Shorebird subsistence harvest and indigenous knowledge in Alaska: Informing harvest management and engaging users in shorebird conservation

The Condor ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana C Naves ◽  
Jacqueline M Keating ◽  
T Lee Tibbitts ◽  
Daniel R Ruthrauff
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Harvest Sustainability

Abstract Limited data on harvest and population parameters are impediments to assessing shorebird harvest sustainability. Because of sharp declines in shorebird populations, timely conservation efforts require approaches that account for uncertainty in harvest sustainability. We combined harvest assessment and ethnographic research to better understand shorebird conservation concerns related to subsistence harvest in Alaska and to support culturally sensible conservation actions. Our objectives were to (1) estimate the Alaska-wide shorebird subsistence harvest and (2) document shorebird indigenous knowledge on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Harvest estimates were based on surveys conducted in 1990–2015 (n = 775 community-years). Key respondent interviews conducted in 2017 (n = 72) documented shorebird ethnotaxonomy and ethnography. The Alaska-wide shorebird harvest was 2,783 birds per year, including 1,115 godwits per year—mostly Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica baueri), whose population has low harvest potential. The egg harvest was 4,678 eggs per year, mostly small shorebird eggs. We documented 24 Yup’ik shorebird names and 10 main ethnotaxonomic categories. Children learning harvesting skills focused on small birds and adults also occasionally harvested shorebirds, but shorebirds were not primary food or cultural resources. Older generations associated shorebirds with a time when people were closer to nature and their cultural roots. Shorebirds connected people with the environment as well as with Yup’ik traditions and language. Our results can inform improvements to harvest assessment and management, as well as outreach and communication efforts to engage subsistence users in shorebird conservation.

scholarly journals Stigmatisation of Indigenous Knowledge: The Case of Night-running in Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-392
Author(s):  
Tom Kwanya
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Geographic Setting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evil People

Abstract Night-runners are perceived as faceless, evil people who run naked in the darkness, thereby wreaking havoc in otherwise peaceful rural villages. This paper investigates the origins of night-running, the mysteries associated with it, the benefits and harms of night-running, and the impact of indigenous knowledge (IK) stigmatisation on this practice. Indigenous knowledge is the body of unique beliefs, attitudes, skills, and practices possessed by communities in a specific geographic setting. In spite of its potential value, scholars point out that indigenous knowledge has been neglected, vindicated, stigmatised, legalised, and suppressed among the majority of the world’s communities due to ignorance and arrogance. Night-running is one of the indigenous practices in Western Kenya that has been stigmatised. Given this, little is actually known about night-running. This study was designed as an ethnographic research through which the views of the residents of Homa Bay County on night-running were investigated, collated, and interpreted as a means of demystifying this indigenous practice. The findings of the study indicate that night-running is intrinsically a harmless practice. However, evil persons such as witches sometimes masquerade as night-runners and can hurt or kill people.

Mapping Diaspora

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia de Santana Pinho
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Identity ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Black Diaspora ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Black Intellectuals ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Roots Tourism

Brazil, like some countries in Africa, has become a major destination for African American tourists seeking the cultural roots of the black Atlantic diaspora. Drawing on over a decade of ethnographic research as well as textual, visual, and archival sources, Patricia de Santana Pinho investigates African American roots tourism, a complex, poignant kind of travel that provides profound personal and collective meaning for those searching for black identity and heritage. It also provides, as Pinho’s interviews with Brazilian tour guides, state officials, and Afro-Brazilian activists reveal, economic and political rewards that support a structured industry. Pinho traces the origins of roots tourism to the late 1970s, when groups of black intellectuals, artists, and activists found themselves drawn especially to Bahia, the state that in previous centuries had absorbed the largest number of enslaved Africans. African Americans have become frequent travelers across what Pinho calls the "map of Africanness" that connects diasporic communities and stimulates transnational solidarities while simultaneously exposing the unevenness of the black diaspora. Roots tourism, Pinho finds, is a fertile site to examine the tensions between racial and national identities as well as the gendered dimensions of travel, particularly when women are the major roots-seekers.

scholarly journals Aprendiendo español en una telesecundaria de contexto popoluca: currículum-en-acto

2014 ◽  
pp. 148-183
Author(s):  
Mtra. Amanda Cano Ruíz
Keyword(s):  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Writing Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Literacy Practice ◽  
Writing Assignment ◽  
The Way

