scholarly journals Social Gradients in Alcohol Use Disorders with and without Depression: Immigrants vs Norwegians

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Leonhardt ◽  
D Shawel Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

Abstract Background The social gradient in health runs from top to bottom of the socioeconomic spectrum. Poverty is associated with poor health and problematic unhealthy behaviors. Depression is strongly associated with social inequalities, while alcohol use disorders are not necessarily associated with a low socio economic status. Immigrants often have a lower social economic status than the host population. Research regarding alcohol use disorders, depression and a social gradient among immigrants is scare. The present study explores social gradients in persons with alcohol use disorders with and without depression and examines potential discrepancies between immigrant and native Norwegian patients receiving public specialist health care. Methods Data of 2.4 million native Norwegians and 468.496 immigrants, registered in the national mandatory Norwegian Patient Register and population data from Statistics Norway were analyzed. ICD 10 main diagnoses were used to identify patient groups - at least diagnosed once during 2008 - 2016. Immigrants had been pooled into 5 world regions. Logistic regression models have been applied to show associations between socio demographics/regions and alcohol use disorders and/or depression. Results African (OR = 0.35; 95%CI:0.27-0.44) and Asian (OR = 0.23; 95%CI:0.16-0.32) immigrants had a lower risk of developing alcohol use disorders with depression than Western Europeans (OR = 0.76; 95% CI:0.60-0.98), using native Norwegians as a reference. In general, persons with a lower socioeconomic status are more often affected of alcohol use disorder only (OR = 3.77; 95%CI:3.64-3.91) than with alcohol use disorder and concurrent depression (OR = 3.52; 95%CI:3.25-3.83). Conclusions To detect possible deficits in patient care, knowledge of social gradients in a marginalized group such as persons with alcohol use disorders and/or depression is essential. This may contribute to targeted and individualized health care- regardless of immigrant status. Key messages The risk of developing alcohol use disorders with depression varies between immigrants according to their origin. Persons with a lower socioeconomic status are more often affected of alcohol use disorder only than with alcohol use disorder and concurrent depression.

scholarly journals Association between socio-economic status and sexual behavior of adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejana Vukovic ◽  
Vesna Bjegovic-Mikanovic
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of contextual factors as determinants of sexual behavior of adolescents. It has been found that lower socioeconomic status is associated with risky sexual behavior. Sexual behavior is individual but develops under strong influence of cultural and other influences. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of family?s socioeconomic status and risky sexual behavior of adolescents in Belgrade. Method. Self-administered questionnaire was used in secondary schools in Belgrade, and 1,782 adolescents attending first grade filled the questionnaire. For the analyses of predictors of risky sexual behavior, multiple logistic regression was used. Results. Parents? occupations did not show significant association with any of analyzed behaviors. Adolescents who received weekly disposable money above average were 2.5 times more likely to ever have had sexual intercourse, and if sexually active were more likely to use contraception. Perceived family?s wealth was a significant predictor of ever having sex (OR=1.9; CI 1.2-2.8) and not using contraception (OR=4.3; CI 1.2-15.0). Conclusion. Socioeconomic status is associated with sexual behaviors of adolescents. Fifteen-year olds who perceive their families as wealthier are more likely to ever have had sex and not use any kind of contraception. Adolescents with higher weekly income are more likely to ever have had sex and use contraception than their counterpats with less weekly disposable money. .

scholarly journals Attendance Boundary Policies and the Limits to Combating School Segregation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen ◽  
Mikkel H. Gandil
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Student Composition ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Over Time

What is the efficacy of redrawing school attendance boundaries as a desegregation policy? To provide causal evidence on this question we employ novel data with unprecedented detail on the universe of Danish children and exploit changes in attendance boundaries over time. Households defy reassignments to schools with lower socioeconomic status. There is a strong social gradient in defiance, as resourceful households are more sensitive to the student composition of schools. We simulate the efficacy of desegregation policies and find that in areas with large levels of segregation, behavioral responses of households almost completely offset the intended effects of boundary changes.

scholarly journals Cost Concerns of Patients With Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy K. Stump ◽  
Naa Eghan ◽  
Brian L. Egleston ◽  
Olivia Hamilton ◽  
Melanie Pirollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

Cost concerns are common among patients with cancer who have health insurance. Health care providers may alleviate concerns by discussing cost-related concerns with all patients, not only those of lower socioeconomic status or those without insurance.

scholarly journals Providing Appropriate Pancreatic Cancer Care for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Surgical Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anna D. Louie ◽  
Chibueze A. Nwaiwu ◽  
Julia Rozenberg ◽  
Debolina Banerjee ◽  
Gillian J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

People experiencing homelessness are particularly vulnerable when diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Patients with lower socioeconomic status have worse outcomes from pancreatic cancer as the result of disparities in access to treatment and barriers to navigation of the health care system. Patients with lower socioeconomic status, or who are vulnerably housed, are less likely to receive surgical treatment even when it is recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. This disparity in access to surgical care explains much of the gap in pancreatic cancer outcomes. There are many factors that contribute to this disparity in surgical management of pancreatic cancer in people experiencing homelessness. These include a lack of reliable transportation, feeling unwelcome in the medical setting, a lack of primary care and health insurance, and implicit biases of health care providers, including racial bias. Solutions that focus on rectifying these problems include utilizing patient navigators, addressing implicit biases of all health care providers and staff, creating an environment that caters to the needs of patients experiencing homelessness, and improving their access to insurance and regional support networks. Implementing these potential solutions all the way from the individual provider to national safety nets could improve outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer who are experiencing homelessness.

Personality Processes Related to the Development and Resolution of Alcohol Use Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Sher ◽  
Andrew Littlefield ◽  
Matthew Lee
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Adult Role ◽  
Static View

This chapter discusses relations between personality and alcohol use disorder (AUD). After reviewing basic terms and concepts in personality research, two major areas of contemporary research are discussed. The first area concerns how personality traits are implicated in etiologic pathways to AUD. This highlights the centrality of personality to conceptualizing AUD and related psychopathology. The second area is research emphasizing movement beyond a static view of personality, recognizing that personality traits are dynamic and change as a function of human development and life transitions. In particular, whereas past research on “maturing out” of AUD emphasized salutary effects of young adult role transitions, recent evidence reveals normative patterns of developmental personality maturation and supports these as additional influences on maturing out. The chapter discusses ways that contextual role effects and personality maturation can perhaps be integrated into a broader model of maturing out of AUD. Implications for future investigation are presented.

Implications of Heterogeneity in Alcohol Use Disorders for Understanding Developmental Pathways and Prevention Programming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Hussong ◽  
W. Andrew Rothenberg ◽  
Ruth K Smith ◽  
Maleeha Haroon
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Prevention Programming ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Core Deficit ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

This chapter discusses current conceptualizations of heterogeneity in alcohol use disorder (AUD), characterizes developmental pathways that lead to different subtypes of AUDs, and discusses how such pathways can inform preventive program design. Specifically, it reviews the “internalizing” and “externalizing” developmental pathways to AUDs. The externalizing pathway is characterized by a core deficit in behavioral control, whereas the internalizing pathway is characterized by a core deficit in emotion regulation. Both pathways predict drinking onset and escalation to AUD for some individuals. The chapter calls for the development of interventions to treat early childhood precursors to AUDs, innovative methods to identify individuals at risk for early emerging AUDs, additional investigation of how core pathway deficits operate across development, and greater consideration of how externalizing and internalizing pathways may interact within and across individuals.

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