scholarly journals P688 Association of Akkermansia muciniphila with a healthy gut microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S606-S607
Author(s):  
S Ellul ◽  
P Rausch ◽  
A PIsani ◽  
C Bang ◽  
P Ellul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis

Abstract Background Comprehensive knowledge of the types and ratios of microbes present in the healthy gastrointestinal human gut is required before any study is attempted to alter the microbiome to treat one condition. Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium, belonging to the phylum Verrucomicrobia, has been inversely associated with inflammation and diabetes whilst it has been internationally proposed as one of the contributors for maintaining a healthy gut and glucose homeostasis. Studies noted that higher amounts of this microorganism in the gut microbiota was linked to a metabolically healthier lifestyle; therefore, linking an interaction between the gut bacterial richness and abundance of A. muciniphila. This organism was noted to improve the gut barrier using its outer membrane protein Amuc 1100, which seems to interact with Toll-like receptor 2, whilst potentially adhering to intestinal epithelial cells, leading its role in balancing the human immunological homeostasis whilst strengthening the monolayer integrity of the wall. The aim of this study was to assess if there is any difference in the presence of Akkermansia muciniphila between IBD patients and controls. Methods Faecal microbiota from newly diagnosed treatment naïve IBD patients and controls were analysed via the bacterial 16s rRNA gene sequencing on illumine MiSeq. Results 100 patients with IBD and 97 controls were recruited. Forty-one different ASVs were identified from our cohort, all of which being differentially abundant between the different health conditions present. From these, 20 ASVs such as ASV-14 G-Alistipes uncl., and ASV 20-Akkermansia muciniphila, were found to be more abundant in healthy individuals than in IBD patients. There was no dietary association. Conclusion In this study Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly found in higher amount in the healthy control population than in the IBD cohort. The potential role of repopulating the gut bacteria with Akkermansia muciniphila needs to be investigated as to reduce the burden of disease, medications prescribed and the clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Insight Into the Potential Value of Gut Microbial Signatures for Prediction of Gestational Anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongcheng Wei ◽  
Siting Deng ◽  
Yufeng Qin ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Validation Set

The gut microbiota alternations are associated with gestational anemia (GA); however, limited predictive value for the subsequent incidence of anemia in normal gestational women has been obtained. We sought to rigorously characterise gut dysbiosis in subjects with GA and explored the potential predictive value of novel microbial signatures for the risk of developing GA. A prospective cohort of subjects with GA (n = 156) and healthy control (n = 402), all of whom were free of GA in the second trimester, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted. Microbial signatures altered dramatically in GA compared with healthy control in the second trimester. Megamonas, Veillonella, and Haemophilus were confirmed to show differential abundances in GA after adjusting for covariates. On the contrary, Lachnospiraceae and Blautia were enriched in control. Microbial co-abundance group (CAG) network was constructed. Prospectively, CAG network relatively accurately predicted upcoming GA in normal pregnant women with an AUC of 0.7738 (95%CI: 0.7171, 0.8306) and the performance was further validated in Validation set (0.8223, 95%CI: 0.7573, 0.8874). Overall, our study demonstrated that alterations in the gut microbial community were associated with anemia in pregnancy and microbial signatures could accurately predict the subsequent incidence of anemia in normal pregnant women. Our findings provided new insights into understanding the role of gut microbiota in GA, identifying high-risk individuals, and modulating gut microbiota as a therapeutic target, thus improving quality of life and well-being of women and children.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Propionispora sp. Strain 2/2-37, a New Xylan-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from a Mesophilic Biogas Reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela E. Koeck ◽  
Irena Maus ◽  
Daniel Wibberg ◽  
Anika Winkler ◽  
Vladimir V. Zverlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Biogas Reactor ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The novel mesophilic bacterial strain Propionispora sp. 2/2-37 was isolated from an industrial-scale biogas plant. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolate constitutes a new subcluster within the order Selenomonadales . The 2/2-37 draft genome sequence was established and provides the genetic basis for application of this microorganism in degradation of biomass for bio-fuel production.

scholarly journals Microbacterium xylanilyticum sp. nov., a xylan-degrading bacterium isolated from a biofilm

