scholarly journals The Leiden Convention coronary coding system: translation from the surgical to the universal view

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire J Koppel ◽  
Hubert W Vliegen ◽  
Regina Bökenkamp ◽  
A Derk Jan ten Harkel ◽  
Philippine Kiès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cardiac Imaging Techniques ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ct And Mri

Abstract Aims The Leiden Convention coronary coding system structures the large variety of coronary anatomical patterns; isolated and in congenital heart disease. It is widely used by surgeons but not by cardiologists as the system uses a surgeons’ cranial view. Since thoracic surgeons and cardiologists work closely together, a coronary coding system practical for both disciplines is mandatory. To this purpose, the ‘surgical’ coronary coding system was adapted to an ‘imaging’ system, extending its applicability to different cardiac imaging techniques. Methods and results The physician takes place in the non-facing sinus of the aortic valve, oriented with the back towards the pulmonary valve, looking outward from the sinus. From this position, the right-hand sinus is sinus 1, and the left-hand sinus is sinus 2. Next, a clockwise rotation is adopted starting at sinus 1 and the encountered coronary branches described. Annotation of the normal anatomical pattern is 1R-2LCx, corresponding to the ‘surgical’ coding system. The ‘imaging’ coding system was made applicable for Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), echocardiography, and coronary angiography, thus facilitating interdisciplinary use. To assess applicability in daily clinical practice, images from different imaging modalities were annotated by cardiologists and cardiology residents and results scored. The average score upon evaluation was 87.5%, with the highest scores for CT and MRI images (average 90%). Conclusion The imaging Leiden Convention is a coronary coding system that unifies the annotation of coronary anatomy for thoracic surgeons, cardiologists, and radiologists. Validation of the coding system shows it can be easily and reliably applied in clinical practice.

Structural and functional imaging of large and opaque plant specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (14) ◽  
pp. 3659-3678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnea Hesse ◽  
Katharina Bunk ◽  
Jochen Leupold ◽  
Thomas Speck ◽  
Tom Masselter
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ct And Mri

AbstractThree- and four-dimensional imaging techniques are a prerequisite for spatially resolving the form–structure–function relationships in plants. However, choosing the right imaging method is a difficult and time-consuming process as the imaging principles, advantages and limitations, as well as the appropriate fields of application first need to be compared. The present study aims to provide an overview of three imaging methods that allow for imaging opaque, large and thick (>5 mm, up to several centimeters), hierarchically organized plant samples that can have complex geometries. We compare light microscopy of serial thin sections followed by 3D reconstruction (LMTS3D) as an optical imaging technique, micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) based on ionizing radiation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which uses the natural magnetic properties of a sample for image acquisition. We discuss the most important imaging principles, advantages, and limitations, and suggest fields of application for each imaging technique (LMTS, µ-CT, and MRI) with regard to static (at a given time; 3D) and dynamic (at different time points; quasi 4D) structural and functional plant imaging.

Condromatose sinovial unilateral da articulação temporomandibular após trauma local – relato de caso

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique de Melo Nogueira ◽  
Luciano Henrique Ferreira Lima ◽  
Beneval José dos Santos Junior ◽  
André Vitor Alves Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Synovial Chondromatosis ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Limited Mouth Opening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ct And Mri

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare pathological condition that is characterized by the formation of cartilaginous nodules inside a joint cavity. It mainly affects the knee joints, hip, shoulder, and elbow, so the TMJ is rarely the target of such condition. Its etiology is still unknown and is usually diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), histopathological exams, and, in some cases, arthroscopy, once the clinical inspection normally is not enough to conclude the diagnose. This study reports a case of a 35-year-old man that came to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service complaining about limited mouth opening, occlusal dystopia, and increase of volume on the right pre-auricular region associated to pain. The SC diagnosis was suggested after realizing a CT and MRI. An Al-Kayat approach was performed to fully visualize the TMJ, removal of all the cartilaginous fragments, hemostasis and suture by layers. The diagnosis was confirmed through the histopathological exam. The patient evolved asymptomatic.

