an average of 3 times, while after enzymatic hydrolysis - a maximum of 2 times. It was found by gas-liquid chromatography that pentoses predominate in the obtained hydrolysates. Microbiological processing of media with a similar carbohydrate composition is possible by a number of strains of microorganisms capable of assimilating pentoses, for example, yeast-like fungi of the Saccharomycetaceae family and bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

Mono-O-(methylsulfonylethy)-d-glucoses

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Bullock ◽  
V. O. Cirino ◽  
S. P. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vinyl Sulfone ◽  
Methyl Vinyl ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Derivatives ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Methyl Vinyl Sulfone ◽  
Glucose Derivatives

Mono-O-(methylsulfonylethyl)-d-glucoses needed for comparison with the cleavage products obtained by acid hydrolysis of methyl vinyl sulfone modified cotton celluloses have been prepared. Several new glucose derivatives were prepared as intermediates in the synthesis of the desired 2-O-, 3-O-, and 6-O-(methylsulfonylethyl)-d-glucoses. The reactions were monitored by gas–liquid chromatography; use was made of trimethylsilyl derivatives as necessary. The substituted glucoses were obtained as glassy solids.

MONOSACCHARIDE COMPOSITION OF SELECTED CANADIAN PEATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. MORITA ◽  
W. G. MONTGOMERY
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Feature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The neutral monosaccharides released by the acid hydrolysis of five peat profiles were analyzed by ion exchange chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography in order to ascertain whether monosaccharide composition can be used to differentiate peats. Glucose, mannose and galactose were the predominant monosaccharides found. Changes observed with depth in the relative abundances of the monosaccharides were not always correlated with the degree of decomposition as measured by fibre content or pyrophosphate index. The arabinose to xylose ratio was a diagnostic chemical feature which reflected the degree of decomposition of the peats.

Hydrolysis of 2-Chloroethyl Palmitate and 2-Chloroethyl Linoleate by Mammalian Enzymes

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN J. SULLIVAN ◽  
JOHN J. MAJNARICH
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Pancreatic Juice ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Hydrolysis Constants ◽  
Artificial Gastric Juice ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis of 2-chloroethyl palmitate and 2-chloroethyl linoleate was studied in artificial gastric juice, artificial pancreatic juice, pig liver homogenates and pig intestine homogenates. Hydrolytic activity was followed by gas-liquid chromatography. Substantial hydrolysis was observed in all preparations except the artificial gastric juice. Hydrolysis constants ranged from <0.001 min−1 in the gastric juice to 0.064 min−1 for the linoleate ester in the pancreatic juice.

GLC Determination of Ethopabate in Chicken Tissues by Derivative Formation

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
P R Handy ◽  
F J Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chicken Tissues ◽  
Cleanup Procedure ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract The published method for the determination of ethopabate residues in chicken tissues has been improved by formation of the 2,4- dinitrophenyl derivative of m-phenetidine, which is produced by hydrolysis of ethopabate. The derivative is suitable for gas-liquid chromatography, using an electron affinity detector, and allows a simpler cleanup procedure. The sensitivity of the method is about 0.05 ppm; average recoveries at 0.5 ppm range between 66 and 97% for all tissues.

Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Residues of Chlorpyriphos and Leptophos, Including their Major Metabolites, in Vegetable Tissue

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz E Braun
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aqueous Sodium ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract A method is described for the determination of residual chlorpyriphos (O, O-diethyl 0-3,5,6- trichloro- 2 - pyridyl phosphorothioate) and leptophos (O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O-methyl phosphonothioate), and their respective oxygen analogs and hydrolytic metabolites, in field-treated vegetables. Samples are extracted by blending with acetonitrile followed by liquid-liquid partitioning between benzene and aqueous sodium carbonate to separate the parent compounds and oxygen analogs from the hydrolytic metabolites. Both fractions are individually cleaned up on silica gel which also serves to fractionate the parent compounds from their oxygen analogs as the result of oncolumn hydrolysis of the oxygen analogs. Chlorpyriphos and leptophos are determined by flame photometric gas-liquid chromatography (GLC); the residual and derived hydrolysis products are derivatized with trimethylsilyl acetamide and determined by electron capture GLC. Overall recoveries from fortified samples averaged 95% for the parent compounds and 85% for the oxygen analogs and hydrolytic metabolites. Detection limits approximated 0.005 ppm for chlorpyriphos and leptophos, 0.002 ppm for the oxygen analogs, and 0.001 ppm for the hydrolytic metabolites.

Chemical and enzymatic variation in the cell walls of pathogenic Candida species

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 590-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Lyon ◽  
Judith E. Domer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Enzymatic Assays ◽  
Phenol Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Mild Acid

Cell walls, isolated from seven pathogenic species of Candida, were lipid extracted and fractionated by treatment with ethylenediamine or enzymatically hydrolyzed using chitinase and laminarinase. Two different chitinase preparations were used, one from Streptomyces sp. which had some β-1,3-glucanase activity, and another from Serratia marcescens which did not have glucanase activity. Laminarinase was a commercial preparation. The monosaccharide constituents of whole cell walls and the fractions derived from them were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by gas–liquid chromatography of the products of a mild acid hydrolysis and by the phenol – sulfuric acid assay of the products of a stronger acid hydrolysis. The monomeric constituents of the enzymatic hydrolyses were analyzed using gas–liquid chromatography. Approximately 50% of all walls was soluble in ethylenediamine. Glucose and mannose were the only monosaccharides found in all of the fractions derived from ethylenediamine extraction examined. Similarities among the strains, based upon relative amounts of glucose and mannose, were more apparent than differences, but statistical analyses of the data revealed a general trend of decreasing similarity in the following order, C. albicans and C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, and C. pseudotropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei. In the enzymatic assays, mannose and glucose were released by laminarinase, whereas glucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine alone were released by the chitinases. These assays supported the trend in relationships cited above, with the data being somewhat more definitive.

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