scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequencing of Procyonids Reveals Distinct Demographic Histories in Kinkajou (Potos Flavus) and Northern Raccoon (Procyon Lotor)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian T N Tsuchiya ◽  
Rebecca B Dikow ◽  
Klaus-Peter Koepfli ◽  
Paul B Frandsen ◽  
Larry L Rockwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Comparison ◽  
Potos Flavus

Abstract Here we present the initial comparison of the nuclear genomes of the North American raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the kinkajou (Potos flavus) based on draft assemblies. These two species encompass almost 21 million years of evolutionary history within Procyonidae. Since assemblies greatly impact downstream results such as gene prediction and annotation, we tested three de novo assembly strategies (implemented in ALLPATHS-LG, MaSuRCA, and Platanus), some of which are optimized for highly heterozygous genomes. We discovered significant variation in contig and scaffold N50 and L50 statistics and genome completeness depending on the de novo assembler used. We compared the performance of these three assembly algorithms in hopes that this study will aid others looking to improve the quality of existing draft genome assemblies even without additional sequence data. We also estimate the demographic histories of raccoons and kinkajous using the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) and discuss the variation in population sizes with respect to climatic change during the Pleistocene, as well as aspects of their ecology and taxonomy. Our goal is to achieve a better understanding of the evolutionary history of procyonids and to create robust genomic resources for future studies regarding adaptive divergence and selection.

scholarly journals The Genome Sequence of the Anthelmintic-Susceptible New Zealand Haemonchus contortus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1965-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Palevich ◽  
Paul H Maclean ◽  
Abdul Baten ◽  
Richard W Scott ◽  
David M Leathwick
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Hybrid Assembly ◽  
Genetic Structures

Abstract Internal parasitic nematodes are a global animal health issue causing drastic losses in livestock. Here, we report a H. contortus representative draft genome to serve as a genetic resource to the scientific community and support future experimental research of molecular mechanisms in related parasites. A de novo hybrid assembly was generated from PCR-free whole genome sequence data, resulting in a chromosome-level assembly that is 465 Mb in size encoding 22,341 genes. The genome sequence presented here is consistent with the genome architecture of the existing Haemonchus species and is a valuable resource for future studies regarding population genetic structures of parasitic nematodes. Additionally, comparative pan-genomics with other species of economically important parasitic nematodes have revealed highly open genomes and strong collinearities within the phylum Nematoda.

scholarly journals Identification, Characterization, and Recombinant Expression of Epidermicin NI01, a Novel Unmodified Bacteriocin Produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis That Displays Potent Activity against Staphylococci

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1539-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sandiford ◽  
Mathew Upton
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Recombinant Expression ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTWe describe the discovery, purification, characterization, and expression of an antimicrobial peptide, epidermicin NI01, which is an unmodified bacteriocin produced byStaphylococcus epidermidisstrain 224. It is a highly cationic, hydrophobic, plasmid-encoded peptide that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity toward a wide range of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), enterococci, and biofilm-formingS. epidermidisstrains. Purification of the peptide was achieved using a combination of hydrophobic interaction, cation exchange, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis yielded a molecular mass of 6,074 Da, and partial sequence data of the peptide were elucidated using a combination of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) andde novosequencing. The draft genome sequence of the producing strain was obtained using 454 pyrosequencing technology, thus enabling the identification of the structural gene using thede novopeptide sequence data previously obtained. Epidermicin NI01 contains 51 residues with four tryptophan and nine lysine residues, and the sequence showed approximately 50% identity to peptides lacticin Z, lacticin Q, and aureocin A53, all of which belong to a new family of unmodified type II-like bacteriocins. The peptide is active in the nanomolar range againstS. epidermidis, MRSA isolates, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Other unique features displayed by epidermicin include a high degree of protease stability and the ability to retain antimicrobial activity over a pH range of 2 to 10, and exposure to the peptide does not result in development of resistance in susceptible isolates. In this study we also show the structural gene alone can be cloned intoEscherichia colistrain BL21(DE3), and expression yields active peptide.

scholarly journals Insights from the first genome assembly of Onion (Allium cepa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Finkers ◽  
Martijn P.W. van Kaauwen ◽  
Kai Ament ◽  
Karin Burger-Meijer ◽  
Raymond J. Egging ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Genetic Linkage Maps