Imaging Advances of the Cardiopulmonary System

2011 ◽  
pp. 2183-2190
Author(s):  
Holly Llobet ◽  
Paul Llobet ◽  
Michelle LaBrunda
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ct And Mri

A technological explosion has been revolutionizing imaging technology of the heart and lungs over the last decade. These advances have been transforming the health care industry, both preventative and acute care medicine. Ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are examples of radiological techniques which have allowed for more accurate diagnosis and staging (determination of severity of disease). The most notable advances have occurred in CT and MRI. Most medical subspecialties rely on CT and MRI as the dominant diagnostic tools an exception being cardiology. CT and MRI are able to provide a detailed image of any organ or tissue in the body without the necessity of invasive or painful procedures. Virtually any individual could be tested as long as they are able to remain immobile for the duration of the study. Image generation traditionally has been limited by the perpetual motion of the human body. For example, the human heart is continually contracting and relaxing without a stationary moment during which an image could be obtained. Lung imaging has been more successful than cardiac imaging, but studies were limited to the length of time an ill person is able to hold his or her breath. Historically, imaging technology was limited by inability to take a picture fast enough of a moving object while maintaining a clinically useful level of resolution. Recent technologic innovation, resulting in high speed electrocardiogram- gated CT and MRI imaging, now allows the use of these imaging modalities for evaluation of the heart and lungs. These novel innovations provide clinicians with new tools for diagnosis and treatment of disease, but there are still unresolved issues, most notably radiation exposure. Ultrasound and MRI studies are the safest of the imaging modalities and subjects receive no radiation exposure. Nuclear studies give an approximate radiation dose of 10mSv and as high as 27mSv (Conti, 2005). In CT imaging, radiation dose can vary depending on the organ system being imaged and the type of scanner being used. The average radiation dose for pulmonary studies is 4.2mSv (Conti, 2005). The use of multi-detector CT (MDCT) to evaluate the heart can range from 6.7—13mSv. To put it into perspective, according to the National Institute of Health, an average individual will receive a radiation dose of 360mSv per year from the ambient environment. It is unlikely that the radiation doses received in routine imaging techniques will lead to adverse reactions such as cancer, but patients should be informed of the risks and benefits of each procedure so that they can make informed decisions. It is especially important that patients be informed when radioactive material is to be injected into their bodies. The reasons for this will be discussed later on in the chapter.

Functional imaging of human motor cortex at high magnetic field

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Kim ◽  
J. Ashe ◽  
A. P. Georgopoulos ◽  
H. Merkle ◽  
J. M. Ellermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Field Strength ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

1. We used conventional gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at high field strength (4 Tesla) to functionally image the right motor cortex in six normal human subjects during the performance of a sequence of self-paced thumb to digit oppositions with the left hand (contralateral task), the right hand (ipsilateral task), and both hands (bilateral task). 2. A localized increase in activity in the lateral motor cortex was observed in all subjects during the task. The area of activation was similar in the contralateral and bilateral tasks but 20 times smaller in the ipsilateral task. The intensity of activation was 2.3 times greater in the contralateral than the ipsilateral task.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Convexity Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Caused by Internal Carotid Occlusion: Radiological Features

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 016-017
Author(s):  
Benedito Jamilson Araújo Pereira ◽  
Radmila Agra Cariry Targino de Holanda ◽  
José Targino Neto ◽  
Luciano Ferreira de Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Internal Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Similar Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

AbstractA 79-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency room with transitory monoparesis in the left hand and dysphasia. The brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a spontaneous right convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed an asymptomatic occlusion of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) . Cases related to stenosis have already been described, but there is no similar report of a case related to occlusion, even though the pathophysiology of both entities is similar. Atraumatic SAH has been associated with intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis.

scholarly journals Radiological Imaging Findings of a Case with Vertebral Osteoid Osteoma Leading to Brachial Neuralgia

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Gokce ◽  
Erdoğan Ayan ◽  
Fatih Çelikyay ◽  
Berat Acu
Keyword(s):  
Osteoid Osteoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brachial Neuralgia ◽  
Ct And Mri

Osteoid osteoma is a small, benign osteoblastic tumor consisting of a highly vascularized nidus of connective tissue surrounded by sclerotic bone. Three-quarters of osteoid osteomas are located in the long bones, and only 7-12% in the vertebral column. The classical clinical presentation of spinal osteoid osteoma is that of painful scoliosis. Other clinical features include nerve root irritation and night pain. Osteoid osteoma has characteristic computed tomography (CT) findings. Because magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the osteoid osteomas causing intense perinidal edema can be confusing, these patients should be evaluated with clinical findings and other imaging techniques. In this study, we present X-ray, CT, and MRI findings of a case with osteoid osteoma located in thoracic 1 vertebra left lamina and transverse process junction leading to brachial neuralgia symptoms.

scholarly journals CT and MRI in Urinary Tract Infections: A Spectrum of Different Imaging Findings

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abou El-Ghar ◽  
Hashim Farg ◽  
Doaa Elsayed Sharaf ◽  
Tarek El-Diasty
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Ct And Mri

