scholarly journals Oral Bacterial Microbiota in Digestive Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2585
Author(s):  
Elisa Reitano ◽  
Nicola de’Angelis ◽  
Paschalis Gavriilidis ◽  
Federica Gaiani ◽  
Riccardo Memeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Digestive Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Digestive Cancers

The relation between the gut microbiota and human health is increasingly recognized. Recently, some evidence suggested that dysbiosis of the oral microbiota may be involved in the development of digestive cancers. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the association between the oral microbiota and digestive cancers. Several databases including Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched by three independent reviewers, without date restriction. Over a total of 1654 records initially identified, 28 studies (2 prospective cohort studies and 26 case-controls) were selected. They investigated oral microbiota composition in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 5), gastric cancer (n = 5), colorectal cancer (n = 9), liver carcinoma (n = 2), and pancreatic cancer (n = 7). In most of the studies, oral microbiota composition was found to be different between digestive cancer patients and controls. Particularly, oral microbiota dysbiosis and specific bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, appeared to be associated with colorectal cancers. Current evidence suggests that differences exist in oral microbiota composition between patients with and without digestive cancers. Further studies are required to investigate and validate oral–gut microbial transmission patterns and their role in digestive cancer carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals The influence of orthodontic fixed appliances on the oral microbiota: A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Osório Ayres de Freitas ◽  
Mariana Marquezan ◽  
Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima ◽  
Daniela Sales Alviano ◽  
Lucianne Cople Maia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Objective: To investigate whether there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence of orthodontic fixed appliances influences the oral microbiota. Methods: The search for articles was conducted in PubMed; ISI Web of Knowledge and Ovid databases, including articles published in English until May 17th, 2012. They should report human observational studies presenting the following keywords: "fixed orthodontic appliance" AND "microbiological colonization"; OR "periodontal pathogens"; OR "Streptococcus"; OR "Lactobacillus"; OR "Candida"; OR "Tannerella forsythia"; OR "Treponema denticola"; OR "Fusobacterium nucleatum"; OR "Actimomyces actinomycetemcomitans"; OR "Prevotella intermedia", OR "Prevotella nigrescens"; OR "Porphyromonas gingivalis". Articles were previously selected by title and abstract. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality. A new detailed checklist for quality assessment was developed based on the information required for applicable data extraction for reviews. The study design, sample, follow-up period, collection and microbial analysis methods, statistical treatment, results and discussion were assessed. Results: The initial search retrieved 305 articles of which 33 articles were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria, out of which 4 articles were classified as having low and 4 as moderate methodological quality. The moderate methodological quality studies were included in the systematic review. Conclusions: The literature revealed moderate evidence that the presence of fixed appliances influences the quantity and quality of oral microbiota.

scholarly journals Current Evidence on Traditional Chinese Exercise for Cancers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5011
Author(s):  
Yang Song ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Bíró István ◽  
Anand Thirupathi ◽  
Minjun Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Conventional Medical Treatment ◽  
Larger Sample

Traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) has gradually become one of the widespread complementary therapies for treatment and recovery of cancers. However, evidence based on the systematic evaluation of its efficacy is lacking, and there appears to be no conclusion regarding the setting of TCE interventions. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that outline the effects of TCE on cancer patients. Relevant studies were searched by GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCIENCEDIRECT, and WEB OF SCIENCE using “traditional Chinese exercise” and “cancer.” Only RCTs published in peer-reviewed English journals were included. A total of 27 studies covering 1616 cancer patients satisfied the eligibility criteria for this review. Despite the methodological limitation and relatively high risk of bias possessed by some included studies, positive evidence was still detected on the effects of TCE on these cancer-related health outcomes in physical, psychological, and physiological parameters. The 60-min or 90-min course of TCE intervention for two to three times per week for 10 to 12 weeks was found to be the most common setting in these studies and has effectively benefited cancer patients. These findings add scientific support to encourage cancer patients to practice TCE during or after conventional medical treatment. Nevertheless, future well-designed RCTs with improved methodology and larger sample size on this field are much warranted for further verification.

