scholarly journals One-Locus Two-Allele Models With Maternal (Parental) Selection

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Gavrilets
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Parental Selection ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Stability Of Equilibria ◽  
Population Evolution ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simultaneous Stability

Abstract I formulate and study a series of simple one-locus two-allele models for maternal (parental) selection. I show that maternal (parental) selection can result in simultaneous stability of equilibria of different types. Thus, in the presence of maternal (parental) selection the outcome of population evolution can significantly depend on initial conditions. With maternal selection, genetic variability can be maintained in the population even if none of the offspring of heterozygous mothers survive. I demonstrate that interactions of maternal and paternal selection can result in stable oscillations of genotype frequencies. A necessary condition for cycling is strong selection.

scholarly journals SATO–CRUTCHFIELD FORMULATION FOR SOME EVOLUTIONARY GAMES

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (07) ◽  
pp. 963-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. AHMED ◽  
A. S. HEGAZI ◽  
A. S. ELGAZZAR
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Battle Of The Sexes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The Sato–Crutchfield equations are analytically and numerically studied. The Sato–Crutchfield formulation corresponds to losing memory. Then the Sato–Crutchfield formulation is applied for some different types of games including hawk–dove, prisoner's dilemma and the battle of the sexes games. The Sato–Crutchfield formulation is found not to affect the evolutionarily stable strategy of the ordinary games. But choosing a strategy becomes purely random, independent of the previous experiences, initial conditions, and the rules of the game itself. The Sato–Crutchfield formulation for the prisoner's dilemma game can be considered as a theoretical explanation for the existence of cooperation in a population of defectors.

scholarly journals Analysis of the self-similar solutions of a generalized Burger's equation with nonlinear damping

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
P. L. Sachdev ◽  
Mythily Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Damping ◽  
Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Generalized Burgers Equation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Parameter Ranges ◽  
Similar Solutions

The nonlinear ordinary differential equation resulting from the self-similar reduction of a generalized Burgers equation with nonlinear damping is studied in some detail. Assuming initial conditions at the origin we observe a wide variety of solutions – (positive) single hump, unbounded or those with a finite zero. The existence and nonexistence of positive bounded solutions with different types of decay (exponential or algebraic) to zero at infinity for specific parameter ranges are proved.

Dynamics of Dual-Cell Series Miura-Ori Structures With Different Types of Inter-Cell Connections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Zhou ◽  
Haiping Wu ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Hongbin Fang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cell Series

Abstract Origami-inspired structures and materials have shown remarkable properties and performances originating from the intricate geometries of folding. Origami folding could be a dynamic process and origami structures could possess rich dynamic characteristics under external excitations. However, the current state of dynamics of origami has mostly focused on the dynamics of a single cell. This research has performed numerical simulations on multi-stable dual-cell series Miura-Ori structures with different types of inter-cell connections based on a dynamic model that does not neglect in-plane mass. We introduce a concept of equivalent constraint stiffness k* to distinguish different types of inter-cell connections. Results of numerical simulations reveal the multi-stable dual-cell structure will exhibit a variety of complex nonlinear dynamic responses with the increasing of connection stiffness because of the deeper energy well it has. The connection stiffness has a strong effect on the steady-state dynamic responses under different excitation amplitudes and a variety of initial conditions. This effect makes us able to adjust the dynamic behaviors of dual-cell series Miura-Ori structure to our needs in a complex environment. Furthermore, the results of this research could provide us a theoretical basis for the dynamics of origami folding and serve as guidelines for designing dynamic applications of origami metastructures and metamaterials.

Risk in Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Louise K. Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Response Systems

This chapter examines the four different types of response systems that were identified by degree of adaptation to the problem of seismic risk. Auto-adaptive systems are those that are high on technical infrastructure, high on organizational flexibility, and high on cultural openness to new ideas and strategies of action. Operative adaptive systems are those systems that demonstrate awareness of seismic risk and a moderate degree of professional planning and preparedness to reduce risk of losses. Emergent adaptive systems are those systems that are low on technical structure but show some degree of flexibility in organizational processes and beginning openness to new information and new strategies of action in the cultural dimension. Meanwhile, nonadaptive systems are those systems unable to mobilize effective response operations independently after an extreme event, and virtually all assistance comes from external sources. In practice, initial conditions influenced the formation of response systems following earthquakes in all 12 cases, leading to different types of adaptation. The path dependence that follows from each distinctive set of initial conditions illustrates both the promise and the challenge of shaping communities that are resilient to seismic risk.

A Modified Multistable Chaotic Oscillator

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 1850085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouchao Wei ◽  
Viet-Thanh Pham ◽  
Abdul Jalil M. Khalaf ◽  
Jacques Kengne ◽  
Sajad Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic System ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Chaotic Oscillator ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New System

In this paper, by modifying a known two-dimensional oscillator, we obtain an interesting new oscillator with coexisting limit cycles and point attractors. Then by changing this new system to its forced version and choosing a proper set of parameters, we introduce a chaotic system with some very interesting features. In this system, not only can we see the coexistence of different types of attractors, but also a fascinating phenomenon: some initial conditions can escape from the gravity of nearby attractors and travel far away before being trapped in an attractor beyond the usual access.

