Efficacy of vitamin D alone or in combination with weight-reduction programs in weight loss among adults with above-normal BMI: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction The impact of Vitamin D supplementation on weight loss has been demonstrated in several randomized controlled trials (RCT), but there is still lack of consensus regarding its efficacy. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of Vitamin D in weight reduction in terms of changes in weight loss, BMI, neck circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, waist circumference, waist-thigh ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and percent body fat, as well as reported adverse effects. Methodology MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, WHO database, Herdin, Cochrane Database and EMBASE were searched for literature published from 2005–2020. A systematic search was conducted for RCTs on the efficacy of Vitamin D (alone or in combination with Calcium, or with a weight-loss program, or with both) in weight loss among participants 18–75 years old with above-normal BMI, and with a study duration of 4–12 weeks. Sixteen RCTs were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Screening and selection were based on the eligibility criteria, while appraisal included checking for the risk of bias, assessing the validity of the results of the study, and its methodological quality. Outcomes of eligible studies were obtained directly from the studies, if available, or summarized and calculated from the available data. For continuous data, mean differences were compared. Results When compared with placebo, Vitamin D supplementation showed a significant reduction in weight loss (mean difference [MD] = −0.92; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −1.52 to −0.31; P=0.003), BMI (MD = −0.52; 95% CI: −0.73 to −0.31; P=0.02), waist circumference (MD = −1.35; 95% CI: −2.21 to −0.33 P=0.0006) and percent body fat (MD = −0.82; 95% CI; −1.40 to −0.25; P=0.005) but no significant effect on reduction of waist-to-hip ratio (MD = −0.01, 95% CI; −0.01 to 0.00; P=0.17). None of the studies reported outcomes for neck circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist-thigh ratio. Heterogeneity was addressed using random effects model in analysis. Out of the 16 studies included, only two reported adverse events, which include constipation after intake of Vitamin D and calcium supplements and other multiple non-serious adverse events. Conclusion and recommendations Vitamin D as an adjunct showed a significant effect on weight loss, BMI reduction, decrease in waist circumference and percent body fat among adults after a short-term intake of oral Vitamin D, thus Vitamin D supplementation may be recommended as an adjunct treatment for weight loss among adults, but the study results should be used with caution as significant heterogeneity was observed. Further conduction of local RCTs and meta-analysis is recommended for further elucidation of data in order to determine its efficacy among Filipinos. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Effect of Vit D on waist circumference

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Is Vitamin D Supplementation Useful for Weight Loss Programs? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55070368 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 368 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Perna

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Weight Loss Programs ◽

The Impact

Background and Objectives: The controversy about the impact of vitamin D supplementation on weight loss treatment was observed in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis investigates the effects of vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol) on weight loss through holistic measurements of Body Mass Index (BMI), weight and waist circumference. Materials and Methods: Google Scholar, WOS, PubMed and Scopus were explored to collect relevant studies. The selected articles focused on vitamin D supplementation in overweight and obese individuals with different conditions. Eleven RCTs were included into this meta-analysis with a total of 947 subjects, with a mean of the follow-up from 1 to 12 months and different vitamin D interventions (from 25,000 to 600,000 IU/monthly of cholecalciferol). Results: The meta-analyzed mean differences for random effects showed that cholecalciferol supplementation deceases the BMI by –0.32 kg/m2 (CI95% –0.52, –0.12 kg/m2, p = 0.002) and the waist circumference by –1.42 cm (CI95% –2.41, –0.42 cm, p = 0.005), but does not statistically affect weight loss –0.43 kg (CI95% –1.05, +0.19 kg, p = 0.17). Conclusions: This meta-analysis lays the foundation for defining the potential clinical efficacy of vitamin D supplementation as a potential therapeutic option for weight loss programs, but further studies are needed to confirm the validity of these findings and delineate potential underlying mechanisms.

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Effects of Vitamin D Status and Supplements on Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in a Clinical Setting: A Retrospective Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11123032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3032 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Myriam Abboud ◽

Xiaoying Liu ◽

Flavia Fayet-Moore ◽

Kaye E. Brock ◽

Dimitrios Papandreou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Clinical Records