Prognostic and predictive value of EGFR and EGFR-ligands in blood of breast cancer patients: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Mathilde Kjaer ◽  
Troels Bechmann ◽  
Ivan Brandslund ◽  
Jonna Skov Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Egfr Ligands

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) serves as a co-target for dual/pan-EGFR-inhibitors in breast cancer. Findings suggest that EGFR and EGFR-ligands are involved in resistance towards certain breast cancer treatments. The aim is to explore the validity of EGFR and EGFR-ligands in blood as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. The systematic review was conducted in accordance to the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted to identify publications exploring correlations between EGFR/EGFR-ligands in serum/plasma of breast cancer patients and prognostic/predictive outcome measures. Sixteen publications were eligible for inclusion. Twelve studies evaluated EGFR, whereas five studies evaluated one or more of the EGFR-ligands. Current evidence indicates associations between low baseline serum-EGFR and shorter survival or reduced response to treatment in patients with advanced breast cancer, especially in patients with estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive tumors. The prognostic and predictive value of EGFR and EGFR-ligands in blood has only been investigated in highly selected subsets of breast cancer patients and most studies were small. This is the first systematic review evaluating the utility of EGFR and EGFR-ligands as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in blood in breast cancer. Further exploration in large well-designed studies is needed.

scholarly journals The Risk of Psychological Stress on Cancer Recurrence: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5816
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Muk Oh ◽  
Chang-Gue Son
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Data Points

Cancer recurrence is a significant clinical issue in cancer treatment. Psychological stress has been known to contribute to the incidence and progression of cancer; however, its effect on cancer recurrence remains inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review to examine the current evidence from the Medline (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Library up to May 2021. Among 35 relevant articles, a total of 6 studies (10 data points) were finally selected, which enrolled 26,329 patients (26,219 breast cancer patients except hepatocellular carcinoma patients in 1 study), 4 cohort studies (8 data points) and 2 RCTs (2 data points). Among the 8 data points in cohort studies, four psychological stress-related factors (two ‘anxiety’, one ‘depression’, and one ‘hostility’) were shown to be moderately related with the risk for cancer recurrence, while ‘loss of partner’ resulted in opposite outcomes. The ‘emotional‘ and ‘mental’ health factors showed conflicting results, and an RCT-derived meta-analysis proved the positive efficiency of psychotherapies in reducing the cancer recurrence risk among breast cancer patients (HR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.33–0.84). Despite the limitations, this study produces comprehensive information about the effect of psychological stress on cancer recurrence and provides reference data to clinicians and scientists for further studies.

Self-Management Interventions for Psychological Distress in Adult Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1407-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica I. Goldberg ◽  
Dena Schulman-Green ◽  
Marisol Hernandez ◽  
Judith E. Nelson ◽  
Elizabeth Capezuti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Symptom Experience ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Disease Experience ◽  
The Relationship

Psychological distress is prevalent among cancer patients, who may be vulnerable to distress at times of transition, such as a change in symptom experience, employment, or goal of treatment. Independently, both psychological distress and transitions impair patients’ quality of life, and together their adverse impact may be intensified. Self-management allows patients to engage in tasks that influence the disease experience and can include strategies to help mitigate distress associated with transitions. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine research on the relationship between self-management interventions and distress in adult cancer patients receiving active tumor-directed therapy. From a search of seven electronic databases, 5,156 articles were identified; however, nine studies met inclusion criteria. Our review suggested that self-management interventions may help address psychological distress in patients receiving cancer treatment but that the current evidence is not robust enough to support a definitive conclusion.

scholarly journals Impact of BMI on Survival Outcomes of Immunotherapyin Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2628
Author(s):  
Alice Indini ◽  
Erika Rijavec ◽  
Michele Ghidini ◽  
Gianluca Tomasello ◽  
Monica Cattaneo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Retrospective Nature

