scholarly journals Leg or antenna injury in Cataglyphis ants impairs survival but does not hinder searching for food

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Gilad ◽  
Arik Dorfman ◽  
Aziz Subach ◽  
Inon Scharf
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Injured Workers ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Desert Ant ◽  
Discovery Time ◽  
Related Response

Abstract Injury is common in nature resulting, for example, from fighting, partial predation, or the wear of body parts. Injury is costly, expressed in impaired performance, failure in competition, and a shorter life span. A survey of the literature revealed the frequent occurrence of injury in ants and its various causes. We examined whether leg or antenna injury impacts food-discovery time and reduces the likelihood of reaching food in workers of the desert ant Cataglyphis niger. We examined the search-related consequences of injury in groups of either 4 or 8 workers searching for food in a short arena, a long arena, and a maze. We conducted a small field survey to evaluate the prevalence of injury in the studied population. Finally, we compared the survival rates of injured versus uninjured workers in the laboratory. Injury was common in the field, with almost 9% of the workers collected out of the nest, found to be injured. Injured workers survived shorter than uninjured ones and there was a positive link between injury severity and survival. However, we could not detect an effect of injury on any of the searching-related response variables, neither in the arenas nor in the mazes tested. We suggest that workers that survive such injury are only moderately affected by it.

Predation on Common Wall Lizards: Survival Probabilities of Melanic Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Jenő J. Purger ◽  
Renáta Bocz
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Podarcis Muralis ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Survival Probabilities ◽  
Common Wall ◽  
Plasticine Models ◽  
The City

For estimation of predation plasticine models of prey animals are often used, because the soft material preserves imprints left by predators. We assumed that melanic common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) disappear by selective predation faster than cryptic individuals and habitat features have important role in this process. We studied the survival probabilities of cryptic and melanic colored plasticine common wall lizard models in habitats with different background coloration on selected places near the city of Pécs (south Hungary), where melanic common wall lizards had been observed earlier. Contrary to our expectations the daily survival rates of melanic plasticine common wall lizards were somewhat higher in all three locations (sandstone quarry, stone wall, coal pit) than those of the cryptic ones, but these differences were not significant. Predators were mostly mammals, which left more marks on plasticine models than birds, but we could not show a preference of the body parts of prey. We concluded that rare occurrence of melanic common wall lizards in habitats near the city of Pécs is not due to predation pressure.

Helicopter Transport of Trauma Patients Improves Survival Irrespective of Transport Time

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482094356
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Schneider ◽  
Joseph A. Ewing ◽  
John D. Cull
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Transport Time ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level 1 Trauma Center ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Transportation Type

Objectives Helicopter transport of trauma patients remains controversial. We examined the survival rates of patients undergoing helicopter versus ground transport to a Level 1 trauma center. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on trauma patients treated between 2014 and 2017. Student’s t-test was used to compare air versus ground transport times. A logistic regression was then used to examine the association of transportation type on survival controlling for demographics, mechanism of injury, transport time, field intubation, and injury severity. Results Of 3967 patients identified, 69.6% (2762) were male, and the average age was 40 years. Most patients suffered blunt injuries (86.8%, 3445), while the remaining had penetrating injuries (11.6%, 459) or burns (1.6%, 63). The majority of patients were transferred by ground (3449) with only 13% (518) transferred by air. Patients transported by air had increased Injury Severity Score (ISS) with a median of 17 (IQR 9-24) versus 9 (IQR 5-14), increased length of stay (LOS) at 6 days versus 3 ( P < .001), and increased mortality at 12.6% vs 6.5% ( P < .001). Patients transported by air arrived 16.6 ± 6.7 minutes faster compared with ground for the zip codes examined. When adjusting for the mechanism of injury, ISS, age, gender, intubation status, and transport time, air transport was associated with an increased likelihood of survival (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.06-2.40). Conclusion In our analysis of 3967 patients, those transported by air had a significant improvement in the likelihood of survival compared with those transported by ground even when adjusting for both ISS and time.

Risk factors for non-fatal occupational injuries among construction workers: A case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Khashaba ◽  
M El-Helaly ◽  
AH El-Gilany ◽  
SM Motawei ◽  
S Foda
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Past History ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Injured Workers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
Control Study