El propósito del artículo es analizar la implementación del currículo por competencias en la asignatura de español, en una telesecundaria de contexto indígena en el estado de Veracruz. Se deriva de una investigación etnográfica que busca documentar el proceso de apropiación de prácticas letradas escolares, enmarcadas por los Programas de Español 2006. Retomamos una tarea escolar de redacción de dos estudiantes bilingües (en español y popoluca de la Sierra), y desde ahí reconstruimos el desarrollo del proyecto didáctico en el que se circunscribe. Mostramos la estructura del proyecto y analizamos la práctica social de lenguaje implícita; también, la forma en que la profesora interpreta el trabajo por competencias, los proyectos didácticos y las adaptaciones curriculares que realiza. Reconstruimos el proceso de redacción de los estudiantes, destacando sus intereses, formas de interpretar la tarea, así como los recursos lingüísticos y culturales en juego para responder a las demandas de la escuela. AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze the implementation of competence-based curriculum in the Spanish subject in an indigenous context telesecundaria in the state of Veracruz. It is part of an ethnographic research that focuses on the appropriation process of school literacy practices proposed by the Spanish Programs 2006. We select a writing assignment of two bilingual students (Spanish and Sierra's Popoluca). From there we reconstruct the didactic project implementation in which is circumscribed. Show the structure of the project and analyze the literacy practice implied. Also the way that the teacher interprets the competence-based curriculum, the didactic projects and the curricular adaptations performed. We reconstruct the writing process of bilingual students; highlight their interests, ways to interpret the task as well as the linguistic and cultural resources that come into play to meet the school demands.Recibido: 21 de agosto de 2013Aceptado: 29 de noviembre de 2013

Tackling tensions and ambivalences: Armenian girls’ diasporic identities in Russia

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Ziemer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Hybrid Identities ◽  
Identity Negotiations ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Youth Identities ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Diasporic Identities

Research on diasporic youth identities in the British and American context has stressed hybridity, heterogeneity and multiplicity. This paper draws upon ethnographic research undertaken with Armenian girls to explore some of the tensions and ambivalences of negotiating diasporic identities in the Russian context. Diasporic identities are constructed through gender, and this paper illustrates how research participants negotiate their identities in relation to both belonging to the Armenian community and wider Russian society. At the same time, this paper examines how research participants draw differently on diasporic identifications in order to overcome tensions and ambivalences in their everyday lives. The paper shows that research participants are not inclined to reject their cultural roots in favor of new hybrid identities, but are able to recognize and appropriate different cultures in their identity negotiations.

scholarly journals Long-term changes in kelp forests in an inner basin of the Salish Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen D. Berry ◽  
Thomas F. Mumford ◽  
Bart Christiaen ◽  
Pete Dowty ◽  
Max Calloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Biogenic Habitat ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractUnderstanding the historical extent of biogenic habitats can provide insight into the nature of human impacts and inform restoration and conservation actions. Kelp forests form an important biogenic habitat that responds to natural and human drivers. Global concerns exist about threats to kelp forests, yet long term information is limited and research suggests that trends are geographically distinct. We examined distribution of the bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana over 145 years in South Puget Sound (SPS), a semi-protected inner basin in a fjord estuary complex in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We synthesized 48 historical and modern Nereocystis surveys and examined presence/absence within 1-km shoreline segments along 452 km of shoreline. Over the last 145 years, Nereocystis has been documented in 26% of the shoreline segments. Its extent decreased 62% basin-wide between the 1870s and 2017, with extreme losses in the two out of three sub-basins (96% in Central and 83% in West). In recent years, almost all Nereocystis occurred in the East sub-basin. In the majority of segments where Nereocystis disappeared, the most recent observation was 4 decades ago, or earlier. Multiple natural and human factors that are known to impact kelp could have contributed to observed patterns, but limited data exist at the spatial and temporal scale of this study. In some areas, recent environmental conditions approached thresholds associated with decreased kelp performance. Longstanding Nereocystis losses occurred exclusively in areas with relatively low current velocities. Remaining Nereocystis predominantly occurred in areas where circulation is stronger. Exceptions to this pattern demonstrate that additional factors outside the scope of this study contributed to trajectories of Nereocystis persistence or loss.

scholarly journals DOCUMENTATION OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ON PRODUCTION AND POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF SWEET POTATO IN THE BICOL REGION, PHILIPPINES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Glenton O. Guiriba
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Sustainable Farming ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Post Harvest

