Social status and dietary habits of the population (PURE study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Tsygankova ◽  
G.V Artamonova ◽  
O.L Barbarash
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Effective Prevention

Abstract Introduction Recent data indicate that the population diet quality is related to its socio-economic status. Identification of dietary characteristics depending on the population status will help to determine effective prevention strategies diet-related diseases. Objective To assess the population dietary pattern depending on their income level, education and marital status. Methods A total of 1,600 people aged 35–70 years were examined in accordance with the program of Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. All participants were interviewed to determine the level of education, income, marital status and dependents. Diet was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. During data processing, products with similar characteristics were grouped into categories. To calculate the consumption frequency of particular group of products, following points were assigned: never, less than once a month – 1 point; 1–3 times a month – 2; once a week – 3; 2–4 times a week – 4; 5–6 times a week – 5; once a day – 6; 2–3 times a day – 7; 4–5 times a day – 8; more than 6 times a day – 9 points. Statistical processing was carried out using a software package Statistica 6.0. Results Women were more likely to eat fruits (27.37±8.50 points, p=0.000), vegetables (95.56±22.01 points, p=0.000) and cereals (16.02±4.08, p=0,000) than men. The consumption of the above mentioned products increased with age. In comparison with rural population, urban population were more likely to eat fruits in season (27.0±8.66 and 25.8±7.99 points respectively, p=0.028) and nuts (2.25±1.37 and 1.98±1.30 points, p=0.000). University-educated responders compared to less educated respondents more often used the following product groups: grain/cereals (16.15±4.06 and 15.22±4.20 points, p=0.000), nuts (2.40±1.40 and 2.04±1.31 points, p=0.000). High-income respondents compared with low-income subjects were more likely to eat fruits in season (27.75±8.55 and 26.26±8.41 points, p=0.001), vegetables out of season (76.83±18.57 and 74.99±18.49 points, p=0.047), products of animal origin (47.23±10.35 and 45.56±9.99 points, p=0.005). High-income respondents preferred sweets less than respondents with a low-income level. In contrast to single respondents, people living with a family were more like to consume fruits in season (27.00±8.43 and 26.01±8.53, p=0.038), heat-treated vegetables (32.08±8.40 and 30.73±8.55, p=0.001), animal products (47.51±9.84 and 43.06±10.00 points, p=0.000), soups (17.13±4.55 and 16.17±4.61 points, p=0.000), potatoes (25.49±5.33 and 24.20±6.04 points, p=0.000) and bakery products (40.93±7.09 and 39.93±8.04, p=0.008). Conclusion The urban population with a high level of income, educated at university and having a family, as well as women and older age group responders, more often ate fruits and vegetables, cereals, nuts than respondents living in rural areas with a low level of income and education or without family. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): Pfizer initiative reserch grant

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONSUMSI PANGAN TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI LAMPUNG

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meliyanah Meliyanah ◽  
Suhatmini Hardyastuti ◽  
Djuwari Djuwari
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

This research diamed to: 1) knowing the selft-price elasticity, cross-price elasticity and income elasticity of consumption per food item on household level according to location and income level; and 2) knowing the reation between level of income and food consumption on household level according to location and income level.This research used data from SUSENAS of Lmapung Province in 2002 with number of sample of 2091 household, which being differed between rural and urban areas based on low, middle, and high level of income. The data analysis used tobit model and sensored regression.The result showed that: 1) the demand of rice and beeh for household consumption in every level of income in rural and urban areas were inelastic; 2) Coen only been consumed by low income level household in rural areas and the demand was inelastic; 3) the demand of cassava for household consumption on low income level in urban area was elastic, While in middle income level, high income level and every level of income in rural area, cassava demand was inelastic. Cassava was considered as inferior goods; 4) The demand of fish for household consumption an every level of income in rural and urban areas was elastic. Household in rural area on every level of income and in urban areas on middle and high income level consider fish as a main necessity. While on low income level  household in urban areas, it was considered as classy/exclusive good; 5) the demand of chicken; for household in rural areas on middle and high income level was inelastic. When in rural low income level and urban middle and high income level, was inelastic chicken meat was considend as classy/exclusive good the rural low income level household; 6) egg demand for household consumption in rural areas on every level of income was inelastic, while in urban area it was elastic for every level income; 7) the rural and urban household on every level of income considered rice as the stpale food; 8) Household in rural and urban areas on middle and high level of income considered beef as main necessity; 9) On household with middle income level in rural areas, egg was considere as inferior good; while an low income level in urban areas, egg was considere as expensive good.

