scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on drug use disorders and provision of drug related interventions in prison

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Montanari ◽  
L Vandam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Drug Problem ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction With the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic, most European countries implemented measures to prevent the spread of infections inside prison, including: use of personal protective equipment (PPE), hygiene practices, limits to mobility, reduction of overcrowding. Their implementation affected the drug related interventions. The EMCDDA has conducted a rapid assessment to evaluate the impact of those measures on the provision of drug treatment and harm reduction services in the European prisons of 15 countries between March and June 2020. Methods The study was based on a mixed method approach that triangulated the results of an on-line survey, the outcome of a focus group with prison and drugs experts and case studies from four European countries. Results and discussion Most countries reported a reduction in the provision of drug treatment and, to a lesser extent, of harm reduction interventions inside prison during the early phase of the pandemic. The drug services tried to adapt to the new context. Innovations were introduced, including the use of telemedicine in counselling and pharmacological treatment, a better partnership between security and health staff and a more individualised approach to drug treatment. Concerns were expressed around reduction of some interventions, such as group-based interventions, services provided by external agencies, interventions in preparation for release, continuity of care and possible reduction in testing and treatment of drug related infections such as HIV, HCV and HBV due to the priority given to the COVID-19 emergence. Conclusions With the emergence of COVID-19, drug services had to address various challenges, making efforts to maintain the provision of drug-related interventions inside prison, while introducing the COVID-19 containment measures. Ensuring the equivalence and continuity of health care provision for those in prison with drug problem remains of central importance.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on drug service provision in European prisons

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Montanari ◽  
Robert Teltzrow ◽  
Sara Van Malderen ◽  
Roberto Ranieri ◽  
José Antonio Martín Peláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 containment measures on the provision of drug treatment and harm reduction services in European prisons in15 countries during the early phase of the pandemic (March –June 2020). Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a mixed method research approach that triangulates different data sources, including the results of an on-line survey, the outcome of a focus group and four national case studies. Findings The emergence of COVID-19 led to a disruption in prison drug markets and resulted in a number of challenges for the drug services provision inside prison. Challenges for health services included the need to maintain the provision of drug-related interventions inside prison, while introducing a range of COVID-19 containment measures. To reduce contacts between people, many countries introduced measures for early release, resulted in around a 10% reduction of the prison population in Europe. Concerns were expressed around reduction of drug-related interventions, including group activities, services by external agencies, interventions in preparation for release and continuity of care. Practical implications Innovations aimed at improving drug service provision included telemedicine, better partnership between security and health staff and an approach to drug treatment more individualised. Future developments must be closely monitored. Originality/value The paper provides a unique and timely overview of the main issues, challenges and initial adaptations implemented for drug services in European prisons in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Rapid assessment of the impact of lockdown on the COVID-19 epidemic in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco Ricoca Peixoto ◽  
Andre Vieira ◽  
Pedro Aguiar ◽  
Carlos Carvalho ◽  
Daniel Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hospital Inpatients ◽  
Official Data

Background: Portugal took early action to control the COVID19 epidemic, imposing a lockdown on March 16 when it recorded only 62 cases of COVID-19 per million inhabitants and no reported deaths. The Portuguese people complied quickly, reducing their overall mobility by 80% . We estimate the impact of the lockdown in Portugal in terms of reducing burden on the health service. Methods: Using publicly available official data from the Portuguese Directorate-General of Health we forecasted epidemic curves for: Cases, hospital inpatients (overall and in ICU), and deaths without lockdown, assuming that the impact of containment measures would start 14 days after lockdown was implemented. We used exponential smoothing models for deaths, intensive care (ICU) and hospitalizations and an ARIMA model for number of cases. Models were selected considering fitness to the observed data to the 31st of March 2020. We then compared observed(with intervention) and forecasted curves( without intervention). Results: Between April 1 and April 15, there were 146 fewer deaths(-25%), 5568 fewer cases (-23%) and, as of April 15, there were 519 fewer ICU inpatients(-69%) and 508 fewer overall hospital inpatients(-28%) than forecasted without lockdown. On April 15 the number of ICU inpatients could have reached 748, three times higher than the observed value (229) if the intervention had been delayed. Conclusion: If the lockdown had not been implemented in mid-March, Portugal ICU capacity (528 ICU beds) would likely have been breached in the first half of April. The lockdown seems to have been effective in reducing transmission of SARS-Cov-2, serious Covid-19 illness and associated mortality, thereby decreasing demand on health services. Early action allowed time for the National Health Service to acquire protective equipment, to increase capacity to test and cope with the surge in hospital and ICU demand caused by the pandemic.

scholarly journals Hospitalization as reliable indicator of second wave COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Allieta ◽  
Davide Rossi Sebastiano
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractTime dependent reproduction number (Rt) is one of the most popular parameters to track the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. However, especially at the initial stages, Rt can be highly underestimated because of remarkable differences between the actual number of infected people and the daily incidence of people who are tested positive. Here, we present the analysis of daily cumulative number of hospitalized (HP) and intensive care unit (ICU) patients both in space and in time in the early phases of second wave COVID-19 pandemic across eight different European countries, namely Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and United Kingdom. We derive simple model equations to fit the time dependence of these two variables where exponential behavior is observed. Growth rate constants of HP and ICU are listed, providing country-specific parameters able to estimate the burden of SARS-COV-2 infection before extensive containment measures take place. Our quantitative parameters, fully related to hospitalizations, are disentangled from the capacity range of the screening campaign, for example the number of swabs, and they cannot be directly biased by the actual number of infected people. This approach can give an array of reliable indicators which can be used by governments and healthcare systems to monitor the dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic.

