Premature Infants: Analysis of Serum During the First Seven Weeks

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L Thomas ◽  
Thomas E Reichelderfer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Feeding Schedule ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

Abstract Serum values were determined on 60 premature infants whose birth weights ranged from 1500 to 1750 gm. At 1 week of age each infant was placed into one of six categories and given a feeding schedule according to a predetermined formula sequence and arrangement. Three formulas varying in mineral, caloric, and protein concentrations were used. Analyses for sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, calcium, and urea nitrogen were carried out on blood drawn at 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks of age. A comparison of levels during the same age period among the experimental groups was made.

The Stability of a Reconstituted Serum for the Assay of Fifteen Chemical Constituents

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Hanok ◽  
Jeremiah Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
The Stability

Abstract A study was made of serums stored at refrigerator (10°) and freezer (-15°) temperatures in relation to the subsequent effect on the following assays: sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, protein, albumin, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, bilirubin, urea nitrogen, glucose, uric acid, creatinine, and phosphorus. Data showing the period for which a reconstituted serum may be stored under these conditions are presented.

Changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status in endurance horses following transport and an overnight stay prior to competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
C. Langdon Fielding ◽  
K. Gary Magdesian
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Subsequent Elimination

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status that take place in endurance horses prior to the start of a competition and determine whether these changes would be associated with elimination. ANIMALS 19 horses entered in the 2016 Tevis Cup 100-Miles (160 km) One-Day Western States Trail Ride. PROCEDURES Heparinized blood samples were collected at 5 time points: prior to transport to the ride (T0), during check-in the day before the ride (T1), 1 to 2 hours before the start of the ride (T2), at the 15-km mark (T3), and at the 55-km mark (T4). Packed cell volume and plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, glucose, bicarbonate, and total protein concentrations were determined and compared across time points and between finishers and nonfinishers. RESULTS Signif icant differences were detected among plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations measured prior to the start of the ride (ie, T0, T1, and T2). For all variables except chloride and bicarbonate concentrations, significant differences were detected between values obtained prior to the start of the ride and values obtained during the ride (ie, T3 and T4). Only bicarbonate concentration at the 15-km mark of the ride was significantly associated with finishing status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that significant changes in plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations can occur in endurance horses during transport to a competition and when horses are stabled overnight before an event. Additionally, a lower bicarbonate concentration following a steep climb early during the ride was associated with subsequent elimination.

Comparative assessment of biochemical parameters of Hariana, Hardhenu and Sahiwal breeds 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Gera and Jyoti Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Assessment

Present study was conducted on seventy two cattle of three groups’ viz., Hardhenu strain of cross bred cattle, Sahiwal and Hariana breeds comprising twenty four animals of each group/breed. The biochemical assessment was based on assay of sodium, potassium, chloride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose, calcium, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), bilirubin (total and direct) and triglycerides parameters. Triglycerides, ALP, creatinine and potassium ion concentration were found to be higher in Hariana while direct bilirubin, ALT and sodium ion concentration were comparatively higher in Hardhenu. However, Albumin, calcium and glucose were observed to be at higher concentration in Sahiwal.

A STUDY OF PLASMA VALUES OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CHLORIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION, SUGAR, UREA AND THE PROTEIN BASEBINDING POWER, pH AND HEMATOCRIT IN PREMATURES ON THE FIRST DAY OF LIFE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
J. B. Pincus ◽  
I. F. Gittleman ◽  
M. Saito ◽  
A. E. Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Binding Power ◽  
Mean Concentration

Seventy-three premature infants were studied on the first day of life before fluid therapy or feedings were begun. These were divided into 3 groups according to weight. A fourth group was included in this study as a "control." The following chemical constituents of the plasma were measured: sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2 content, total protein, urea and sugar. The blood pH and the hematocrit were also determined. The protein base-binding power was calculated. The observations were made on capillary blood obtained by heel puncture. Ultramicro-methods were used for the estimation of the various chemical constituents. The mean concentration of potassium is significantly higher in the lowest weight group; the protein and correspondingly the base-binding power of the protein is also significantly lower in this group. The mean values for sodium, chloride, CO2, pH, sugar and urea did not vary significantly with the birth weights of the infants. While the lowest pH values were encountered in the lowest weight group, the mean did not significantly differ from group to group. The mean concentration of urea was higher in the lowest weight group but did not significantly vary with the birth weight of the infants. The mean concentration of glucose in the plasma was lowest in the lowest weight group. The hematocrit values were uniformly above normal in all groups, but the mean did not vary from group to group.