Background: Substance abuse is a serious problem, because it affects both workers and young people. Prevalence and consequences of cannabis abuse among construction workers in particular are not well studied in Egypt. Objectives: To determine the association between non-fatal occupational injuries among construction workers and their demographic and occupational factors and to assess the frequency of cannabis abuse and its relationship to injury severity and workdays lost. Subjects and methods: A case–control study was conducted at Mansoura Emergency Hospital. Cases were 100 acutely injured male workers. A control group of 90 healthy age-matched workers was selected from 8 construction sites. Workers were interviewed, and a questionnaire was completed that included socio-demographic data, full occupational history, and causes and type of injury. Injury outcome measures included lost workdays and the injury severity score (ISS). Cannabis abuse in injured workers was monitored by preliminary testing of urine and confirmatory testing of blood. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of occupational injuries were rural residence, being a carpenter or painter and past history of injuries. The most common accidents were slipping falls (62%). Confirmed cannabis test was positive in 51.1% of the injured workers. Median days away from work were greater among cannabis users than non-users. The ISS was significantly higher among users compared to non-users ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cannabis abuse can increase injury severity and prolong workdays lost. Drug testing is recommended for at-risk construction workers with inadequate safety measures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mustard Seed (Brassica Nigra) Powder as Anaesthetic Agents in Different Life Stages of Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon Melanotheron)

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Wilfred–Ekprikpo P. C.
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Brassica Nigra ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Related Response ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron ◽  
Seed Extracts

This study assessed the anesthetic effects of mustard seed (Brassica nigra) powder in different life stages of Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron). A total of 540 fish comprising of 180 each of: fingerlings (mean length 5.54cm ± 1.08SD and mean weight 12.04g ± 2.09SD); juveniles (mean length 10.02cm ± 3.91SD and mean weight 30.91g ± 4.02SD) and adult (mean length 13.01cm ± 2.66SD and mean weight 70.82g ± 7.01SD) of S. melanotheron were used for the study. They were exposed to aqueous extracts of mustard seed (Brassica nigra) powder at different concentrations: 0.00-control; 10.00; 20.00; 30.00; 40.00 and 50.00 mg/L at the rate of 10 fish per tank in triplicates. The results obtained indicated a size related response of the fish to mustard seed extracts. The induction time decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as the concentrations of the mustard seed extracts increased. The recovery time in the three sizes of exposed fish, generally increased as the concentrations of the anaesthetics increased. The survival rate was 100.00% in adult sizes of the exposed fish in all concentrations. While in fingerlings and juveniles, 90-95% survival rates were recorded at higher concentrations of the anaesthetics. This study therefore revealed that mustard seed can effectively be used as anaesthetics agent in S. melanotheron at optimum dose of 30mg/L.

Application of a Geriatric Injury Protocol Demonstrates High Survival Rates for Geriatric Trauma Patients with High Injury Acuity

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1122-1126
Author(s):  
Tigran Karamanukyan ◽  
Andrea Pakula ◽  
Maureen Martin ◽  
Ashwitha Francis ◽  
Ruby Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Geriatric Trauma ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Advanced Directives ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Geriatric trauma has historically been associated with poor outcomes, particularly in the setting of severe polytrauma. Although geriatric trauma protocols are common, there are limited data on their impact in patients with high injury severity. In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of a geriatric injury protocol on outcomes in patients with severe trauma acuity. Ninety-eight geriatric patients (age ≥65) admitted to our trauma center with injury severity scores (ISS) ≥15 comprised the study cohort. The mean age was 75 ± 7.7 yrs. The mean ISS was 25 ± 9.2, and the mean geriatric trauma outcome score was 150 ± 3. Mortality was 17 per cent and 70 per cent were due to central nervous system injury. When patients with nonsurvivable injuries or advanced directives resulting in early care withdrawal were excluded, the mortality was 6 per cent. Extremes of age did not impact mortality [(>80 years, 21%) vs (65–79, 16%, P = 0.5)]. Most patients (53%) were discharged home. The application of our geriatric trauma protocol led to favorable results despite high injury acuity. These data suggest that even at the extremes of age, a large percentage of patients can be expected to survive. A prospective validation of these findings is warranted.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Psychological Symptoms after Occupational Injury on Return to Work: A 6-Year Follow-Up

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Ching Chu ◽  
Wei-Shan Chin ◽  
Yue Leon Guo ◽  
Judith Shu-Chu Shiao
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Injured Workers ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
The Impact

Psychological factors may compromise return to work among workers with occupational injuries, and little is known about the long-term consequences of psychological symptoms relating to return to work. The study examined the impact of psychological symptoms on return to work as well as exploring factors associated with return to work among injured workers. A total of 572 workers who experienced occupational injuries were recruited in this prospective cohort study. Surveys of the psychological symptoms using the 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) were conducted at 3 and 12 months after the injury. All of the workers were invited to join the study at year 6 after the injury. Sociodemographic factors, psychological symptoms, injury severity, and return-to-work status were collected. Approximately 10% of injured workers could not return to work even 6 years after the injury. Severe psychological symptoms within 1 year after the injury presented a significant risk factor for not returning to work 6 years after the injury (adjusted OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–0.8). Furthermore, age, education level, length of hospitalization, and injury-induced changes in appearance had significant independent influence on return to work as well. These findings highlight the importance of the effects of mental health within 1 year post injury on return to work, and support the concept of early screening, detection, and intervention in at-risk occupational injured workers with severe psychological symptoms.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Utilization in Blunt and Penetrating Traumatic Injuries: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110111
Author(s):  
Haley Ehrlich, BS ◽  
Charlie Bisbee, BS ◽  
Aleeza Ali ◽  
Dino Fanfan, BS ◽  
Sabrina Gill, BS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Severity Scores

