scholarly journals Esophageal microbiota composition and outcome of esophageal cancer treatment: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor D Plat ◽  
Tessel M van Rossen ◽  
Freek Daams ◽  
Nanne K de Boer ◽  
Tim G J de Meij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Radio Therapy

Summary Background: The role of esophageal microbiota in esophageal cancer treatment is gaining renewed interest, largely driven by novel DNA-based microbiota analysis techniques. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of current literature on the possible association between esophageal microbiota and outcome of esophageal cancer treatment, including tumor response to (neo)adjuvant chemo(radio)therapy, short-term surgery-related complications, and long-term oncological outcome. Methods: A systematic review of literature was performed, bibliographic databases were searched and relevant articles were selected by two independent researchers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to estimate the quality of included studies. Results: The search yielded 1303 articles, after selection and cross-referencing, five articles were included for qualitative synthesis and four studies were considered of good quality. Two articles addressed tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and described a correlation between high intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum levels and a poor response. One study assessed surgery-related complications, in which no direct association between esophageal microbiota and occurrence of complications was observed. Three studies described a correlation between shortened survival and high levels of intratumoral F. nucleatum, a low abundance of Proteobacteria and high abundances of Prevotella and Streptococcus species. Conclusions: Current evidence points towards an association between esophageal microbiota and outcome of esophageal cancer treatment and justifies further research. Whether screening of the individual esophageal microbiota can be used to identify and select patients with a predisposition for adverse outcome needs to be further investigated. This could lead to the development of microbiota-based interventions to optimize esophageal microbiota composition, thereby improving outcome of patients with esophageal cancer.

scholarly journals Is Non-Chlamydial Non-Gonococcal Urethritis Associated with Significant Clinical Complications in Men? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra E.L. Fairhead ◽  
Alexander Hampson ◽  
Louis Dwyer-Hemmings ◽  
Nikhil Vasdev
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gonococcal Urethritis ◽  
Clinical Complications

Background: It is estimated that between 50 and 89% of non-gonococcal urethritis is not caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Associations between non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU) with balanoposthitis, epididymo-orchitis and reactive arthritis have been suggested, but evidence to support these often-theoretical relationships is sparse and further investigation is called for. Concerns over increasing antimicrobial resistance has rendered the need for clarity over this question ever more pressing in recent years. A review of the current evidence on the complications of NCNGU in men is therefore urgently warranted. Objective: This systematic review summarizes and evaluates the available evidence that NCNGU, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, causes the significant complications that are already well-recognized to be associated with non-gonococcal urethritis. These significant complications are epididymo-orchitis, balanoposthitis, and sexually-acquired reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome) including arthritis or conjunctivitis. Summary: We conducted a systematic review and qualitative synthesis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis framework. Five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and British Nursing Index) were searched. We included studies that measured clinical outcome after diagnosis of NCNGU in men. Bias was assessed using variations of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were extracted and entered into a pre-written data abstraction proforma. Seven peer-review studies were included. This included 2 retrospective cohort studies, 1 case series, 2 case reports and 2 cross-sectional studies. The studies described and analyzed 3 types of complication: balanitis, posthitis and/or meatitis; reactive arthritis and/or conjunctivitis; and epididymitis. All studies reported one or more complications. Key Messages: This review identifies an important avenue for future research: while the available evidence suggests that NCNGU has the potential to cause significant complications in men, with the strongest evidence existing for balanitis, posthitis and/or meatitis, the nature and significance of these relationships is far from clear. The findings of this review suggest that prospective, adequately powered research into whether there is a causal link between NCNGU and significant clinical complications in men would be highly worthwhile. The findings of this review raise important questions about the utility of the term NCNGU in research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 1057-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Angelakis ◽  
Emma Louise Gillespie ◽  
Maria Panagioti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types

AbstractThis comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the association between different types of childhood maltreatment and suicidality. We searched five bibliographic databases, including Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL, until January 2018. Random-effects meta-analysis was employed followed by univariable and multivariable meta-regressions. Heterogeneity was quantified using theI2statistic and formal publication bias tests were undertaken. The methodological quality of the studies was critically appraised and accounted in the meta-regression analyses. Data from 68 studies based onn= 261.660 adults were pooled. All different types of childhood maltreatment including sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.76–3.64], physical abuse (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09–3.04) and emotional abuse (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77) were associated with two- to three-fold increased risk for suicide attempts. Similar results were found for the association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation. Complex childhood abuse was associated with a particularly high risk for suicide attempts in adults (OR 5.18, 95% CI 2.52–10.63). Variations across the studies in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and other core methodological factors did not affect the findings of the main analyses. We conclude that there is solid evidence that childhood maltreatment is associated with increased odds for suicidality in adults. The main outstanding challenge is to better understand the mechanisms which underpin the development of suicidality in people exposed to childhood maltreatment because current evidence is scarce.