Context: Obesity and low vitamin D status are linked. It is not clear that weight loss through lifestyle intervention is influenced by vitamin D status. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of baseline vitamin D status and vitamin D supplementation on weight loss and associated parameters for participants on a weight loss program in a primary care setting. Design: A retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients who underwent an individually tailored weight loss program at a single dietetic clinic in Sydney, Australia. Setting: Primary care centers. Patients: 205 overweight and obese men and women aged from 18 to 50 years. Interventions: Patients were referred to a dietetic clinic for a weight loss program. Patients with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at baseline were advised to increase sun exposure and take multivitamins supplemented with 2000 IU or 4000 IU per day of vitamin D3, according to the preference of their primary care physician. Main outcome measures: Clinical parameters of weight, height, waist circumference, and serum 25(OH)D, as well as blood pressure and fasting lipid profile were collected from both baseline and three-month follow-up consultations. Results: Subjects with sufficient baseline 25(OH)D levels (≥50 nmol/L) experienced significantly greater weight loss (−7.7 ± 5.9 kg vs. −4.2 ± 3.3 kg) and reductions in BMI (−2.6 ± 1.8 kg/m2 vs. −1.5 ± 1.1 kg/m2) and waist circumference (−5.2 ± 3.5 cm vs. −3.1 ± 3.1 cm) as compared with those who were vitamin D insufficient at baseline (p < 0.001 for all). Vitamin D insufficient patients who were supplemented with daily 2000 IU or 4000 IU vitamin D experienced significantly greater decreases in weight (−5.3 ± 3.6 kg vs. −2.3 ± 1.6 kg), BMI (−1.9 ± 1.2 kg/m2 vs. −0.8 ± 0.6 kg/m2) and waist circumference (−4.2 ± 3.4 cm vs. −1.2 ± 1.3 cm) as compared with those not supplemented (p < 0.001 for all). We also observed a greater decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (−0.4 ± 0.5 mmol/L vs. −0.2 ± 0.5 mmol/L) in subjects insufficient at baseline and supplemented as compared with those insufficient at baseline and not supplemented (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In a weight loss setting in a dietetic clinic, adequate vitamin D status at baseline, or achieved at three months through supplementation, was associated with significantly greater improvement of anthropometric measures. The study has implications for the management of vitamin D status in obese or overweight patients undergoing weight loss programs.

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Vitamin D supplementation and body fat mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-018-0132-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (10) ◽

pp. 1345-1357 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Mahdieh Golzarand ◽

Bruce W. Hollis ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

Carol L. Wagner ◽

Sakineh Shab-Bidar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Body Fat Mass

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The effectiveness of technology-based distance weight loss interventions on body composition in health care: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25906 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Heli Lahtio

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Weight Loss Interventions

BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are major problems worldwide and they lead to an increased risk for several diseases. The use of technology in the treatment of obesity is promising, but there is considerable uncertainty regarding its efficacy in the current literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to study the effectiveness of technology-based distance weight loss interventions in health care on body composition in comparison to control groups that do not use technology. The aim of the meta-regression was to evaluate the factors associated with the changes in body composition outcomes in a comprehensive PICOS -framework. METHODS Studies were searched from eight databases. The inclusion criteria were developed based on the PICOS-framework (population: 18-65 years; intervention: technology-based distance weight loss interventions; comparison: control groups without technology; outcome: BMI, waist circumference or body fat percentage; study design: randomized controlled trial). Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 30 studies. The quality of the studies was moderate (7/13). A statistically significant difference was observed in BMI (MD 0.83; 95% CI 0.51 to 1.15; P < .0001), waist circumference (MD 2.45; 95% CI 1.83 to 3.07; P < .0001), and body fat percentage (MD 1.07; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.41; P < .0001) in favor of the weight loss groups using technology. According to the findings of the meta-regression, interventions with personal feedback and higher quality of the studies may have been associated with a reduction in waist circumference and lower body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS Technology-based distance weight loss interventions significantly reduced BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Future studies should focus on the comparability of the intervention content but also on the relations between the type of technology, behavioral change models, and biopsychosocial factors. CLINICALTRIAL This systematic review is registered in Prospero (CRD42016035831).

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Can dietary viscous fiber affect body weight independently of an energy-restrictive diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqz292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 471-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Elena Jovanovski ◽

