scholarly journals The status of compliance with guidelines of cancer screening in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kono ◽  
K Matsuda ◽  
R Machii ◽  
K Saika ◽  
H Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gastric Cancer Screening

Abstract Background The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) establishes screening recommendations specifying screening methods, age, and interval for gastric, colon, lung, breast, and cervical cancers. Screening programs are provided via local healthcare departments (LHD), who are responsible for managing programs and reporting the screening status through a survey annually. Methods We analyzed screening status provided by LHDs in fiscal 2017 in regards to appropriate screening age and interval. Briefly, current recommended screening age by MHLW is followed: colon, lung, breast cancer screening are age 40 years and older, and cervical cancer for aged 20 and older, and gastric cancer for aged 50 and older. Screening intervals are gastric, breast, and cervical cancer screening are two years, and colon and lung cancer screening are one year. Results The survey was completed by 1736 LHD (response rate: 99.9%). Regarding age-appropriate compliance, in cervical cancer, 96.4% of LHDs reported following recommended target age, while compliance was lower for lung, colon, breast, and gastric cancers at 79.4%, 75.7%, 60.2% and 4.2%, respectively. High compliance with recommendations for screening interval was identified for colon (99.7%) and lung (98.7%) cancers; this was substantially less for breast, cervical, and gastric cancer screening at 39.8%, 34.1%, and 4.6%, respectively. Conclusions In 2016, MLHW changed the starting screening age for gastric cancer from 40 to 50 years old, likely resulting in the lowest compliance in our analysis. Though it may take time for screening facilities to come into compliance with newer recommendations. Many LHDs provide screening without adhering to recommended starting ages, with a general tendency to provide screening at younger than recommended ages. This is a barrier to maximizing effectiveness and minimize harms of screening and warrants closer monitoring to promote efficiency in cancer screening programs. Key messages There is relatively low compliance with cancer screening guidelines in Japan. Establishing an environment of appropriate monitoring and support to achieve the goal of cancer screening is warranted.

scholarly journals Awareness of carcinoma cervix in nursing personnel of a tertiary care institute, Mumbai, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Pooja K. Bandekar ◽  
Prashant B. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Carcinoma Cervix ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Screening Programs

Background: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common cancer of women all over the world and commonest cancer among Indian women. Awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention low amongst Indian women. The Pap test is a simple cost-effective technique for screening to help early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Nursing staff should be made aware of cervical cancer, so that they can spread the knowledge to the general public. Objectives of present study were to assess the knowledge level regarding symptoms, risk factors, prevention and screening of cervical carcinoma among nursing staff and to find out the behaviour of respondents regarding prevention and screening of cervical carcinomaMethods: A cross-sectional interview-based survey regarding knowledge of cervical carcinoma was conducted among the nursing staff of a tertiary care institutes of Mumbai.A structured questionnaire with multiple choices was used as a tool for data collection. Provision for open-ended responses was also made in the questionnaire. 100 nurses participated in the current study. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel. SPSS statistical software was used to generate statistical parameters like proportion, mean, standard deviation, etc. The test of significance used was the Z test and a P value of <0.05 was considered as the level of significance.Results: We lack an organized opportunistic screening program for cervical cancer in India. Data indicates a slow, but steady, decline in the incidence of cervical cancer. However, the rates are still too high, particularly in the rural areas. It is extremely essential to screen eligible women when they come to health units for other services. Studies have shown it is possible to train nurses to screen for cervical cancer. Attitudes that screening is to be done by doctors or gynaecologists only needs to change. The survey revealed that the hospital played a limited role as a source of information on Pap smear. This calls for a re-orientation of nurses, paramedicals and health workers and a need for introduction of simpler cervical cancer screening methods such as visual inspections that are more sustainableConclusions: Awareness about cervical cancer has to be improved. Education of the nursing personel will strongly contribute to strengthen cervical cancer screening programs. Nursing staff can and should educate the masses to help increase health awareness in women.

Lung Cancer Screening: Promise and Pitfalls

2012 ◽  
pp. 450-457
Author(s):  
Christine D. Berg ◽  
Denise R. Aberle ◽  
Douglas E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Helical Computed Tomography ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
National Lung Screening Trial

OVERVIEW: The results of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) have provided the medical community and American public with considerable optimism about the potential to reduce lung cancer mortality with imaging-based screening. Designed as a randomized trial, the NLST has provided the first evidence of screening benefit by showing a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality and a 6.7% reduction in all-cause mortality with low dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) screening relative to chest X-ray. The major harms of LDCT screening include the potential for radiation-induced carcinogenesis; high false-positivity rates in individuals without lung cancer, and overdiagnosis. Following the results of the NLST, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) published the first of multiple lung cancer screening guidelines under development by major medical organizations. These recommendations amalgamated screening cohorts, practices, interpretations, and diagnostic follow-up based on the NLST and other published studies to provide guidance for the implementation of LDCT screening. There are major areas of opportunity to optimize implementation. These include standardizing practices in the screening setting, optimizing risk profiles for screening and for managing diagnostic evaluation in individuals with indeterminate nodules, developing interdisciplinary screening programs in conjunction with smoking cessation, and approaching all stakeholders systematically to ensure the broadest education and dissemination of screening benefits relative to risks. The incorporation of validated biomarkers of risk and preclinical lung cancer can substantially enhance the effectiveness screening programs.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Chrysostomou ◽  
Dora Stylianou ◽  
Anastasia Constantinidou ◽  
Leondios Kostrikis
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Screening Programs

Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently occurring cancer in women around the world and can affect them during their reproductive years. Since the development of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, screening has been essential in identifying cervical cancer at a treatable stage. With the identification of the human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent of essentially all cervical cancer cases, HPV molecular screening tests and HPV vaccines for primary prevention against the virus have been developed. Accordingly, comparative studies were designed to assess the performance of cervical cancer screening methods in order to devise the best screening strategy possible. This review critically assesses the current cervical cancer screening methods as well as the implementation of HPV vaccination in Europe. The most recent European Guidelines and recommendations for organized population-based programs with HPV testing as the primary screening method are also presented. Lastly, the current landscape of cervical cancer screening programs is assessed for both European Union member states and some associated countries, in regard to the transition towards population-based screening programs with primary HPV testing.

Do fears of getting cancer and family history of cancer influence participation in opportunistic screening or organized screening for gastric cancer?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13045-e13045
Author(s):  
Myung-Il Hahm ◽  
Kui Son Choi ◽  
Hoo-Yeon Lee ◽  
Mina Suh ◽  
Yoon Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Family History ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Opportunistic Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Family History Of Cancer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gastric Cancer Screening ◽  
History Of Cancer

e13045 Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death in Korea. Individuals with a family history of cancer might overestimate their personal risk for getting cancer and report high cancer-related worry or concern. Those factors could positively or negatively influence on cancer screening behavior. Although Korea has a universal screening program for common cancers, some people still choose opportunistic screening program with out-of-pocket costs. This study was to identify association between fears of getting cancer and participation on opportunistic anc organized screening programs for cancer. Methods: The study population was derived from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey 2013, which is annual survey conducted by National Cancer Center of Korea in order to investigate trends of participation rates among general population in cancer screening. 3,004 individuals aged over 40 years were finally selected as study subjects. Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression model were used to identify factors associated with being screened for gastric cancer. Results: A total of 2,078 of the subjects (69.2%) underwent gastric cancer screening, of which 311 individuals (10.4%) participated in opportunistic and 1,767 individuals (58.8%) participated in organized screening programs. After adjusting socio-demographic factors and health behaviors, worry and concern about cancer were identified as factors positively associated with being screened for gastric cancer. ORs for undergoing gastric cancer screening were elevated for both screening programs according to the level of worry and concern about cancer (p for trend < 0.05). We did not found relationship between family history of gastric cancer and participation. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that fears of getting cancer such as worry and concerned about cancer had a stronger influence on participation in not only organized screening program but also opportunistic screening program. We could identify that ORs for undergoing the opportunistic screening were slightly higher than those for undergoing the organized screening in terms of cancer worry and cancer concern.

Lung cancer screening on YouTube: Difficulty of finding balanced information.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
Juan Alban ◽  
Luis Felipe Alban ◽  
Amit Khanal ◽  
Lawrence Eric Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
False Positives ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Risks And Benefits

162 Background: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the US, the ACS estimates upwards of 220,000 new cases will be diagnosed this year. Recently, the Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services (CMS) agreed to cover LC screening with low-dose CT for patients however, CMS requires prior documentation of a shared-decision making (SDM) visit between the patient and the referring clinician to inform them about risks of screening. LC Screening programs have begun to use YouTube for patient recruitment, education and marketing of screening. The objective of this study is to shed light on the role of YouTube in lung cancer screening in terms of guidelines, screening options, target population, steps after screening, and risks and benefits of screening. Methods: We searched YouTube.com to identify videos dealing with lung screening using the keywords: lung cancer screening. Videos without sound, uploaded before 2009, longer than 20 minutes, duplicates and videos in a language other than English were excluded. This method yielded 124 videos that fit criteria. Videos were coded for inclusion of LC screening process, risks and benefits of screening, screening guidelines, risk factors for LC, and treatment options after LC diagnosis. Results: 124 videos had a cumulative 262753 views. 38.7% of the videos included no mention of CMS guidelines. Only 30% included any mention of the risks associated with screening; 14% mentioned false positives, 12% radiation; 4% anxiety associated with screening though 92% of all videos sampled were intended for patients. 91% of videos explained the benefits associated with cancer screening however, only 26% explained the actual process of screening. The majority of videos were created by medical institutions (66%). No videos sampled included false information. Conclusions: While most videos highlighted the benefits of LC screening, YouTube can’t serve as a replacement for SDM visits due to inadequate discussion of risks of screening. A substantially low number of videos (30%) discussed the risks of lung cancer screening. Given the high rate of false positives, radiation and anxiety associated with screening, patients need to be made aware of these risks so they can make an informed decision.