Growing research has focused on obesity as a prognostic factor during therapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The role of body-mass index (BMI) in predicting response and toxicity to ICIs is not clear, as studies have shown inconsistent results and significant interpretation biases. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the relationship between BMI and survival outcomes during ICIs, with a side focus on the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). A total of 17 studies were included in this systematic review. Altogether, the current evidence does not support a clearly positive association of BMI with survival outcomes. Regarding toxicities, available studies confirm a superimposable rate of irAEs among obese and normal weight patients. Intrinsic limitations of the analyzed studies include the retrospective nature, the heterogeneity of patients’ cohorts, and differences in BMI categorization for obese patients across different studies. These factors might explain the heterogeneity of available results, and the subsequent absence of a well-established role of baseline BMI on the efficacy of ICIs among cancer patients. Further prospective studies are needed, in order to clarify the role of obesity in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy.

scholarly journals The prevalence and the impact of sarcopenia in digestive cancers. A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Haiducu ◽  
Adrian Buzea ◽  
Liliana Elena Mirea ◽  
Gheorghe Andrei Dan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Digestive Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Digestive Cancers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass, associated with low muscle strength and/or poor physical performance. Assessing the prevalence of sarcopenia among digestive cancers and establishing the impact that sarcopenia has on the postoperative evolution of digestive tumors may be a central pillar in improving postoperative outcomes by caring for perioperative sarcopenia. This brief review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in digestive cancer patients. Method and materials: PubMed database was searched for” sarcopenia” AND” digestive cancers” from January 1st, 2010, through September 30th, 2020. PRISMA guideline was used for this systematic review. After the selection process, 31 complete studies were included in our review. Assessment of sarcopenia diagnosis for the studies included in this systematic review was based on a computed tomographic calculation of the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra. Results: Among a total of 11651 patients with digestive cancers, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 43.68%. The highest prevalence of sarcopenic patients was in esophageal (70.4%) and hepatic (60.3%) cancer, following by biliary tract (49.3%), pancreatic (45.70%), colorectal (42.83%), cancer, and gastric cancer (32.05%) with the lowest prevalence. The results of studies conducted by now regarding the prevalence of sarcopenia in digestive cancers and its relevance in the evolution of these cancers are discordant and uneven. Some studies show that the presence of sarcopenia in patients with digestive cancers is associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications, increased toxicity of chemotherapeutics and increased mortality. Other studies, do not find sarcopenia as an independent risk factor associated with negative consequences in the course of patients with digestive cancers. Conclusions: Sarcopenia is prevalent in digestive cancers. There is still no consensus about the impact of sarcopenia on the treatment of digestive cancers. Further studies are needed to evaluate the real consequences of sarcopenia in digestive cancers.

scholarly journals Immune checkpoint inhibitor does not increase risks of poor outcomes in cancer patients with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Lazarus ◽  
Refael Alfa Budiman ◽  
Ikhwan Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Quality Evidence

Abstract Background The association between prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and outcomes of cancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has yet to be systematically evaluated. As the current evidence remains equivocal, this meta-analysis aims to investigate the effects of ICI treatment on COVID-19 prognosis, including mortality, severity, and hospitalization.Methods Eligible studies published up to 14 September 2020 were included and assessed for risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled effect size along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of body evidence was evaluated using the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.Results Six studies involving a total of 1647 COVID-19-infected cancer patients were included in the systematic review. We discovered that prior ICI exposure was not associated with COVID-19 mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.93 [95% CI: 0.37-2.36]; I2=30%), severity (OR 1.15 [95% CI: 0.40-3.28]; I2=0%), and hospitalization (OR 1.35 [95% CI: 0.64-2.87]; I2=51%). However, we discovered that prior exposure to chemoimmunotherapy predicted COVID-19 severity (OR 8.19 [95% CI: 2.67-25.08]; I2=0%), albeit with small sample size. GRADE assessments resulted in moderate-quality evidence for mortality, while the other outcomes yielded very low-to-low-quality evidenceConclusion Our findings indicated that ICI treatment should not be adjourned nor terminated during the current pandemic. Rather, COVID-19 vigilance should be increased, especially in patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy. Further studies with larger ICI cohorts are required to confirm our findingsTrial registration number: This project has been prospectively registered at PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42020202142) on 4 August 2020.

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