scholarly journals Oral Bacterial Microbiota in Digestive Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2585
Author(s):  
Elisa Reitano ◽  
Nicola de’Angelis ◽  
Paschalis Gavriilidis ◽  
Federica Gaiani ◽  
Riccardo Memeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Digestive Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Digestive Cancers

The relation between the gut microbiota and human health is increasingly recognized. Recently, some evidence suggested that dysbiosis of the oral microbiota may be involved in the development of digestive cancers. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the association between the oral microbiota and digestive cancers. Several databases including Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched by three independent reviewers, without date restriction. Over a total of 1654 records initially identified, 28 studies (2 prospective cohort studies and 26 case-controls) were selected. They investigated oral microbiota composition in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 5), gastric cancer (n = 5), colorectal cancer (n = 9), liver carcinoma (n = 2), and pancreatic cancer (n = 7). In most of the studies, oral microbiota composition was found to be different between digestive cancer patients and controls. Particularly, oral microbiota dysbiosis and specific bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, appeared to be associated with colorectal cancers. Current evidence suggests that differences exist in oral microbiota composition between patients with and without digestive cancers. Further studies are required to investigate and validate oral–gut microbial transmission patterns and their role in digestive cancer carcinogenesis.

Neoadjuvant therapy or upfront surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis of T2N0 esophageal cancer treatment options

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.C. Mota ◽  
I. Cecconello ◽  
F.R. Takeda ◽  
F. Tustumi ◽  
R.A.A. Sallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options

scholarly journals Relationship between Training Load Management and Immunoglobulin A to Avoid Immunosuppression after Soccer Training and Competition: A Theoretical Framework Based on COVID-19 for Athletes’ Healthcare

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Markel Rico-González ◽  
José Pino-Ortega ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Naia Bustamante-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Repeated Sprint

Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is the main effector against upper respiratory tract viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been related to training load management. The aim of this systematic review was to establish the relationship between training load and salivary IgA based on current evidence in order to avoid immunosuppression after exercise and players´ vulnerability to virus contagion. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) until 19 May 2021. From a total of 127 studies initially found, 23 were included in the qualitative synthesis. These studies were clustered depending on stress level. The salivary IgA was analysed considering soccer-specific treadmill exercise and repeated sprint drills (n = 5), matches (n = 7), and during certain periods during the season or pre-season (n = 11). Repeated sprint ability tests and treadmill exercises are suitable exercises for the first steps on return to play periods yet still maintain social distance. A rest or moderate training sessions (technical/tactical) are suggested after official matches to ensure 16–18 h to recover IgA levels, while periods with multiple matches per week with limited recovery time should be avoided. Weekly training load should assume a small increment (<10%) to ensure IgA immune responses, especially, during the post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) season.

scholarly journals Are physical factors associated with poor prognosis following a whiplash trauma?: a protocol for a systematic review and data synthesis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e033298
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alalawi ◽  
Alessio Gallina ◽  
Michele Sterling ◽  
Deborah Falla
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Whiplash Trauma

IntroductionMitigating the transition from acute to chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) is fundamental, and this could be achieved through early identification of individuals at risk. Several physical factors such as angular velocity, smoothness of neck movement and coactivation of neck flexors and extensors, have been observed in patients with WAD, but their predictive ability after a whiplash injury have not been considered in previous reviews. Therefore, the aim of the current protocol is to outline the protocol for a systematic review that synthesises the current evidence of which physical factors can predict ongoing pain and disability following a whiplash trauma.Methods and analysisTwo independent reviewers will search for studies in several electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science as well as grey literature. Observational cohort studies will be considered if they involve participants with acute WAD followed for at least 3 months post-injury. Studies will be required to assess the prognostic ability of one or more physical factors that directly involve a body function and/or structure and can be measured objectively. Further, patient-reported outcomes of physical function will be considered. The primary outcome for this review is Neck Disability Index, while all other validated measures will be considered as secondary outcomes. Risk of bias across individual studies will be assessed using the Quality In Prognostic Studies tool along with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method to assess the quality of evidence. A meta-analysis will be conducted depending on homogeneity and the number of available studies. If appropriate, data will be pooled and presented as odds ratios, otherwise, a qualitative synthesis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review. The result from this review will be published in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019122559

scholarly journals The Impact of Maternal Eating Disorders on Dietary Intake and Eating Patterns during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annica F. Dörsam ◽  
Hubert Preißl ◽  
Nadia Micali ◽  
Sophia B. Lörcher ◽  
Stephan Zipfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Impact