Onion is an important vegetable crop with an estimated genome size of 16GB. We describe the de novo assembly and ab initio annotation of the genome of a doubled haploid onion line DHCU066619, which resulted in a final assembly of 14.9 Gb with a N50 of 461 Kb. Of which 2.2 Gb was ordered into 8 pseudomolecules using five genetic linkage maps. The remainder of the genome is available in 89.8 K scaffolds. Analysis of this genome shows that at least 72.4% of the genome is repetitive and consists, to a large extent, of (retro) transposons. Many (retro) transposons were already quite old as they had accumulated many mutations, facilitating their assembly, however, hampering their identification. The draft ab initio gene prediction indicated 540 925 putative gene models, which is far more than expected, possibly due to the presence of pseudogenes. 86,073 models showed similarity to published proteins (UNIPROT). No gene rich regions were found, genes are uniformly distributed over the genome. Analysis of synteny with A. sativum (garlic) showed collinearity but also major rearrangements between both species. Not-withstanding, this assembly is the first high-quality draft genome sequence available for the study of onion and will be a valuable resource for further research.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence and intraspecific diversification of the wild crop relative Brassica cretica Lam. using demographic model selection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis Kioukis ◽  
Vassiliki A. Michalopoulou ◽  
Laura Briers ◽  
Stergios Pirintsos ◽  
David J. Studholme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Demographic Model ◽  
Sequencing Data

AbstractCrop wild relatives contain great levels of genetic diversity, representing an invaluable resource for crop improvement. Many of their traits have the potential to help crops become more resistant and resilient, and adapt to the new conditions that they will experience due to climate change. An impressive global effort occurs for the conservation of various wild crop relatives and facilitates their use in crop breeding for food security.The genus Brassica is listed in Annex I of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Brassica oleracea (or wild cabbage) is a species native to coastal southern and western Europe that has become established as an important human food crop plant because of its large reserves stored over the winter in its leaves.Brassica cretica Lam. is a wild relative crop in the brassica group and B. cretica subsp. nivea has been suggested as a separate subspecies. The species B. cretica has been proposed as a potential gene donor to a number of crops in the brassica group, including broccoli, Brussels sprout, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, swede, turnip and oilseed rape.Here, we present the draft de novo genome assemblies of four B. cretica individuals, including two B. cretica subsp. nivea and two B. cretica.De novo assembly of Illumina MiSeq genomic shotgun sequencing data yielded 243,461 contigs totalling 412.5 Mb in length, corresponding to 122 % of the estimated genome size of B. cretica (339 Mb). According to synteny mapping and phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes, B. cretica genome based on our sequence data reveals approximately 30.360 proteins.Furthermore, our demographic analysis based on whole genome data, suggests that distinct populations of B. cretica are not isolated. Our findings suggest that the classification of the B. cretica in distinct subspecies is not supported from the genome sequence data we analyzed.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Assembly of the Sheep Scab Mite, Psoroptes ovis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. e00265-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart T. G. Burgess ◽  
Kathryn Bartley ◽  
Edward J. Marr ◽  
Harry W. Wright ◽  
Robert J. Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Psoroptes Ovis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sheep Scab ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Intense Pruritus

ABSTRACT Sheep scab, caused by infestation with Psoroptes ovis, is highly contagious, results in intense pruritus, and represents a major welfare and economic concern. Here, we report the first draft genome assembly and gene prediction of P. ovis based on PacBio de novo sequencing. The ∼63.2-Mb genome encodes 12,041 protein-coding genes.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the north-temperate Labrador Teas (Ericaceae: Rhododendron Subsect. Ledum) suggests a complex genetic history

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Andrew Hart ◽  
Kathleen Kron ◽  
Emily Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
The North ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Floral Characters

The Labrador teas are a group of nearly circumboreal shrubs or sub-shrubs inhabiting damp habitats. The 4–7 currently recognized species are classified within Rhododendron subg. Rhododendron section Rhododendron subsect. Ledum. In floral characters, these species are extremely similar. In vegetative characters, species limits in the Labrador teas have been difficult to determine because many of the traditionally used morphological characters vary continually across the geographic range. This study investigated evolutionary history and preliminary consideration of some species boundaries in the Labrador teas using DNA sequence data from five molecular markers to generate a preliminary phylogeny of R. subsect. Ledum. Data were analyzed using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The nuclear data indicate a monophyletic subsect. Ledum, but chloroplast data indicate that the North American taxa have an evolutionary history separate from the European and Asian taxa, suggesting that one or both lineages of subsect. Ledum may be of hybrid origin. Additionally, our analyses suggest that taxa combined in recent treatments (i.e. Rhododendron tomentosum) represent separate lineages and should be recognized as distinct instead of included within more broadly defined species, however our current level of sampling cannot completely resolve this issue. This study lays the groundwork for future phylogenetic studies within subsect. Ledum, illustrating the need to sample more intensively across taxa in order to capture what appears to be a complex genetic and biogeographic history.

scholarly journals DATMA: Distributed AuTomatic Metagenomic Assembly and annotation framework

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9762
Author(s):  
Andres Benavides ◽  
Friman Sanchez ◽  
Juan F. Alzate ◽  
Felipe Cabarcas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
De Novo Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Sequencing Quality ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
Metagenomic Assembly ◽  
Taxonomic Annotation