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 2075-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Kyu Kim ◽  
Hye Yoon Park ◽  
Wooshin Park ◽  
In S. Kim ◽  
Sung-Taik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A novel xylan-degrading bacterium, S3-ET, was isolated from the biofilm of a membrane bioreactor. The cells of this strain were Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods, produced primary branches and formed yellow colonies on nutrient agar. The strain had chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with classification in the genus Microbacterium, i.e. MK-12, MK-11 and MK-13 as the major menaquinones, predominant iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids, glucose and galactose as the cell-wall sugars, peptidoglycan-type B2β with glycolyl residues and a DNA G+C content of 69·7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that strain S3-ET is most similar to Microbacterium hominis IFO 15708T and Microbacterium foliorum DSM 12966T (97·6 and 97·4 % sequence similarity, respectively), and that it forms a separate lineage with M. hominis in the genus Microbacterium. DNA–DNA hybridization results and phenotypic properties showed that strain S3-ET could be distinguished from all known Microbacterium species and represented a novel species, for which the name Microbacterium xylanilyticum sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is S3-ET (=DSM 16914T=KCTC 19079T).

scholarly journals A case–control study on the association of intestinal flora with ulcerative colitis

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-hua Tang ◽  
Hong-cheng Liu ◽  
Guang Song ◽  
Tian-tian Wu ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractThe association between intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis (UC) was studied in order to provide a basis and method for clinical treatment. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 30 active UC patients and 10 healthy controls. The intestinal flora DNA from each sample was extracted and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out using HiSeq platform to identify the intestinal flora in fecal samples. The richness and diversity of intestinal flora in UC patients were significantly lower than those in healthy control group (P < 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the intestinal flora-species of UC patients and healthy controls. Synergistetes (P < 0.01) and Firmicutes (P < 0.05), along with probiotics Veillonella (P < 0.01), Ruminococcus and Coprococcus (P < 0.05) in the UC patients were lower than that in the healthy controls significantly. Furthermore, compared with the control group, Tenericutes (P < 0.01) and intestinal pathogenic bacteria, including Bacteroides (P < 0.01), Escherichia and Sutterella (P < 0.05) were significantly increased. The incidence of UC is significantly associated with the changes in intestinal flora. Changes in intestinal flora may lead to a decrease in the diversity of intestinal flora or to the enrichment of a particular intestinal flora.

Screening and Molecular Characterization of Cellulase Producing Actinobacteria from Litchi Orchard

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Sanju Kumari ◽  
Utkarshini Sharma ◽  
Rohit Krishna ◽  
Kanak Sinha ◽  
Santosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Background: Cellulolysis is of considerable economic importance in laundry detergents, textile and pulp and paper industries and in fermentation of biomass into biofuels. Objective: The aim was to screen cellulase producing actinobacteria from the fruit orchard because of its requirement in several chemical reactions. Methods: Strains of actinobacteria were isolated on Sabouraud’s agar medium. Similarities in cultural and biochemical characterization by growing the strains on ISP medium and dissimilarities among them perpetuated to recognise nine groups of actinobacteria. Cellulase activity was measured by the diameter of clear zone around colonies on CMC agar and the amount of reducing sugar liberated from carboxymethyl cellulose in the supernatant of the CMC broth. Further, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and molecular characterization were placed before NCBI for obtaining recognition with accession numbers. Results: Prominent clear zones on spraying Congo Red were found around the cultures of strains of three groups SK703, SK706, SK708 on CMC agar plates. The enzyme assay for carboxymethylcellulase displayed extra cellulase activity in broth: 0.14, 0.82 and 0.66 &#181;mol mL-1 min-1, respectively at optimum conditions of 35°C, pH 7.3 and 96 h of incubation. However, the specific cellulase activities per 1 mg of protein did not differ that way. It was 1.55, 1.71 and 1.83 μmol mL-1 min-1. The growing mycelia possessed short compact chains of 10-20 conidia on aerial branches. These morphological and biochemical characteristics, followed by their verification by Bergey’s Manual, categorically allowed the strains to be placed under actinobacteria. Further, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, molecular characterization and their evolutionary relationship through phylogenetics also confirmed the putative cellulase producing isolates of SK706 and SK708 subgroups to be the strains of Streptomyces. These strains on getting NCBI recognition were christened as Streptomyces glaucescens strain SK91L (KF527284) and Streptomyces rochei strain SK78L (KF515951), respectively. Conclusion: Conclusive evidence on the basis of different parameters established the presence of cellulase producing actinobacteria in the litchi orchard which can convert cellulose into fermentable sugar.