Maternal nutrition in pregnancy has a key influence on optimum fetal health. Eating disorders (EDs) during pregnancy may have detrimental effects on fetal growth and the child’s early development. There is limited knowledge concerning the eating behavior, dietary intake and derived nutritional biomarkers as well as the nutrient supplementation in women with EDs during pregnancy. We performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement to synthesize current evidence in this field. Of N = 1203 hits, 13 full-texts were included in the qualitative synthesis. While women with current Binge Eating Disorder (BED) showed higher energy and fat intakes during pregnancy, women with a lifetime Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) or both (AN + BN) had similar patterns of nutrient intake and dietary supplement use as healthy women. There is evidence, that women with a history of EDs have a sufficient diet quality and are more likely to be vegetarian. Dieting and bingeing improved substantially with pregnancy. The highlighted differences in the consumption of coffee/caffeine and artificially sweetened beverages as well as the elevated prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in women with a past or active ED during pregnancy might have an important impact on fetal development.

scholarly journals Atheroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Postmarketing Chinese Patent Formulas in Atherosclerosis Models: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Shiqi Chen ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wu ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Baofu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Chinese Patent ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Background. Some postmarketing Chinese patent formulas have been widely used to treat atherosclerosis (AS) and play critical roles in Chinese healthcare. However, the usage of these herbs is yet controversial due to unclear effects and lack of understanding of the mechanism of action. With the modernization of traditional Chinese formulas, we are to elucidate the atheroprotective properties of these remedies from successful postmarketing experiments in vivo. Methods. In this systematic review, we critically searched the databases, applied stringent criteria, assessed the methodological quality, and examined the current evidence in vivo. Results. Consequently, 60 studies were included in the present qualitative synthesis. Data on models, high-fat diet, intervention time, outcome measures, efficacy, and mechanisms were collected. Finally, 23 formulas that could alleviate AS were correlated to the amelioration of plaques, improvement of plaque stability, modification of lipid level and lipid metabolism, and the effects of anti-inflammation and antioxidant stress with multiple components and targets. However, the methodological quality was low and incomplete among the included literature. Conclusions. Thus, taken together, the studies on postmarketing Chinese patent formulas would provide a novel approach to improve the treatment of AS, and rigorously designed studies would provide high-quality evidence.

scholarly journals Protocol for a Systematic Review of Gamified Attention Bias Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Melvyn ◽  
Jiangbo Ying ◽  
Roger CM Ho
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Attention Bias Modification ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Bias Modification

UNSTRUCTURED Background Attention biases are subconscious processes that tend to result in individuals having increased attention for threatening or stimuli with high salience. These biases have been posited to be involved in the psychopathologies of several psychiatric disorders. Technological advances have transformed how such interventions are being delivered. Gamification technologies are increasingly being used for bias modification, as it could help increase motivation to train and make these tasks more engaging. While there are published research on gamification and attention bias, there remains several gaps in knowledge. Objectives The primary objective of the review is thus to identify attention bias modification games that have been published in the literature and to synthesise the current evidence for such interventions and to identify, if possible, the rationale for gamification. The secondary objective is to determine if gamified attention or cognitive bias modification influences secondary outcomes measures, as such anxiety levels or severity of depressive symptoms. Methods To achieve the objective of this review, a systematic review will be undertaken. For the studies that are identified, they will be reviewed by independent assessors and screened against our predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochrane risk of bias tool will be used for assessment of the risk of biases in randomised trials that have been identified. The evidence will be synthesized by means of a qualitative synthesis. Results We expect that the review will be completed 12 months from the publication of this protocol. Conclusions This review is pertinent as it helps to provide an overview of the evidence base for gamified attention bias interventions. The findings from the current review will help in the future conceptualisation of gamified attention bias interventions.

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