A Multichannel Continuous-Flow Analyzer

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E Thiers ◽  
Jean Bryan ◽  
Katherine Oglesby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Channel Analyzer

Abstract A 10-channel analyzer is described with which sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, albumin blank, and uric acid levels may be determined simultaneously. Operating at the rate of 60 specimens per hour, the instrument uses less than 1 ml. of serum for all 10 determinations. The results appear on 5 two-pen recorders. The report describes the instrument, its operating characteristics, modification of the sampler module to enable sampling from test tubes, a manual system of rapid data-handling, and the system employed for nearly anaerobic sample-handling.

The Technicon RA-1000 evaluated for measuring sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Ng ◽  
M Altaffer ◽  
R Ito ◽  
B E Statland
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Potentiometric Method ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract We evaluated the Technicon RA-1000 "random-access" analyzer for the measurements of sodium, potassium, and carbon dioxide by an indirect potentiometric method (ion-selective electrode) and for chloride by a colorimetric method (mercuric thiocyanate). For various concentrations of control materials the total precision (CV) ranged from 0.9 to 1.2% for sodium, 1.1 to 1.3% for potassium, 1.0 to 1.2% for chloride, and 2.8 to 3.8% for carbon dioxide. The system demonstrated acceptable performance in linearity and carryover. Patients' results from the RA-1000 correlated well with those from the Beckman ASTRA-8. In a study on potential interferences, we found that high concentrations of salicylate and bromide significantly affected measurements of carbon dioxide and chloride, respectively. The RA-1000 requires only 30 microL of sample for all four tests and it offers a high throughout (30 specimens analyzed for the four tests in 25 min). This precise, easy-to-use, random-access analyzer requires minimal maintenance.

Multiple Automatic Sequential Analysis

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 918-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard T Skeggs ◽  
Harry Hochstrasser
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Individual Sample ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Laboratory Report ◽  
Single Sheet ◽  
Standard Solution

Abstract A multiple automatic analyzer has been constructed which determines albumin, total protein, chloride, carbon dioxide, sodium, potassium, glucose, and urea nitrogen. The results for each of these 8 determinations are obtained in sequence for an individual sample and are recorded on a single sheet of paper. The entire system is calibrated by means of a standard solution containing all 8 of the components under test. Results appear on the record in a directly readable and immediately usable form. The actual record is used as the laboratory report sent to the requesting physician.

Profile of Admission Chemical Data by Multichannel Automation: An Evaluative Experiment

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Jean Bryan ◽  
Judith L Wearne ◽  
Alberto Viau ◽  
A Wendell Musser ◽  
Fred W Schoonmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract In an experiment comparing the clinical chemical data obtained for incoming hospital patients from samples of blood submitted to the routine laboratory and from samples analyzed automatically, a multichannel analyzer was employed. The constituents determined, chosen on the basis of the frequency with which they were ordinarily requested, were glucose, urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide content, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, and uric acid. In a significant fraction of the patients admitted at three different hospitals the profile of admission chemical determinations indicated abnormal values which had not been sought by the physician and which often were of direct help to him and benefit to the patient.

The Precision, Accuracy, and Inherent Errors of Automatic Continuous Flow Methods

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Thiers ◽  
K M Oglesby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Continuous Flow System ◽  
Sample Application ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Instrumental Drift

Abstract An automatic continuous-flow system was evaluated under routine daily use for six constituents, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, urea, and glucose. Two parameters have been quantified, interaction between samples and instrumental drift. Results also were influenced by the available amount of sample. Application of correction technics is shown to improve the accuracy of the automatic-analysis system.

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