scholarly journals Relationships’ Among Dietary Habits, Economic Status and Type 2 Diabetes Risk on Turkish Female University Students Living with Their Families or in the Dormitory

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1348-1348
Author(s):  
Angelos Sikalidis ◽  
Çağla Pınarlı
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
University Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
The Other

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate relationships between dietary habits, income levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in Turkish female university students who are living with their family or in the dormitory. Methods This work was a cross-sectional study conducted during December 2017 – February 2018 in Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University. A survey was applied on 127 female students of which 60 were living with their family and 40 in dormitory. Income level was determined based on TURKSTAT 2015 percentiles. T2DM risk was determined using the Finnish Diabetes Association Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form. Food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall results were analysed by specially developed for Turkey diet analysis software Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi (BeBiS). Data were statistically analysed with SPSS for Windows 20.0. Results Our results show university students do not have adequate and balanced nutrition in general. On the other hand, students who are living with their family have more better nutritional results than students who are live in dormitory (P < 0.05). According to income level, in most cases students in high income have more better results about diet quality than students in low income (P < 0.05). Students in high income have less type 2 diabetes risk comparing to students in low income (P < 0.05). There is not a significant relationship between income level and type 2 diabetes risk in students who are living with their family. On the other hand, students who are living in dormitory have significant relationship between income level and type 2 diabetes risk (P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a significant relationship between income level, dietary habits and type 2 diabetes risk in most cases. University students should take education about healthy nutrition. Our work demonstrates that students who are living in dormitory need more training programs. Students who are in more risk about type 2 diabetes should take education about protection from type 2 diabetes. Funding Sources Endowment Fund for Research in Health Sciences, of Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University project code: SBF-120,705,051-2017; grant.

scholarly journals Income and Marital Status Interact on Obesity Among Black and White Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831982995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryn N. Bell ◽  
Roland J. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
White Men ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
High Income ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Increased Risk

Racial disparities in obesity among men are accompanied by positive associations between income and obesity among Black men only. Race also moderates the positive association between marital status and obesity. This study sought to determine how race, income, and marital status interact on obesity among men. Using data from the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, obesity was measured as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 among 6,145 Black and White men. Income was measured by percentage of the federal poverty line and marital status was categorized as currently, formerly, or never married. Using logistic regression and interaction terms, the associations between income and obesity were assessed by race and marital status categories adjusted for covariates. Black compared to White (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.03, 1.38]), currently married compared to never married (OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.24, 1.69]), and high-income men compared to low income men (OR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.06, 1.50]) had higher odds of obesity. A three-way interaction was significant and analyses identified that income was positively associated with obesity among currently married Black men and never married White men with the highest and lowest probabilities of obesity, respectively. High-income, currently married Black men had higher obesity rates and may be at increased risk for obesity-related morbidities.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Income Level on Mortality after Stroke: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8348
Author(s):  
Seungmin Jeong ◽  
Sung-il Cho ◽  
So Yeon Kong
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Stroke Event ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Medical Aid ◽  
Post Stroke

We investigated whether income level has long-term effects on mortality rate in stroke patients and whether this varies with time after the first stroke event, using the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2015 in South Korea. The study population was new-onset stroke patients ≥18 years of age. Patients were categorized into Category (1) insured employees and Category (2) insured self-employed/Medical Aid beneficiaries. Each category was divided into three and four income level groups, retrospectively. The study population comprised of 11,668 patients. Among the Category 1 patients (n = 7720), the low-income group’s post-stroke mortality was 1.15-fold higher than the high-income group. Among the Category 2 patients (n = 3948), the lower income groups had higher post-stroke mortality than the high-income group (middle-income, aOR (adjusted odds ratio) 1.29; low-income, aOR 1.70; Medical Aid beneficiaries, aOR 2.19). In this category, the lower income groups’ post-stroke mortality risks compared to the high-income group were highest at 13–36 months after the first stroke event(middle-income, aOR 1.52; low-income, aOR 2.31; Medical Aid beneficiaries, aOR 2.53). Medical Aid beneficiaries had a significantly higher post-stroke mortality risk than the high-income group at all time points.