Health Personnel Practices Regarding Hand Hygiene in the Delivery Room at the Middle Euphrates Teaching Hospitals

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa A K Abbas ◽  
Muntahaa Rashaan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Hygiene Practices

Literatures proved that Hand hygiene is the most important and effective infection prevention and control measure to prevent the spread of microorganisms causing HAIs and improving hand hygiene is consider a vital intervention to promote optimum patient safety in delivery room. Aim of the study; This study conducted to assess hand hygiene practices of health care personnel in the delivery room at the middle Euphrates teaching hospitals. Methods; A Descriptive qusi-expremental research design begin in 20th February to 26th May 2016, Current study sample involve all midwives and physicians in the delivery room (Total coverage.). Questionnaire used for data collection by interview forms and observational checklist was obtain from the extensive review of relevant literature and related studies Data analyzed through utilize (SPSS) software version (16) where, included descriptive analysis and inferential data analysis. The study conducted among 37 physicians and 97 midwives working in the delivery room are females. The current study indicate that the overall evaluation for the health staff practices regarding hand hygiene is fair at Karbala, Al-Najaf, Babylon and Diwaniah with high difference in health staff practices regarding infection control precautions (hand hygiene) and the different studied governorates at pvalue 0.001. based on the finding of present study majority of health care personnel have fair applies related to hand hygiene practices at different studied governorate hospitals. Updating practice of health care personnel through continuing inservice educational programs. Regular inspection and follow-up from the ministry of health for assurances good hand hygiene, the important of exist motivation system and punishment system to the neglected health care personnel.

scholarly journals Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Mehanović ◽  
Federica Vigna-Taglianti ◽  
Fabrizio Faggiano ◽  
Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽  
Barbara Zunino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.

scholarly journals POS0291 THE IMPACT OF DRUG INDUCED AND OTHER RHEUMATIC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MD) ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL) OF CANCER PATIENTS RECEIVED ANTICANCER DRUG TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 371.1-371
Author(s):  
A. Koltakova ◽  
A. Lila ◽  
L. P. Ananyeva ◽  
A. Fedenko
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Role Functioning ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eortc Qlq C30 ◽  
Eortc Qlq ◽  
The Impact

Background:Pts with cancer may have MD that can be caused by neoplastic/paraneoplastic disease, rheumatic diseases or be induced by anticancer drug treatment. There is no data about MD influence on the QoL of cancer patients. The EORTC QoL questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 is a valid questionnaire designed to assess different aspects (Global health (GH), Functional (FS) and symptoms (SS) scales) that define the QoL of cancer patients [1].Objectives:The objective of the study was to assess the impact of drug induced and other types of MD on the QoL of cancer patients that received anticancer drug treatment by using of EORTC QLQ-C30 v3.0.Methods:The sampling of 123 pts (M/F – 40/83; mean age 54.4±12.8) with breast (32,5%), gastrointestinal (17%), ovary (8%), lung (7%) and other cancer was observed by rheumatologist in the oncology outpatient clinic. All pts received anticancer drug treatment: chemotherapy (104 pts), target therapy (16 pts) checkpoint-inhibitors (14 pts), hormone therapy (13 pts) in different combinations. 102(82.9%) of 123pts had MD include arthritis (12 pts), synovitis (5 pts), arthralgia (66 pts), periarthritis (34 pts), osteodynia (13 pts). There were 58 pts (group 1; M/F – 14/44; mean age 52.5±12.2) with anticancer drug treatment induced MD and 44 pts (group 2; M/F – 16/27; mean age 57.6±13.5) with other type of MD include 26 pts with skeletal metastasis. The were 21 pts (group 3; M/F – 10/11; mean age 52.9±11.1) without MD. All pts fulfilled EORTC QLQ-C30 v3.0 (tab.1).Table 1.The median [Q1;Q3] of results of GH, SS and SS of EORTC QLQ-C30ScaleSubscaleGroup1Group2Group3GH58.3[50;58]58.3[41.7;83.3]50[50;66.7]FS*Physical functioning73.3[60;86.7]73.3[66.7;86.7]86.7[80;93]Role functioning66.7[66.7;100]83.3[50;100]100[83;100]Emotional functioning83.3[66.7;100]75[66.7;91.7]91.6[83.3;100]Social functioning83.3[66.7;100]83.3[50;100]100[83.3;100]SS*Pain33.3[0;50]16.7[0;33.3]0[0;16.7]*There are only the scores that had got a statistical difference between the groups.Kruskal-Wallis H and post-hoc (Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner (DSCF) pairwise comparisons) tests for data analysis were performed.Results:A Kruskal-Wallis H test has shown a statistically significant difference in physical (χ2(2)=7.54; p=0.023), role (χ2(2)=9.87; p=0.007), emotion (χ2(2)=7.69; p=0.021) functioning and pain (χ2(2)=8.44; p=0.015) scores between the different groups. A post-hoc test with DSCF pairwise comparisons of median has shown a statistically significant difference between 1 and 3 groups (W=3.904; p=0.016) for physical functioning, between 2 and 3 groups (W=3.35; p=0.004) for role functioning, between 2 and 3 groups (W=4.03; p=0.012) for emotional functioning, between 1 and 3 groups (W=-3.97; p=0.014) for pain scale.Conclusion:The study has shown that MD associated with anticancer drug treatment adversely affected the QoL of cancer patients received anticancer drug treatment by reducing a physical functioning and by increasing pain scores. Presence of other types of MD adversely affect the QoL by reducing emotional and role functioning.References:[1]Aaronson NK,et al.The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst.1993;85(5):365-376. doi:10.1093/jnci/85.5.365Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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