Monitoring both serum amyloid protein A and C-reactive protein as inflammatory markers in infectious diseases

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nakayama ◽  
S Sonoda ◽  
T Urano ◽  
T Yamada ◽  
M Okada
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We examined serum amyloid protein A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as inflammatory markers of viral and bacterial infections. Both acute-phase reactants increased in the acute stage and thereafter decreased in the convalescent stage. In viral infections, the mean serum concentrations of SAA during the acute stage were 141 mg/L in infections with adenovirus, 77 mg/L with measles virus, 63 mg/L with influenza virus, 55 mg/L with parainfluenza virus, 31 mg/L with respiratory syncytial virus, and 31 mg/L in aseptic meningitis. The mean serum concentration of CRP was 19 mg/L for adenovirus infection and < 7 mg/L in all other viral infections. The SAA concentrations were 5- to 11-fold greater than the CRP concentrations. Both the SAA and the CRP concentrations were higher in bacterial infections than in viral infections. Changes in the concentrations of serum SAA paralleled those in serum CRP in bacterial infection; during the course of viral infection, however, serum SAA tended to disappear more quickly than CRP did. SAA appears to be a clinically useful marker of inflammation in acute viral infections, with or without significant changes in the CRP concentration.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers: Serum Amyloid A, Fibrinogen and C-Reactive Protein — A Revisited Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Salini ◽  
A. Saggini ◽  
G. Maccauro ◽  
A. Caraffa ◽  
Y.B. Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A

scholarly journals C-reactive protein velocity discriminates between acute viral and bacterial infections in patients who present with relatively low CRP concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bernstein ◽  
Dan Coster ◽  
Shlomo Berliner ◽  
Itzhak Shapira ◽  
David Zeltser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections

Abstract Background To assess the utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) velocity to discriminate between patients with acute viral and bacterial infections who presented with relatively low CRP concentrations and were suspected of having a bacterial infection. Methods We analyzed a retrospective cohort of patients with acute infections who presented to the emergency department (ED) with a relatively low first CRP measurement (CRP1) ≤ 31.9 mg/L and received antibiotics shortly after. We then calculated C-reactive protein velocity (CRPv), milligram per liter per hour, for each patient based on CRP1 and the second CRP value (CRP2) measured within the first 24 h since admission. Finally, we compared CRPv between patients with bacterial and viral infections. Results We have presently analyzed 74 patients with acute bacterial infections and 62 patients with acute viral infections at the mean age of 80 and 66 years respectively, 68 male and 68 female. CRP1 did not differ between both groups of patients (16.2 ± 8.6 and 14.8 ± 8.5 for patients with viral and bacterial infections respectively, p value = 0.336). However, the CRP2 was significantly different between the groups (30.2 ± 21.9 and 75.6 ± 51.3 for patients with viral and bacterial infections respectively, p-value < 0.001) and especially the CRPv was much higher in patients with acute bacterial infections compared to patients with acute viral infections (0.9 ± 1.2 and 4.4 ± 2.7 respectively, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion CRPv and CRP2 are useful biomarkers that can discriminate significantly between patients who present with acute bacterial and viral infections, and relatively low CRP concentration upon admission who were suspected of having a bacterial infection.

scholarly journals Analysis clinical features of COVID-19 infection in secondary epidemic area and report potential biomarkers in evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Ji ◽  
Gautam Bishnu ◽  
Zhenzhai Cai ◽  
Xian Shen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

AbstractObjectiveBased on the clinical characteristics of infected patients with novel coronavirus in secondary epidemic areas, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers for the evaluation of novel coronavirus-infected patients, guide the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in secondary epidemic areas and provide a reference for the clinical prevention and control of this epidemic situation.MethodsThe clinical data of 33 patients with respiratory symptoms caused by the novel coronavirus in Wenzhou city from January 15 to February 12, 2020, were thoroughly reviewed. At the onset of the disease, we found that the primary symptoms were fever, cough, fatigue, chest tightness, chest pain and specific blood test results. According to the patients’ histories, the patients were divided into two groups: those who spent time in the main epidemic area and those who did not spend time in the main epidemic area. The differences in the clinical manifestations between these two groups were analyzed.ResultsThe main clinical symptoms of patients infected with novel coronavirus in the secondary epidemic area were respiratory tract ailments and systemic symptoms. After grouping patients based on the presence or absence of residency in or travel history to the main epidemic area, there was no significant difference between the baseline data of these two groups, and there were no significant differences in symptoms and signs between the two groups (P>0.05). Some patients had abnormally increased serum amyloid protein A (SAA). There were statistically significant differences in the leukocyte count/C-reactive protein, monocyte ratio/C-reactive protein, neutrophil count/C-reactive protein, monocyte count/C-reactive protein and hemoglobin/C-reactive protein values between the two groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionRespiratory tract ailments and systemic symptoms were the primary symptoms of novel coronavirus infection in the secondary epidemic area; these symptoms are not typical. The abnormal increase in serum amyloid protein (SAA) may be used as an auxiliary index for diagnosis and treatment. CRP changes before other blood parameters and thus may be an effective evaluation index for patients with COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Procalcitonin, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and C-Reactive Protein in Detection of Bacterial Infections and Prediction of Outcome in Nonneutropenic Febrile Patients with Lung Malignancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shanshan Ding ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Xingguo Song ◽  
Xiaohan Dong ◽  
Li Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Retrospective Clinical Study ◽  
The Absolute