8.1 Appraisal and finance of intensive animal production schemes

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
W. Schaefer-Kehnert
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Wide Experience ◽  
The One

It is a world-wide experience that economic growth creates an increasing demand for food of animal origin, and, once a certain income level is reached, the demand for food of vegetable origin shrinks. Therefore, the proportion of animal products in the human diet is almost an indicator of the income level achieved by certain population groups or whole countries (excluding vegetarian societies on the one hand and pastoral societies on the other). FAO's provisional food balance sheets (FAO, 1977) indicate that, in most low income countries, animal products contribute less than 10% to total energy intake, whereas in high income countries they contribute almost 50%

scholarly journals Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine uptake on childhood pneumonia mortality across income levels in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Kayoko Shioda ◽  
Cristiana M. Toscano ◽  
Maria Tereza Valenzuela ◽  
William Valdez Huarcaya ◽  
Joshua L. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have prevented deaths due to pneumonia among children. The effect may differ between higher- and lower-income populations due to various factors, such as differences in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes, healthcare access, and PCV uptake. This study aims to evaluate an association between increasing PCV coverage and population-level declines in death due to pneumonia and its variation by socioeconomic status of subnational regions. Methods: We analyzed municipality-level mortality data from 2005 and 2015 for children aged 2-23 months in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. We fit Poisson regression models to estimate the relationship between changes in PCV uptake and deaths due to all-cause pneumonia among subnational regions with different income levels. We controlled for changes unrelated to PCV by using data on non-respiratory deaths over time. Results: Uptake of the third dose of PCV varied across subnational regions and was higher in high-income regions. Higher uptake of PCV was associated with larger declines in pneumonia mortality. This association did not differ by income level of the region in Brazil and Colombia. In Peru, low-income regions observed larger declines in pneumonia deaths, but there was large uncertainty in the difference between the low- and high-income regions. We estimated that, with 90% coverage, there would be 4-38% declines in all-cause pneumonia mortality across income levels and countries. Conclusions: Regions with higher PCV coverage experienced larger declines in pneumonia deaths, regardless of the income level. Having more reliable data on mortality records and vaccine uptake would improve the reliability of vaccine impact estimates.

scholarly journals Developing indicators of age-friendly neighbourhood environments for urban and rural communities across 20 low-, middle-, and high-income countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Rugel ◽  
Clara K. Chow ◽  
Daniel J. Corsi ◽  
Perry Hystad ◽  
Sumathy Rangarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Income ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Traffic Lights

Abstract Background By 2050, the global population of adults 60 + will reach 2.1 billion, surging fastest in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed indicators of age-friendly urban environments, but these criteria have been challenging to apply in rural areas and LMIC. This study fills this gap by adapting the WHO indicators to such settings and assessing variation in their availability by community-level urbanness and country-level income. Methods We used data from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study’s environmental-assessment tools, which integrated systematic social observation and ecometrics to reliably capture community-level environmental features associated with cardiovascular-disease risk factors. The results of a scoping review guided selection of 18 individual indicators across six distinct domains, with data available for 496 communities in 20 countries, including 382 communities (77%) in LMIC. Finally, we used both factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD) and multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) approaches to describe relationships between indicators and domains, as well as detailing the extent to which these relationships held true within groups defined by urbanness and income. Results Together, the results of the FAMD and MTMM approaches indicated substantial variation in the relationship of individual indicators to each other and to broader domains, arguing against the development of an overall score and extending prior evidence demonstrating the need to adapt the WHO framework to the local context. Communities in high-income countries generally ranked higher across the set of indicators, but regular connections to neighbouring towns via bus (95%) and train access (76%) were most common in low-income countries. The greatest amount of variation by urbanness was seen in the number of streetscape-greenery elements (33 such elements in rural areas vs. 55 in urban), presence of traffic lights (18% vs. 67%), and home-internet availability (25% vs. 54%). Conclusions This study indicates the extent to which environmental supports for healthy ageing may be less readily available to older adults residing in rural areas and LMIC and augments calls to tailor WHO’s existing indicators to a broader range of communities in order to achieve a critical aspect of distributional equity in an ageing world.