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an increasingly used treatment modality for severe respiratory insufficiency in trauma patients. Examining ECMO use specifically in blunt and penetrating traumas can aid in directing future protocols. We aim to evaluate the outcomes of ECMO use in both blunt and penetrating trauma patients through a systematic review of current literature. Methods An online search of 2 databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) was performed to analyze studies, which evaluated the use of ECMO in blunt and penetrating traumas. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines were followed. Data extracted included mechanism of injury, injury severity scores (ISSs), complications, and mortality rates. Results The search demonstrated 9 studies that met our review inclusion criteria. A total of 207 patients were included, of which 64 (30.9%) were non-survivors and 143 (69.1%) were survivors. There was a total of 201 blunt traumas with 61 (30.3%) deaths, whereas penetrating traumas had 2 deaths (33.3%) out of 6 total patients. Complications reported included acute renal failure, hemorrhage at the cannula site, and transient neurological deficits. Most studies found better survival rates and less complications in younger patients and those with lower ISS. Conclusion Expanding the use of ECMO to include blunt and penetrating trauma patients provides the trauma surgeons with another crucial potentially lifesaving tool with an overall survival rate of 70%. Anticipating increased future use of ECMO in blunt and penetrating trauma patients, distinct protocols ought to be instilled to better address the care needed for these critically ill trauma patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Immune-Related Response Criteria and RECIST v1.1 in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Treated With Pembrolizumab

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 1510-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stephen Hodi ◽  
Wen-Jen Hwu ◽  
Richard Kefford ◽  
Jeffrey S. Weber ◽  
Adil Daud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Advanced Melanoma ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Related Response

Purpose We evaluated atypical response patterns and the relationship between overall survival and best overall response measured per immune-related response criteria (irRC) and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) in patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab in the phase Ib KEYNOTE-001 study (clinical trial information: NCT01295827). Patients and Methods Patients received pembrolizumab 2 or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or every 3 weeks. Atypical responses were identified by using centrally assessed irRC data in patients with ≥ 28 weeks of imaging. Pseudoprogression was defined as ≥ 25% increase in tumor burden at week 12 (early) or any assessment after week 12 (delayed) that was not confirmed as progressive disease at next assessment. Response was assessed centrally per irRC and RECIST v1.1. Results Of the 655 patients with melanoma enrolled, 327 had ≥ 28 weeks of imaging follow-up. Twenty-four (7%) of these 327 patients had atypical responses (15 [5%] with early pseudoprogression and nine [3%] with delayed pseudoprogression). Of the 592 patients who survived ≥ 12 weeks, 84 (14%) experienced progressive disease per RECIST v1.1 but nonprogressive disease per irRC. Two-year overall survival rates were 77.6% in patients with nonprogressive disease per both criteria (n = 331), 37.5% in patients with progressive disease per RECIST v1.1 but nonprogressive disease per irRC (n = 84), and 17.3% in patients with progressive disease per both criteria (n = 177). Conclusion Atypical responses were observed in patients with melanoma treated with pembrolizumab. Based on survival analysis, conventional RECIST might underestimate the benefit of pembrolizumab in approximately 15% of patients; modified criteria that permit treatment beyond initial progression per RECIST v1.1 might prevent premature cessation of treatment.

scholarly journals Forest regeneration appraisal with large-scale aerial photographs

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hall ◽  
A. H. Aldred
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Two Stages

The operational feasibility of using large-scale aerial photographs to quantify coniferous forest stocking and regeneration density, was assessed over 6 cutovers with a 1,700 ha total area. The project involved two stages: one to pre-stratify cutover stocking levels using 1:10,000 general-coverage, colour photos; and the second to sample intensively, stocking and density using 1:500 large-scale photos. The accuracy, cost and practical problems in using large-scale sampling photos for regeneration assessment were determined. Accuracy assessment included detectability of young trees, species interpretation, and reliability of stocking and density measurements. Stocking estimates were on average, only five percent lower than field survey results but could be calibrated using regression techniques. Large differences between field survey and photo estimates of density in stems/ha suggested such counts should not be made from large-scale photos. Density count differences were attributable to seedlings occurring in dense patches or clumps where field counts were also difficult. If survey objectives and methods are carefully planned, large-scale photos can be a suitable tool for assessing and monitoring the stocking and survival rates of coniferous forest regeneration. Key words: Forest regeneration appraisal, silviculture, inventory, sampling, large-scale photography.

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