scholarly journals Associations of mental illness with smoking and vaping in university students in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Wamamili ◽  
M Wallace-Bell ◽  
A Richardson ◽  
R C Grace ◽  
P Coope
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
University Students ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
New Information

Abstract Background People with mental illness have higher smoking prevalence, and vaping is generally higher among smokers than non-smokers. However, data on associations of mental illness with smoking and vaping in New Zealand (NZ) is lacking. This study examines associations of history of mental illness (HMI) with smoking and vaping in NZ university students. Methods Data came from a March 2018 national cross-sectional study. χ2 tests compared patterns of smoking and vaping in students with and without HMI. An HMI was defined as a diagnosis, or treatment for depression, anxiety or nervous disorder, or other mental health condition in the previous 12 months. Logistic regression model assessed the association of an HMI with smoking and vaping. Results 1622 students were included: 82.7% aged <25 years, 17.3% ≥25 years; 38.6% male, 61.4% female; 7.8% Māori, 92.2% non-Māori; 18.1% reported an HMI. Of respondents, 50.5% (95% CI 48.0-53.0) reported ever, 10.0% (8.6-11.6) current and 5.0% (4.0-6.2) daily smoking. Students with HMI were significantly more likely to report ever (p<.001), current (p=.008) and daily smoking (p=.014) than those without HMI. 36.7% (34.3-39.1) of students reported ever, 6.7% (5.5-8.0) current and 2.5% (1.8-3.4) daily vaping. Students with HMI were significantly more likely to report ever (p<.001), current (p=.002) and daily vaping (p=.022) than those without HMI. The full model containing all predictors was statistically significant, χ2 (5, N = 1621) = 34.843, p < .001. Female gender: OR 0.55 (0.41-0.73); current smoking: OR 1.76 (1.19-2.60), and current vaping: OR 2.07 (1.32-3.25) were significantly associated with an HMI. Conclusions There were strong associations between an HMI and smoking and vaping (controlling for age, gender, ethnicity). These findings extend earlier work on the relationship between smoking and mental illness by demonstrating similar associations in university students, and generate new information on HMI and vaping. Key messages Significant numbers of students may have an HMI. Students with an HMI have higher prevalence of smoking and vaping than students without an HMI.

scholarly journals Exposure to COVID-19 during the First and the Second Wave of the Pandemic and Coronavirus-Related PTSD Risk among University Students from Six Countries—A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5564
Author(s):  
Dominika Ochnik ◽  
Aleksandra M. Rogowska ◽  
Cezary Kuśnierz ◽  
Monika Jakubiak ◽  
Magdalena Wierzbik-Strońska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study aimed to reveal differences in exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the first (W1) and the second (W2) waves of the pandemic in six countries among university students and to show the prevalence and associations between exposure to COVID-19 and coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) risk during W2. The repeated cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from Germany, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine (W1: n = 1684; W2: n = 1741). Eight items measured exposure to COVID-19 (regarding COVID-19 symptoms, testing, hospitalizing quarantine, infected relatives, death of relatives, job loss, and worsening economic status due to the COVID-19 pandemic). Coronavirus-related PTSD risk was evaluated by PCL-S. The exposure to COVID-19 symptoms was higher during W2 than W1 among students from all countries, except Germany, where, in contrast, the increase in testing was the strongest. Students from Poland, Turkey, and the total sample were more frequently hospitalized for COVID-19 in W2. In these countries, and Ukraine, students were more often in quarantine. In all countries, participants were more exposed to infected friends/relatives and the loss of a family member due to COVID-19 in W2 than W1. The increase in job loss due to COVID-19 was only noted in Ukraine. Economic status during W2 only worsened in Poland and improved in Russia. This was due to the significant wave of restrictions in Russia and more stringent restrictions in Poland. The prevalence of coronavirus-related PTSD risk at three cutoff scores (25, 44, and 50) was 78.20%, 32.70%, and 23.10%, respectively. The prediction models for different severity of PTSD risk differed. Female gender, a prior diagnosis of depression, a loss of friends/relatives, job loss, and worsening economic status due to the COVID-19 were positively associated with high and very high coronavirus-related PTSD risk, while female gender, a prior PTSD diagnosis, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, testing for COVID-19, having infected friends/relatives and worsening economic status were associated with moderate risk.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarette use among university students aged 18–24 years in New Zealand: results of a 2018 national cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e035093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Wamamili ◽  
Mark Wallace-Bell ◽  
Ann Richardson ◽  
Randolph C Grace ◽  
Pat Coope
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Free Spaces ◽  
Reasons For Use