Nourah Mazhar ◽

Allison Komishon ◽

Rana Khayyat ◽

Dandan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT Background The role of dietary fiber in obesity management remains debatable. Evidence suggests that intake of viscous fiber may have the potential to facilitate weight loss. Objective We aimed to summarize and quantify the effects of viscous fiber on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat, independent of calorie restriction, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods Trials ≥4 wk in duration that assessed the effect of viscous fiber supplemented to an ad libitum diet along with comparator diets were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched through 24 July, 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and random-effects models and expressed as mean differences with 95% CIs. Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). The overall certainty of evidence was explored using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results Findings from 62 trials (n = 3877) showed that viscous fiber reduced mean body weight (−0.33 kg; 95% CI: −0.51, −0.14 kg; P = 0.004), BMI (in kg/m2) (−0.28; 95% CI: −0.42, −0.14; P = 0.0001), and waist circumference (−0.63 cm; 95% CI: −1.11, −0.16 cm; P = 0.008), with no change in body fat (−0.78%; 95% CI: −1.56%, 0.00%; P = 0.05) when consumed with an ad libitum diet. Greater reductions in body weight were observed in overweight individuals and those with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The certainty of evidence was graded moderate for body weight, high for waist circumference and body fat, and low for BMI. Conclusions Dietary viscous fiber modestly yet significantly improved body weight and other parameters of adiposity independently of calorie restriction. Future trials are warranted to address the inconsistency and imprecision identified through GRADE and to determine long-term weight-loss sustainability. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03257449.

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Effects of physical activity and dietary supplement on fat free mass and bone mass density during weight loss – a systematic review and meta-analysis.

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.75539.1 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Anja Roth ◽

Martin Sattelmayer ◽

Chloé Schorderet ◽

Simone Gafner ◽

Lara Allet

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Effect Size ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

High Protein ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Bone Mass Density

Background: After a diet- or surgery induced weight loss almost 1/3 of lost weight consists of fat free mass (FFM) if carried out without additional therapy. Exercise training and a sufficient supply of protein, calcium and vitamin D is recommended to reduce the loss of FFM. Objective: To investigate the effect of exercise training, protein, calcium, and vitamin D supplementation on the preservation of FFM during non-surgical and surgical weight loss and of the combination of all interventions together in adults with obesity. Methods: A systematic review was performed with a pairwise meta-analysis and an exploratory network meta-analysis according to the PRISMA statement. Results: Thirty studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The pairwise meta-analysis showed for Exercise Training + High Protein vs. High Protein a moderate and statistically significant effect size (SMD 0.45; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.86), for Exercise Training + High Protein vs. Exercise Training a high but statistically not significant effect size (SMD 0.91; 95% CI -0.59 to 2.41) and for Exercise Training alone vs. Control a moderate but statistically not significant effect size (SMD 0.67; 95% CI -0.25 to 1.60). In the exploratory network meta-analysis three interventions showed statistically significant effect sizes compared to Control and all of them included the treatment Exercise Training. Conclusions: Results underline the importance of exercise training and a sufficient protein intake to preserve FFM during weight loss in adults with obesity. The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation remains controversial and further research are needed.

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Abstract P246: Lean Body Mass, Percent Body Fat, and HbA1c in the U.S. Population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2006)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p246 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Julie K Bower ◽

Rachel Brackett ◽

Meredith C Foster ◽

Randi E Foraker

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Diabetes Prevention ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Diagnosed Diabetes

Introduction: Weight loss is an important component of diabetes prevention and management because of the known effect of adiposity on insulin resistance. While both muscle (lean mass) and fat mass are known to serve important metabolic functions, most studies of obesity and diabetes use proxy measures for overall or abdominal obesity without accounting for the composition of that mass. The aim of this study was to examine the association of total and trunk lean body mass and fat mass with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) - an indicator of glucose control in persons with diabetes and a risk marker in non-diabetic populations - in the general U.S. population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the NHANES collected in 1999-2006 in participants aged 18-69 years. Lean body mass and percent body fat were determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); analyses were weighted and multiple imputation was applied to account for missing DXA data. Associations of body composition with HbA1C were evaluated using multiple linear regression. Results: The study sample included 1,085 participants with diagnosed diabetes (mean age 56 years, 50% male, mean HbA1c=7.6%) and 15,597 participants without diabetes (mean age 40 years, 51% women, mean HbA1c=5.3%). Trunk lean mass and total lean mass were significantly associated with lower HbA1c in adults without diabetes, independent of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and waist circumference, each 10 kg increase in trunk lean mass was associated with 0.07-% points lower HbA1c (95% CI: -0.09, -0.03). After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI, each 10kg increase in total lean mass was associated with 0.03-% points lower HbA1c (95% CI: -0.05, -0.0). Each 5% increase in trunk fat was associated with 0.5-% point higher HbA1c (95% CI: 0.45, 0.55) and each 5% increase in total fat was associated with 0.05-% point higher HbA1c (95% CI: 0.05, 0.06). Lean mass and percent body fat were not associated with HbA1c in participants with diagnosed diabetes (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Lean mass is independently associated with HbA1c in adults without diabetes. Interventions that target both weight loss where warranted and increasing lean mass via resistance training may have the most beneficial impact for diabetes prevention.

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