scholarly journals The Clinical Role of HPV Testing in Primary and Secondary Cervical Cancer Screening

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hoste ◽  
K. Vossaert ◽  
W. A. J. Poppe
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Hpv Test

Traditional population-based cervical screening programs, based on cytology, have successfully reduced the burden of cervical cancer. Nevertheless limitations remain and new screening methods are emerging. Despite vaccination against the 2 most oncogenic types (HPV 16/18), cervical cancer screening will have to continue as an essential public health strategy. As the acquisition of an HR-HPV infection is critical in the progression to (pre-)cancerous cervical lesions, recent research has focused on HR-HPV detection. The sensitivity of HPV testing in primary and secondary prevention outweighs that of cytology, at the cost of slightly lower specificity. Although most of the HR-HPV infections are cleared after conization, new evidence from numerous studies encourages the implementation of HR-HPV testing and genotyping to improve posttreatment surveillance. An HR-HPV test 6 months after conization is a promising useful clinical marker to detect persistence and prevent progression. This review highlights the clinical role of HPV testing in primary and secondary cervical cancer screening.

Su1971 Efficiency of Gastric Cancer Screening Programs in Korea: Organized Versus Opportunistic Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. S-521
Author(s):  
Beom Jin Kim ◽  
Sung Woon Park ◽  
Sang Wook Lee ◽  
Jae G. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Gastric Cancer Screening

scholarly journals Performance of Different Gastric Cancer Screening Methods in Korea: A Population-Based Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e50041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Son Choi ◽  
Jae Kwan Jun ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park ◽  
Sohee Park ◽  
Kyu Won Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Gastric Cancer Screening

scholarly journals CA72-4 may contribute to real-time reconnaissance of gastric cancer

F1000Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Keller ◽  
Ella Reiss-Sklan ◽  
Miri Refael ◽  
Viola Andresen ◽  
Yael Levy-Herman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Gastric Cancer Screening

Objective: Data from prospective studies indicate a positive impact of gastric cancer screening programs on mortality associated with the disease. Unfortunately, endoscopic procedures, widely regarded as uncomfortable, face low patient compliance, thus underscoring the need for reliable biological markers capable of detection of tumor growth in bodily fluids. Furthermore, in light of the emerging patient-friendly, still devoid of histopathological capabilities, capsule endoscopy, gastric fluid may prove valuable for biomarker-assisted cancer diagnosis. We set out to determine whether CA72-4 measurement in gastric fluid may be of benefit for detection of gastric cancer.Design: Open prospective study.Setting: Sample collection was performed at a tertiary referral center for patients with gastroenterological diseases; immunological analysis was performed at the R&D facility of a commercial biotechnology company. Studies were part of an EU-FP6 project (NEMO).Patients: 176 patients referred for endoscopy due to gastrointestinal complaints.Interventions: Gastric juice was aspirated endoscopically according to standard operating procedures, volume and pH were measured immediately and samples stored at -80°C.Outcome measures: Concentration of CA72-4 tumor marker was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Median CA72-4 levels were about 4-fold higher in cancer patients compared with patients with normal gastric findings, gastric inflammation, intestinal metaplasia or other diseases (p=0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that elevated CA72-4 was significantly predicted by gastric carcinoma adjusted for H. pylori status, age, smoking status, PPI dose, and pH of aspirate (R2=0.27, p<0.0001). In this model, diagnosis of gastric carcinoma had by far the greatest influence. At a cut-off level of 100 U/ml, CA72-4 had 75% sensitivity and 89% specificity for detection of gastric cancer.Conclusions: Based on our findings, CA72-4 level assessment in gastric fluid, featuring yet unmatched accuracy of malignant neoplasia detection may prove beneficial for gastric cancer screening.

scholarly journals Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Cristina Herrera-Pariente ◽  
Sheyla Montori ◽  
Joan Llach ◽  
Alex Bofill ◽  
Eduardo Albeniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Gastric Cancer Screening ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a bad prognosis associated with late-stage diagnosis, significantly decreasing the overall survival. This highlights the importance of early detection to improve the clinical course of these patients. Although screening programs, based on endoscopic or radiologic approaches, have been useful in countries with high incidence, they are not cost-effective in low-incidence populations as a massive screening strategy. Additionally, current biomarkers used in daily routine are not specific and sensitive enough, and most of them are obtained invasively. Thus, it is imperative to discover new noninvasive biomarkers able to diagnose early-stage gastric cancer. In this context, liquid biopsy is a promising strategy. In this review, we briefly discuss some of the potential biomarkers for gastric cancer screening and diagnosis identified in blood, saliva, urine, stool, and gastric juice.

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