ObjectivesTo examine electronic cigarette use, reasons for use and perceptions of harm among university students.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingUniversity students across New Zealand.MethodsWe analysed data from a 2018 cross-sectional survey of university students, weighted to account for undersampling and oversampling by gender and university size. χ2 tests were used to compare e-cigarette use, reasons for use and perceptions of harm by age, gender, ethnicity and cigarette smoking.ParticipantsThe sample comprised 1476 students: 62.3% aged 18–20 years, 37.7% aged 21–24 years; 38.6% male, 61.4% female; 7.9% Māori and 92.1% non-Māori.Results40.5% of respondents (95% CI 37.9 to 43.1) reported ever, 6.1% (4.9–7.4) current and 1.7% (1.1–2.5) daily use. Regardless of frequency, 11.5% of vapers had vaped daily for ≥1 month, 70.2% of whom used nicotine-containing devices; 80.8% reported not vaping in indoor and 73.8% in outdoor smoke-free spaces. Among ever vapers, curiosity (67.4%), enjoyment (14.4%) and quitting (2.4%) were common reasons for vaping. 76.1% (73.4–78.7) of respondents believed e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes.More males than females reported vaping (ever, current, daily and daily for ≥1 month), nicotine use and belief that e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes. More participants aged 18–20 years reported not vaping in outdoor smoke-free spaces, vaping out of curiosity and belief that e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes, while more participants aged 21–24 years vaped daily for ≥1 month and for enjoyment. More Māori than non-Māori ever vaped. More cigarette smokers than non-smokers vaped (ever, current, daily and daily for ≥1 month), used nicotine and vaped to quit, while more non-smokers did not vape in smoke-free spaces and vaped out of curiosity.ConclusionsOur results suggest high prevalence of e-cigarette ever and current use, particularly among males and smokers. Many vaped out of curiosity and perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes.

scholarly journals Student paramedic stigma towards people with mental illness: an international study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M Simpson ◽  
Kingsley Agho ◽  
Benjamin Van Nugteren ◽  
Tuija Rasku ◽  
Sean Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Instrument Measuring

Objective Stigma towards mental illness has been described in many health professions at the undergraduate level, but not in the discipline of paramedicine. The objective of this research was to describe levels of stigma towards people with mental illness as self-reported by undergraduate paramedicine students in Australia, Finland, New Zealand and South Africa. Design Using a cross-sectional design, an online survey was administered consisting of a validated instrument measuring self-reported stigma levels. Setting Four undergraduate paramedicine university programs in Australia, New Zealand, Finland and South Africa. Method The Opening Minds Scale for Health Providers (OMS-HC) is a validated, 20-item instrument measuring self-reported stigma. The 20 OMS-HC items were summed and generalised linear models with log link and Poisson family were used to examine associated factors. Results The overall level of self-reported stigma across students from all countries was 53, on a scale ranging from 20 (‘least stigmatised’) to 100 (‘most stigmatised’). Compared with the Australian cohort, total stigma scores increased significantly by 8% in New Zealand (p=0.01), 15% (p<0.001), and 18% in South Africa (p=0.002). Subscale analysis revealed high scores for social distance as a construct of stigma more broadly. Conclusion The findings provide an important baseline that can be used by paramedicine programs to inform development of mental healthcare curricula seeking to reduce stigma during the formative undergraduate years of professional development. The findings can be applied in a teaching and learning setting as source material to stimulate discussion and promote student self-reflection in a range of teaching activities.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE DOMAINS ON URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI) AMONG BURAPHA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN CHONBURI, THAILAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Neni Widiasmoro Selamat ◽  
Kenneth Paul Martinez ◽  
Gaiyathre Subrain ◽  
Titinun Auamnoy
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
University Students ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

A study was done to describe awareness, knowledge and attitude level on Urinary Tract Infection among university students of Burapha University, Thailand. Cross-sectional study was conducted with the use of self-modified questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic questions and AKA domains. Total of 91 respondents (male students n=13 and female n=76) aged 19 years old participated. The total AKA level was found to be in high category (75.86 ± 13.81) and between the domains, Attitude (70.00 ± 13.28) is categorized as positive, followed by both Knowledge (57.24 ± 15.94) and Awareness (39.37 ± 13.01) which is categorized as moderate. Correlation between Awareness-Attitude was found significant at p=0.003. After the adjustment of covariates, female gender was found to have the strongest relationship compared to other covariates and all independent factors combined accounted 14.8% of variability in Total AKA. The sociodemographic factors’ of the students influenced the level of AKA and female gender have found to have be best predictor for Total AKA on UTI. Thus, this research has provided ample findings to further formulate an educational tool for the public.

scholarly journals Primary headache and factors associated in university students: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. e021207
Author(s):  
Alberto de Vitta ◽  
Rangel dal Bello Biancon ◽  
Guilherme Porfírio Cornélio ◽  
Thiago Paulo Frascareli Bento ◽  
Nicoly Machado Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sitting Posture

Introduction: Primary headaches, defined as disorders in themselves caused by independent pathomechanisms and not by other disorders, are prevalent in university students and considered one important health problems in the world. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of primary headaches and analyze associations with sociodemographic characteristics and the use of electronic devices by university students. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study analysis was carried out with a sample of 1,143 students of both genders who responded to the questionnaire on demographic, socioeconomic aspects, use of electronic devices, and on the primary headaches. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and Poisson regression were performed. Results: The overall prevalence of primary headache of 60.7%, being that, in relation to the type, 33.2% presented tension-type headache, 54.3% migraine, and 12.3% other types of headache. Regression analysis showed that female gender and income of up to two minimum wages were associated with primary headache and migraine type. The primary headache was associated with subjects of the white race; watching television and playing video games for more than 3 hours per day, for example. The sitting posture, semi-lying down, and distance from the eyes to the mobile phone and tablet longer than 20 cm were associated with primary headache and the three types of headaches. Conclusion: The results allow us to conclude that there is a high prevalence of primary headaches in college students and that socioeconomic factors related to the use of electronic devices are associated with the presence of primary headaches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document