There are many acute and chronic infections affecting the urinary tract including bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can present in many different patterns with variable degrees of severity varying from asymptomatic and uncomplicated forms to life threatening complicated infections. Cross-sectional imaging techniques—including both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—have become very important tools not only for evaluation of UTIs, but also for detection of associated complications. Selection of either CT or MRI in the UTI evaluation depends on several factors such as the presence of contraindication, experience, cost and availability. CT and MRI help in early detection and management of UTIs that reduce the prevalence and severity of complications. In this article we will present the radiologic findings at CT and MRI in different types of upper and lower UTIs including acute pyelonephritis, intrarenal and perinephric abscesses, pyonephrosis, chronic pyelonephritis, emphysematous UTIs, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, tuberculosis (TB), bilharziasis, fungal infection, corynebacterium infection, ureteritis, cystitis, prostatitis, prostatic abscess and urethritis.

Imaging Advances of the Cardiopulmonary System

2011 ◽  
pp. 1824-1829
Author(s):  
Holly Llobet ◽  
Paul Llobet ◽  
Michelle LaBrunda
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ct And Mri

A technological explosion has been revolutionizing imaging technology of the heart and lungs over the last decade. These advances have been transforming the health care industry, both preventative and acute care medicine. Ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are examples of radiological techniques which have allowed for more accurate diagnosis and staging (determination of severity of disease). The most notable advances have occurred in CT and MRI. Most medical subspecialties rely on CT and MRI as the dominant diagnostic tools an exception being cardiology. CT and MRI are able to provide a detailed image of any organ or tissue in the body without the necessity of invasive or painful procedures. Virtually any individual could be tested as long as they are able to remain immobile for the duration of the study. Image generation traditionally has been limited by the perpetual motion of the human body. For example, the human heart is continually contracting and relaxing without a stationary moment during which an image could be obtained. Lung imaging has been more successful than cardiac imaging, but studies were limited to the length of time an ill person is able to hold his or her breath. Historically, imaging technology was limited by inability to take a picture fast enough of a moving object while maintaining a clinically useful level of resolution. Recent technologic innovation, resulting in high speed electrocardiogram- gated CT and MRI imaging, now allows the use of these imaging modalities for evaluation of the heart and lungs. These novel innovations provide clinicians with new tools for diagnosis and treatment of disease, but there are still unresolved issues, most notably radiation exposure. Ultrasound and MRI studies are the safest of the imaging modalities and subjects receive no radiation exposure. Nuclear studies give an approximate radiation dose of 10mSv and as high as 27mSv (Conti, 2005). In CT imaging, radiation dose can vary depending on the organ system being imaged and the type of scanner being used. The average radiation dose for pulmonary studies is 4.2mSv (Conti, 2005). The use of multi-detector CT (MDCT) to evaluate the heart can range from 6.7—13mSv. To put it into perspective, according to the National Institute of Health, an average individual will receive a radiation dose of 360mSv per year from the ambient environment. It is unlikely that the radiation doses received in routine imaging techniques will lead to adverse reactions such as cancer, but patients should be informed of the risks and benefits of each procedure so that they can make informed decisions. It is especially important that patients be informed when radioactive material is to be injected into their bodies. The reasons for this will be discussed later on in the chapter.

Ruptured aneurysm of noncoronary sinus of valsalva: demonstration with magnetic resonance imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Dincer ◽  
I. Basarici ◽  
C. Calisir ◽  
A. Mete ◽  
C. Ermis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Sinus Of Valsalva ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Conventional Angiography ◽  
Rare Lesion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Diagnostic Importance

There are few published reports regarding imaging findings of sinus of Valsalva aneurysms (SVA) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We present an unusual form of ruptured SVA, emphasizing the diagnostic importance of MRI among a range of imaging techniques. This case report describes a case of idiopathic (thought to be congenital in origin), acutely symptomatic ruptured noncoronary SVA diagnosed by MRI and confirmed with conventional angiography and surgery. MRI accurately showed aneurysm size, location, and rupture into the right atrium and provided valuable information about this rare lesion.

Cardiology

2018 ◽  
pp. 435-496
Author(s):  
Drew Provan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radionuclide Ventriculography ◽  
Cardiac Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tilt Table Testing ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

This chapter describes and discusses commonly used investigations in the assessment of patients with cardiovascular disease. It reviews electrocardiography (ECG), including ECG monitoring, and exercise testing. It describes cardiac imaging techniques, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear cardiology (myocardial perfusion imaging and radionuclide ventriculography). It also includes information on cardiac catheterization (including pulmonary artery catheterization) and a section on tilt table testing.

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