Should a Poverty-Averse Donor Always Reward Better Governance?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Bourguignon ◽  
Jean-Philippe Platteau
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Aid Allocation ◽  
Allocation Rules ◽  
Dynamic Specification ◽  
The Poor ◽  
General Dynamic

Abstract This paper revisits the inter-country aid allocation by a donor who must distribute a given aid amount and is sensitive to needs and governance considerations. Against conventional wisdom, if the donor has strong enough aversion to poverty, the share of a country whose governance has improved is reduced. Yet, the poor will still be better off. These results continue to hold when aid effectiveness depends on intrinsic governance and the volume of aid received, and when a more general dynamic specification is considered. Finally, using our approach, the allocation rules in international organizations appear as clearly privileging governance over needs.

The Global Rise of Social Cash Transfers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Leisering
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Security ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Social Cash Transfers ◽  
The Right

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) proclaimed the equality of all human beings in dignity and rights. The right to social security, however, has been taken more seriously only since the 2000s, through calls for ‘Social security for all’ and ‘Leaving no one behind’. The book investigates a major response, social cash transfers to the poor. The idea of simply giving money to the poor had been rejected by all major development organizations until the 1990s, but since the early 2000s, social cash transfers have mushroomed in the global South and on agendas of international organizations. How come? What programmes have emerged in which countries? How inclusive are the programmes? What models have international organizations devised? Based on unique quantitative and qualitative data, the book takes stock of all identifiable cash transfers in all Southern countries and of the views of all major international organizations. The author argues that cash transfers reflect broader changes: new understandings of development, of human rights, of global risks, of the social responsibility of governments, and of universalism. Social cash transfers have turned the poor from objects of charity into rights-holders and agents of their own lives and of development. A repertoire of cash transfers has evolved that has enhanced social citizenship, but is limited by weak political commitments. The book also contributes to a general theory of social policy in development contexts, through a constructivist sociological approach that complements the dominant approaches from welfare economics and political economy and includes a theory of social assistance.

Motivations for Bilateral Aid Allocation in Korea: Humanitarian, Commercial, or Diplomatic?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-197
Author(s):  
Bokyeong Park ◽  
Hongshik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Aid Allocation ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Overseas Investment ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Resource Security

This study investigates Korea's motivations for foreign aid allocation, analyzing panel data from over 180 countries for the last 20 years. The results show that Korea's aid allocation reflects both recipient needs and Korea's own national interests but does not consistently consider aid effectiveness. Korean aid is also characterized by its use as an instrument of both summit diplomacy and resource security. In addition, its commercial motivations appear to have shifted over time, from export promotion to overseas investment support. Despite internal and external pressures, there is no obvious evidence that Korea's allocation rule converges with international guidelines that recommend greater consideration of recipient needs and aid effectiveness and less consideration of donor interests.

The Politics of Private Foreign Aid: Humanitarian Principles, Economic Development Objectives, and Organizational Interests in NGO Private Aid Allocation

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Büthe ◽  
Solomon Major ◽  
André de Mello e Souza
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aid Allocation ◽  
Development Ngos

AbstractA large and increasing share of international humanitarian and development aid is raised from nongovernmental sources, allocated by transnational NGOs. We know little about this private foreign aid, not even how it is distributed across recipient countries, much less what explains the allocation. This article presents an original data set, based on detailed financial records from most of the major U.S.-based humanitarian and development NGOs, which allows us for the first time to map and analyze the allocation of U.S. private aid. We find no support for the common claim that aid NGOs systematically prioritize their organizational self-interest when they allocate private aid, and we find only limited support for the hypothesis that expected aid effectiveness drives aid allocation. By contrast, we find strong support for the argument that the deeply rooted humanitarian discourse within and among aid NGOs drives their aid allocation, consistent with a view of aid NGOs as principled actors and constructivist theories of international relations. Recipients' humanitarian need is substantively and statistically the most significant determinant of U.S. private aid allocation (beyond a regional effect in favor of Latin American countries). Materialist concerns do not crowd out ethical norms among these NGOs.

scholarly journals ELEMENTOS PREDICTORES DEL RENDIMIENTO MATEMÁTICO EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA OBLIGATORIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Miguel Muñoz Cantero ◽  
María Alicia Arias ◽  
María Dorinda Mato Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Teacher Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
The Poor

Resumen:El estudio de las actitudes hacia las matemáticas ha propiciado la realización de numerosas investigaciones orientadas a identificar dichas actitudes y a desarrollar instrumentos para su medida. Por otro lado, los resultados de las evaluaciones de organismos internacionales ponen de manifiesto el bajo rendimiento de los estudiantes en las matemáticas. A partir de una muestra de 2549 alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, siguiendo los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, se ha propuesto un modelo basado en dos escalas: “Actitud del profesor percibida por el alumno” (APPA) y “Agrado y utilidad de las matemáticas” (AUM) de Mato y Muñoz (2008), y se ha analizado mediante análisis de regresión múltiple (paso a paso) su relación con el rendimiento académico medido a través de la calificación del curso pasado. Los resultados muestran una relación directa de las dos escalas entre sí, confirmándose la importancia de éstas como variables predictoras sobre el rendimiento. Por lo tanto, la “Percepción que tienen los estudiantes del profesor de matemáticas” y el “Agrado y utilidad de las matemáticas” pueden influir de manera determinante en el proceso de enseñanza y de aprendizaje, así como en los resultados académicos adquiridos. Abstract:The study of attitudes towards mathematics has led to the realization of numerous investigations aimed at identifying these attitudes and developing instruments for its measurement. On the other hand, the results of evaluations of international organizations highlight the poor performance of students in Mathematics. From a sample of 2549 students of Secondary Education, following structural equation models, we have proposed a model based on two scales: teacher attitude as perceived by the student (APPA) and utility and value of mathematics in the future (AUM) by Mato y Muñoz (2008), and analyzed by multiple regression analysis (stepwise) its relationship to academic performance. The results show a direct relationship between the two scales, confirming their importance as predictor variables on performance. Therefore, “The perception that students have of Mathematics teacher” and the “Utility and value of Mathematics” can have a decisive influence on the process of teaching and learning, as well as in the acquired academic results.