scholarly journals Association between commensality with depression and suicidal ideation of Korean adults: the sixth and seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013, 2015, 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Hee Son ◽  
Sarah Soyeon Oh ◽  
Sung-In Jang ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park ◽  
So-Hee Park
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
National Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Income ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The City

Abstract Objectives This study investigated whether commensality (eating a meal with others) is associated with mental health (depression, suicidal ideation) in Korean adults over 19 years old. Methods Our study employed data from the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (KNHANES) for 2013, 2015, and 2017. The study population consisted of 14,125 Korean adults (5854 men and 8271 women). In this cross-sectional study, data were analyzed with the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression to evaluate the association between commensality(0[includes skipping meals] to 3 times eating meals together) and both depression and suicidal ideation using select questions from the Mental Health Survey. By setting socioeconomic factors, health conditions, and behavioral factors as confounders, we conducted a subgroup analysis to reveal the effect on depression and suicidal ideation commensality. Results Commensality was significantly associated with depression and suicidal ideation (p < 0.05). In both sexes, people who ate fewer meals together had poorer mental health. In a subgroup analysis, we revealed greater odds of developing depression in men when living in rural areas and belonging to low-income groups. In contrast, greater odds of suicidal ideation in men who ate alone when living in the city and belonging to high-income groups. On the other hand, Women in every region had greater odds of being depressed if they ate alone. And greater odds of suicidal ideation in women who ate alone when living in the city and belonging to medium-high income groups. Conclusions Our analysis confirmed that Korean adults with lower chance of commensality had greater risk of developing depression and suicidal ideation. And it could be affected by individuals’ various backgrounds including socioeconomic status. As a result, to help people with depression and prevent a suicidal attempt, this study will be baseline research for social workers, educators and also policy developers to be aware of the importance of eating together.

scholarly journals Living standards shape individual attitudes on genetically modified food around the world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Levi
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Genetically Modified Food

Agricultural biotechnology can help to sustainably intensify food production, but negative public opinion hinders the deployment of genetically modified crops and livestock. Previous research shows negative consumer attitudes in the Global North to be primarily driven by limited trust and religiosity, but public opinion in the Global South remains largely unexplored. Here, analyzing individual attitudes across 142 countries with a random forest model, I show that people in low-income countries are significantly more positive towards genetically modified food than those living in high-income countries. Globally, individual attitudes are primarily determined by living standard, agricultural output, and prevalence of undernourishment. Country income levels also moderate how demographic characteristics predict attitudes on bioengineered food. Highly educated urban men are most optimistic about agricultural biotechnology in high-income countries, while women, individuals living in rural areas, and those with little education are the most hopeful demographic in low-income countries. These results indicate that individual views are largely determined by the societal benefits expected from agricultural biotechnology and suggest that the conditions for further deregulation of genetically modified food are most favorable in low-income countries.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONSUMSI BERAS PADATINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Cristovao R ◽  
Slamet Hartono ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rice Consumption

The objectives of the study were (1) to determine thefactors influencing rice consumption in urban and rural areas of Yogyakarta Special Province and (2) to determine the own price, cross price and income elasticity of rice consumption at different income levels in rural and urban areas. National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) data of 2005 Yogyakarta Special Province on rice consumption was used Totalrespondents 1990 households. Regression model used in the analysis was OLS. The result showed that thefactors that influence the consumption of rice are the price of the rice itself, price of the related household goods, income level, education of the mother, number offamily members, and location. Thefactors that individually influence rice consumption vary by kinds of rice, location, and income level. Therefore, the demand of rice in DIY is inelastic, the change of price did not significantly influence rice demand. Generally, rice is normal good at low income household level in the rural and urban areas andfor middle income in the rural, and in middle income and high income in the urban, rice is a inferior good. In other side, rice is Substituted for cassava and sweet potato. Rice is complementary for catfish, fermented soybean cake, cassava, egg, and tofu.Keywords: rice consumption, elasticity, substitution, complementary.

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