Sweet potato (locally known as kamote) is a major staple food of people in the Bicol Region who live in the upland areas. They have been growing this crop for so many years, providing some form of food security and income to their households. They have also developed sustainable farming system using indigenous knowledge which they have learned from their ancestors. With increasing attention being given to the sustainable farming system, there is a need to look into the indigenous knowledge and practices of the sweet potato farmers in the Bicol Region, Philippines had adopted through the years in the cultivation, production, and post-harvest management of sweet potato. Hence, his paper aimed to document the various indigenous production and post-harvest practices of the sweet potato farmers; evaluate the cultural, social, economic and environmental aspects/dimensions of these indigenous knowledge; discover the gender division of labor in the sweet potato cultivation, production and post-harvest management; and discover the science behind the indigenous knowledge. The study made used of varied social research methods such as sample survey, key-informants interview, focus group discussions and field observations. This study has proven that indigenous knowledge and practices to the sweet potato farmers cannot be underestimated in terms of enhancing the household and community food production and food security particularly in the upland rural areas of the Bicol Region. The indigenous knowledge of the people is very effective in meeting their food requirements, and effective in areas of land preparation, soil fertility enrichment, planting, pests management and weeding, harvesting and post-harvest management.

Incorporating Indigenous Knowledge in the Preservation of Collections at the Batonga Community Museum in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
pp. 396-407
Author(s):  
Simbarashe Shadreck Chitima ◽  
Ishmael Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Extreme Conservation

Museums in Zimbabwe often face several conservation challenges caused by different agents of deterioration. The Batonga Community Museum find it challenging to maintain and properly take care of the collections on display. This chapter examines the effectiveness of the conservation strategies being employed at the BCM. The study made use of qualitative and ethnographic research approaches. The majority of collections at the BCM are deteriorating at an unprecedented level. The study gathered that bats have posed serious and extreme conservation challenges as well as affected the presentation of exhibitions. The chapter concludes that bats are the main problem bedeviling the museum and needs immediate control.

scholarly journals ECOMUSICOLOGY, INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN IBADAN, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-90
Author(s):  
Olusegun Stephen Titus
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
African Music ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

In Zimbabwe, urban musicians and educators often perceive karimba as a category of relatively small mbira that are used for secular entertainment. This notion is strongly influenced by the prominence of the Kwanongoma mbira, or nyunga nyunga mbira, a 15-key karimba that was first popularized by the Kwanongoma College of Music in the 1960s. Despite a wealth of research, very little has been written about karimba traditions around the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border that are associated with traditional religious practices. In this article, the author focuses on a type of karimba with more than 20 keys that shares much of the same repertoire with matepe/madhebhe/hera music in Rushinga, Mutoko, and Mudzi Districts in Zimbabwe and nearby regions in Central Mozambique. The author explores the connections between innovations of the Kwanongoma mbira and karimba traditions in the Northeast with examples from the International Library of African Music archival collections and her own ethnographic research. This article provides a foundation upon which others may further conduct research on karimba music and suggests possible directions for incorporating these findings into educational contexts.

scholarly journals Supporting Online and On-Site Digital Diverse Travels

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 4558-4577
Author(s):  
Giorgos Mathioudakis ◽  
Iosif Klironomos ◽  
Nikolaos Partarakis ◽  
Eleni Papadaki ◽  
Nikos Anifantis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Bilateral Collaboration

Cultural-heritage research has created a vast amount of information regarding heritage objects and sites. At the same time, recent efforts on the digitization of cultural heritage have provided novel means of documenting tangible cultural resources including digital images, videos, audio testimonies, and 3D reconstructions. Furthermore, ethnographic research is nowadays combined with advanced capturing technologies such as motion capture to record the intangible dimensions of heritage as these are manifested through human expression in dance, heritage crafts, etc. This amount of information is now available and should be used to create novel forms of experiential access to cultural heritage powered by the web and mobile technologies mixed with novel interaction paradigms such as virtual and augmented reality. In this article, a platform is presented that facilitates a cloud-based web application to support location-based narratives on cultural-heritage resources provided through map-based or story-based representation approaches. At the same time, the platform through the power of modern mobile devices can provide these experiences on the move using location-based and image recognition-based augmented reality to facilitate multiple usage contexts. The platform was implemented to support the goal of the project CuRe, in the context of the “Greece-Germany” bilateral collaboration action.

Analysis of power law assumptions for short-period comets and Kuiper bodies

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Donnison ◽  
L.I. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Probability Plots ◽  
Exponential Probability

AbstractA Pareto distribution was used to model the magnitude data for short-period comets up to 1988. It was found using exponential probability plots that the brightness did not vary with period and that the cut-off point previously adopted can be supported statistically. Examination of the diameters of Trans-Neptunian bodies showed that a power law does not adequately fit the limited data available.

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