Changing Global Discourses

2018 ◽  
pp. 253-276
Author(s):  
Lutz Leisering
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Social Cash Transfers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Discourse Coalitions

All major international organizations had rejected the idea of social cash transfers to the poor until the late 1990s. Why did they adopt the idea by the mid-2000s? It is argued that the 1990s witnessed new discourses among international organizations—on poverty, development, risk, human rights, and universalism—that created an ideational window of opportunity for cash transfers to emerge as a global idea. The new discourses provided new reasons for social security, by raising new global social questions and invoking new social responsibilities of international organizations and states. In particular, the right to social security, laid down in 1948 by the UN, was re-interpreted during the 1990s to require individualized welfare benefits for the poor. Powerful discourse coalitions and discursive practices propelled the new discourses. However, the move towards extending social security was checked by the enduring developmental thinking geared to achieving welfare in the long run by market means and macroeconomic policies.

Patterns of Market Polarization and Market Matching in the Korean Film Industry

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyoub Park ◽  
Eui Hang Shin
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Motion Picture Industry ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Korean Film ◽  
Over Time

Despite its embedded ambiguity, conventional wisdom tends to prevail over time. This may be because old adages recurrently embrace some ingredients of truth. As James A. Mathisen highlights, conventional wisdom plays a significant role in constituting knowledge as a starting point. For many people, numerous adages (the rich get richer while the poor get poorer; birds of a feather flock together) are most commonly perceived as true. More interestingly, the accuracy of the two folk wisdoms appears to be more salient in culture-producing industries, including the motion picture industry. Concomitantly, the two adages have long been connected to diverse societal phenomena and sociological knowledge.

An Inquiry into the Life and Death of Indicators

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-145
Author(s):  
Marie Guimezanes
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Error Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This article identifies the actors and dynamics involved in the process of ‘indicatorization’ in the aid effectiveness regime, from the initial decision to use indicators to the impact the indicators’ monitoring produces. It contributes to the existing and growing literature on indicators, and gives a specific example of the use of indicators in global governance. Because of its iterative perspective, the aid effectiveness regime enables an analysis of the trial and error process in the making of indicators and of the interplay of different actors, mainly States and international organizations, over time. This case study shows how actors can ‘play’ with indicators that are supposed to define their actions, and ultimately the tension that might exist between the indicator’s logic (the uniformity of the numerical measurement) and the regime principles, based on the ownership paradigm.

Constructing new global models of social security: How international organizations defined the field of social cash transfers in the 2000s

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORITZ VON GLISZCZYNSKI ◽  
LUTZ LEISERING
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Ideational Change ◽  
Social Cash Transfers

AbstractSocial cash transfers to the poor have mushroomed in countries of the global South and on global agendas since the 2000s. Around 2000, there was no clear picture if social cash transfers would make it to global agendas. By the end of the 2000s, a repertoire of four models of social cash transfers had been codified by international organizations. Based on an in-depth analysis of all major documents by international organizations and applying a model of ideational change in global arenas, we trace the trajectories of the four models: who developed the models during the 2000s, how were they constructed, and what forces propelled the process? We find that the process was driven by an extension of the domains of international organizations (‘socialization of global politics’) and by an opening of global discourses and development policies to ‘social’ concerns. But organizational domains and global discourses, especially on development, also constrained the concept of social cash transfers, reducing it to four models that reflect a fragmented and incomplete universalism. We conclude that global social policy, conceived as ‘socialization of global politics’, is not a simple ‘uploading’ of ‘social’ ideas from European traditions, but an active process of social construction in global arenas.

scholarly journals Modernisasi dan Penguatan Perekonomian ‘Aisyiyah Pada Masa Kepemimpinan Siti Baroroh Baried 1965-1985 M

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Halimah Nur Febriyani
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Leadership Coaching ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Poor ◽  
And Training ◽  
Women’S Organizations

This study discusses the organization of 'Aisyiyah during the leadership of Siti Baroroh Bared, in which in her leadership she succeeded in making 'Aisyiyah known and collaborating with international organizations. This article will reveal the condition of 'Aisyiyah before the leadership of Siti Baroroh Bared and how the development of 'Aisyiyah during her leadership. The method used in this research is the historical method. Siti Baroroh Bared has a high intellect so that she can create superior and new programs in an 'Aisyiyah organization including the development of the Bustanul Athfal Kindergarten, establishing a school for midwives and nurses, conducting recitations by traveling outside the Kauman village, the existence of an Economic Business Entity program The 'Aisyiyah family (BUEKA), conducts regeneration and leadership coaching and training programs, organizes compensation programs for orphans and the poor, in addition to cooperating with various parties or organizations and establishing several federations of women's organizations

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document