Background A prime objective in metagenomics is to classify DNA sequence fragments into taxonomic units. It usually requires several stages: read’s quality control, de novo assembly, contig annotation, gene prediction, etc. These stages need very efficient programs because of the number of reads from the projects. Furthermore, the complexity of metagenomes requires efficient and automatic tools that orchestrate the different stages. Method DATMA is a pipeline for fast metagenomic analysis that orchestrates the following: sequencing quality control, 16S rRNA-identification, reads binning, de novo assembly and evaluation, gene prediction, and taxonomic annotation. Its distributed computing model can use multiple computing resources to reduce the analysis time. Results We used a controlled experiment to show DATMA functionality. Two pre-annotated metagenomes to compare its accuracy and speed against other metagenomic frameworks. Then, with DATMA we recovered a draft genome of a novel Anaerolineaceae from a biosolid metagenome. Conclusions DATMA is a bioinformatics tool that automatically analyzes complex metagenomes. It is faster than similar tools and, in some cases, it can extract genomes that the other tools do not. DATMA is freely available at https://github.com/andvides/DATMA.

scholarly journals A Hybridde novoAssembly of the Sea Pansy (Renilla muelleri) Genome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Jiang ◽  
Andrea M. Quattrini ◽  
Warren R. Francis ◽  
Joseph F. Ryan ◽  
Estefanía Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Celera Assembler ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Hybrid Genome ◽  
Reporter Assays

AbstractBackgroundOver 3,000 species of octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) inhabit an expansive range of environments, from shallow tropical seas to the deep-ocean floor. They are important foundation species that create coral “forests” which provide unique niches and three-dimensional living space for other organisms. The octocoral genusRenillainhabits sandy, continental shelves in the subtropical and tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans.Renillais especially interesting because it produces secondary metabolites for defense, exhibits bioluminescence, and produces a luciferase that is widely used in dual-reporter assays in molecular biology. Although several cnidarian genomes are currently available, the majority are from hexacorals. Here, we present ade novoassembly of theR. muellerigenome, making this the first complete draft genome from an octocoral.FindingsWe generated a hybridde novoassembly using the Maryland Super-Read Celera Assembler v.3.2.6 (MaSuRCA). The final assembly included 4,825 scaffolds and a haploid genome size of 172 Mb. A BUSCO assessment found 88% of metazoan orthologs present in the genome. An Augustusab initiogene prediction found 23,660 genes, of which 66% (15,635) had detectable similarity to annotated genes from the starlet sea anemone,Nematostella vectensis,or to the Uniprot database. Although theR. muellerigenome is smaller (172 Mb) than other publicly available, hexacoral genomes (256-448 Mb), theR. muellerigenome is similar to the hexacoral genomes in terms of the number of complete metazoan BUSCOs and predicted gene models.ConclusionsTheR. muellerihybrid genome provides a novel resource for researchers to investigate the evolution of genes and gene families within Octocorallia and more widely across Anthozoa. It will be a key resource for future comparative genomics with other corals and for understanding the genomic basis of coral diversity.

scholarly journals The First Draft Genome Assembly of Snow Sheep (Ovis nivicola)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulik Upadhyay ◽  
Andreas Hauser ◽  
Elisabeth Kunz ◽  
Stefan Krebs ◽  
Helmut Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Sheep Genome ◽  
Long Reads

Abstract The snow sheep, Ovis nivicola, which is endemic to the mountain ranges of northeastern Siberia, are well adapted to the harsh cold climatic conditions of their habitat. In this study, using long reads of Nanopore sequencing technology, whole-genome sequencing, assembly, and gene annotation of a snow sheep were carried out. Additionally, RNA-seq reads from several tissues were also generated to supplement the gene prediction in snow sheep genome. The assembled genome was ∼2.62 Gb in length and was represented by 7,157 scaffolds with N50 of about 2 Mb. The repetitive sequences comprised of 41% of the total genome. BUSCO analysis revealed that the snow sheep assembly contained full-length or partial fragments of 97% of mammalian universal single-copy orthologs (n = 4,104), illustrating the completeness of the assembly. In addition, a total of 20,045 protein-coding sequences were identified using comprehensive gene prediction pipeline. Of which 19,240 (∼96%) sequences were annotated using protein databases. Moreover, homology-based searches and de novo identification detected 1,484 tRNAs; 243 rRNAs; 1,931 snRNAs; and 782 miRNAs in the snow sheep genome. To conclude, we generated the first de novo genome of the snow sheep using long reads; these data are expected to contribute significantly to our understanding related to evolution and adaptation within the Ovis genus.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Assembly of the Poultry Red Mite, Dermanyssus gallinae

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart T. G. Burgess ◽  
Kathryn Bartley ◽  
Francesca Nunn ◽  
Harry W. Wright ◽  
Margaret Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Long Read

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is a major worldwide concern in the egg-laying industry. Here, we report the first draft genome assembly and gene prediction of Dermanyssus gallinae, based on combined PacBio and MinION long-read de novo sequencing.

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