Background. Procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have emerged as important markers of inflammation, and these markers, especially PCT and CRP, have been studied in patients with neutropenia. This study was designed to evaluate their value in differentiating infectious fever from tumor fever (TF) and to investigate their role in assessing outcomes in nonneutropenic lung cancer patients (NNLCPs). Methods. This retrospective clinical study included 588 febrile NNLCPs between January 2019 and December 2019. The levels of PCT, CRP, and conventional inflammatory markers, including white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils (NEU), were measured. NLR was defined as the ratio of the absolute neutrophil count to the absolute lymphocyte count. Patients’ clinical and bacteriological data were recorded. Results. This study included 311 NNLCPs with bacterial infections and 277 with TF. Inflammatory markers such as PCT, CRP, WBC, and NEU levels and NLR were significantly higher in patients with bacterial infections than in those with TF (p < 0.0001). However, PCT level was the best predictor of bacterial infections, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.874, followed by CRP level (AUC = 0.855) and NLR (AUC = 0.792) (p < 0.0001). Additionally, PCT level was significantly elevated in patients with bacterial infections with progressive disease after radiotherapy and chemotherapy (p < 0.01). Conclusions. The present study demonstrated the superiority of PCT over CRP and NLR in the diagnosis of febrile patients with bacterial infections. Additionally, PCT can be used to assess the clinical outcomes and cancer progression in NNLCPs.

scholarly journals Cytokines and Chemokines as Biomarkers of Community-Acquired Bacterial Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Holub ◽  
David A. Lawrence ◽  
Nancy Andersen ◽  
Alžběta Davidová ◽  
Ondřej Beran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Luminex Technology ◽  
Limited Usefulness

Routinely used biomarkers of bacterial etiology of infection, such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, have limited usefulness for evaluation of infections since their expression is enhanced by a number of different conditions. Therefore, several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were analyzed with sera from patients hospitalized for moderate bacterial and viral infectious diseases. In total, 57 subjects were enrolled: 21 patients with community-acquired bacterial infections, 26 patients with viral infections, and 10 healthy subjects (control cohorts). The laboratory analyses were performed using Luminex technology, and the following molecules were examined: IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, INF-γ, MIP-1β, and MCP-1. Bacterial etiology of infection was associated with significantly (P<0.001) elevated serum concentrations of IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-αin comparison to levels observed in the sera of patients with viral infections. In the patients with bacterial infections, IL-1Ra and IL-8 demonstrated positive correlation with C-reactive protein, whereas, IL-1Ra, TNF-α, and MCP-1 correlated with procalcitonin. Furthermore, elevated levels of IL-1Ra, IL-6, and TNF-αdecreased within 3 days of antibiotic therapy to levels observed in control subjects. The results show IL-1Ra as a potential useful biomarker of community-acquired bacterial infection.

scholarly journals C-reactive protein guided use of procalcitonin in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Houghton ◽  
Nathan Moore ◽  
Rebecca Williams ◽  
Fatima El-Bakri ◽  
Jonathan Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Intensive Care Admission ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Testing Algorithms ◽  
Unselected Cohort

AbstractLow procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations (<0.5ng/mL) can facilitate exclusion of bacterial co-infection in viral infections, including COVID-19. However, costs associated with PCT measurement preclude universal adoption, indicating a need to identify settings where PCT provides clinical information beyond that offered by other inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and white cell count (WCC). In an unselected cohort of 299 COVID-19 patients, we tested the hypothesis that PCT<0.5ng/mL was associated with lower levels of CRP and WCC. We demonstrated that CRP values below the geometric mean of the entire patient population had a negative predictive value for PCT<0.5ng/mL of 97.6% and 100% at baseline and 48 hours into admission respectively, and that this relationship was not confounded by intensive care admission or microbiological findings. CRP-guided PCT testing algorithms can reduce costs and support antimicrobial stewardship strategies in COVID-19.

Plasma Neopterin as an Adjunct to C-Reactive Protein in Assessment of Infection

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2038-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Sheldon ◽  
P G Riches ◽  
N Soni ◽  
E Jurges ◽  
M Gore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Graft Vs Host Disease

Abstract C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are increased in plasma in people with inflammatory conditions and bacterial infections. Plasma neopterin concentrations are increased in people with bacterial septicemias, viral infections, and graft vs host disease. Plasma concentrations of CRP and neopterin were measured daily in 21 bone-marrow transplant (BMT) patients, 64 patients in intensive-care units (ICU), and 12 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HN). In the BMT patients, plasma neopterin measurements in addition to CRP measurements allowed infectious episodes to be distinguished from graft vs host disease. In the ICU patients, increased concentrations of CRP were not specific for infection and the additional plasma neopterin measurements did not improve this specificity. In all three patient groups, the derivation of a neopterin/CRP ratio was of no clinical use. These three groups of patients showed patterns of CRP and neopterin concentrations characteristic of their underlying diseases, the BMT patients with the immunological activation of graft vs host disease showed predominantly increased concentrations of plasma neopterin, ICU patients with infectious and inflammatory conditions had increased concentrations of both CRP and neopterin in plasma, and the HN group with localized inflammation showed increased plasma concentrations of CRP without increases in neopterin.

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