scholarly journals Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jianqing Zhu ◽  
Jie Fang ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Shuojia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Inference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

scholarly journals Much ado about nothing? Off-target amplification can lead to false-positive bacterial brain microbiome detection in healthy and Parkinson’s disease individuals

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis R. Bedarf ◽  
Naiara Beraza ◽  
Hassan Khazneh ◽  
Ezgi Özkurt ◽  
David Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background Recent studies suggested the existence of (poly-)microbial infections in human brains. These have been described either as putative pathogens linked to the neuro-inflammatory changes seen in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or as a “brain microbiome” in the context of healthy patients’ brain samples. Methods Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we tested the hypothesis that there is a bacterial brain microbiome. We evaluated brain samples from healthy human subjects and individuals suffering from PD (olfactory bulb and pre-frontal cortex), as well as murine brains. In line with state-of-the-art recommendations, we included several negative and positive controls in our analysis and estimated total bacterial biomass by 16S rRNA gene qPCR. Results Amplicon sequencing did detect bacterial signals in both human and murine samples, but estimated bacterial biomass was extremely low in all samples. Stringent reanalyses implied bacterial signals being explained by a combination of exogenous DNA contamination (54.8%) and false positive amplification of host DNA (34.2%, off-target amplicons). Several seemingly brain-enriched microbes in our dataset turned out to be false-positive signals upon closer examination. We identified off-target amplification as a major confounding factor in low-bacterial/high-host-DNA scenarios. These amplified human or mouse DNA sequences were clustered and falsely assigned to bacterial taxa in the majority of tested amplicon sequencing pipelines. Off-target amplicons seemed to be related to the tissue’s sterility and could also be found in independent brain 16S rRNA gene sequences. Conclusions Taxonomic signals obtained from (extremely) low biomass samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing must be scrutinized closely to exclude the possibility of off-target amplifications, amplicons that can only appear enriched in biological samples, but are sometimes assigned to bacterial taxa. Sequences must be explicitly matched against any possible background genomes present in large quantities (i.e., the host genome). Using close scrutiny in our approach, we find no evidence supporting the hypothetical presence of either a brain microbiome or a bacterial infection in PD brains.

scholarly journals The growth response of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. FARO 44) in vitro after inoculation with bacterial isolates from a typical ferruginous ultisol

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Saheed Ibrahim ◽  
Beckley Ikhajiagbe
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background Rice forms a significant portion of food consumed in most household worldwide. Rice production has been hampered by soil factors such as ferruginousity which has limited phosphorus availability; an important mineral component for the growth and yield of rice. The presence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in soils has been reported to enhance phosphate availability. In view of this, the present study employed three bacteria species (BCAC2, EMBF2 and BCAF1) that were previously isolated and proved P solubilization capacities as inocula to investigate the growth response of rice germinants in an in vitro setup. The bacteria isolates were first identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and then applied as inoculum. The inolula were prepared in three concentrations (10, 7.5 and 5.0 ml) following McFarland standard. Viable rice (var. FARO 44) seeds were sown in petri dishes and then inoculated with the three inocula at the different concentrations. The setup was studied for 28 days. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolates as: isolate BCAC2= Bacillus cereus strain GGBSU-1, isolate BCAF1= Proteus mirabilis strain TL14-1 and isolate EMBF2= Klebsiella variicola strain AUH-KAM-9. Significant improvement in rice germination, morphology, physiology and biomass parameters in the bacteria-inoculated setups was observed compared to the control. Germination percentage after 4 days was 100 % in the inoculated rice germinants compared to 65% in the control (NiS). Similarly, inoculation with the test isolates enhanced water-use efficiency by over 40%. The rice seedlings inoculated with Bacillus cereus strain GGBSU-1 (BiS) showed no signs of chlorosis and necrosis throughout the study period as against those inoculated with Proteus mirabilis strain TL14-1 (PiS) and Klebsiella variicola strain AUH-KAM-9 (KiS). Significant increase in chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and alpha amylase was observed in the rice seedlings inoculated with BiS as against the NiS. Conclusion Inoculating rice seeds with Bacillus cereus strain GGBSU-1, Proteus mirabilis strain TL14-1 and Klebsiella variicola strain AUH-KAM-9 in an in vitro media significantly improved growth parameters of the test plant. Bacillus cereus strain GGBSU-1 showed higher efficiency due to a more improved growth properties observed.

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