Flavonoid components of Dicentra canadensis (Fumariaceae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1559-1563
Author(s):  
Dianne Fahselt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Biochemical Evidence ◽  
Different Types

A survey was made of the flavonoid components in Dicentra canadensis to investigate its relationship with other species in the genus. This study supports the view that D. canadensis is most closely allied to D. cucullaria. Flavonoids suggest an even closer alliance between the two than does morphology, while alkaloid data reported in the literature would suggest a more distant one. Thus, the degree of relationship supported by morphological evidence is intermediate to what is supported by two different types of biochemical evidence. A large proportion of the total flavonoids in D. canadensis is detected with considerably less than 100% frequency within the species. This variability may reflect some genetic variability between populations, and is almost certainly due in part to the difficulty in detection of weaker spots.

CHAOTIC ATTITUDE MOTION OF GYROSTAT SATELLITE VIA MELNIKOV METHOD

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 1233-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINLU KUANG ◽  
SOONHIE TAN ◽  
KANDIAN ARICHANDRAN ◽  
A. Y. T. LEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Homoclinic Orbits ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Attitude Motion ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chaotic Oscillations ◽  
External Excitation ◽  
Integration Algorithm ◽  
Hamiltonian Equations

In this paper Deprit's variables are used to describe the Hamiltonian equations for attitude motions of a gyrostat satellite spinning about arbitrarily body-fixed axes. The Hamiltonian equations for the attitude motions of the gyrostat satellite in terms of the Deprit's variables and under small viscous damping and nonautonomous perturbations are suitable for the employment of the Melnikov's integral. The torque-free homoclinic orbits to the symmetric Kelvin gyrostat are derived by means of the elliptic function integral theory. With the help of residue theory of complex functions, the Melnikov's integral is utilized to analytically study the criterion for chaotic oscillations of the attitude motions of the symmetric Kelvin gyrostat under small, damping and periodic external disturbing torques. The Melnikov's integral yields an analytical criterion for the chaotic oscillations of the attitude motions in the form of an inequality that gives a necessary condition for chaotic dynamics in terms of the physical parameters. The dependence of the onset of homoclinic orbits on quantities such as body shapes, the initial conditions of the angular velocities or the two constants of motions of the torque-free gyrostat satellite is investigated in details. The dependence of the onset of chaos on quantities such as the amplitudes of the external excitation and the damping coefficients' matrix is discussed. The bifurcation curves based upon the Melnikov's integral are computed by using the combined parameters versus the frequency of the external excitation. The theoretical criterion agrees with the result of the numerical simulation of the gyrostat satellite by using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration algorithm. The numerical solutions show that the motions of the perturbed symmetric gyrostat satellite possess a lot of "random" characteristic associated with a nonperiodic solution.

scholarly journals Impact of strong selection for the PrP major gene on genetic variability of four French sheep breeds (Open Access publication)

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Isabelle Palhiere ◽  
Mickaël Brochard ◽  
Katayoun Moazami-Goudarzi ◽  
Denis Laloë ◽  
Yves Amigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Open Access Publication ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals A SURVEY OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF VECTOR SPACE PARTITIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250001 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLOF HEDEN
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Projective Planes ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Space Partition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vector Space Partitions ◽  
Historical Remarks ◽  
Zero Vector

A vector space partition is here a collection [Formula: see text] of subspaces of a finite vector space V(n, q), of dimension n over a finite field with q elements, with the property that every non-zero vector is contained in a unique member of [Formula: see text]. Vector space partitions relate to finite projective planes, design theory and error correcting codes. In the first part of the paper I will discuss some relations between vector space partitions and other branches of mathematics. The other part of the paper contains a survey of known results on the type of a vector space partition, more precisely: the theorem of Beutelspacher and Heden on T-partitions, rather recent results of El-Zanati et al. on the different types that appear in the spaces V(n, 2), for n ≤ 8, a result of Heden and Lehmann on vector space partitions and maximal partial spreads including their new necessary condition for the existence of a vector space partition, and furthermore, I will give a theorem of Heden on the length of the tail of a vector space partition. Finally, I will also give a few historical remarks.

scholarly journals Updated Sequence Information and Proposed Nomenclature for blaTEM Genes and Their Promoters

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 3232-3234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Leflon-Guibout ◽  
B. Heym ◽  
M.-H. Nicolas-Chanoine
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Gene Nomenclature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT The nucleotide sequences of 59 bla TEM genes encoding inhibitor-resistant TEM enzymes showed great genetic variability and were associated with different types of promoters. These findings led us to suggest an updatedbla TEM gene nomenclature based on the origin of the bla TEM gene (bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B,bla TEM-1C, bla TEM-1D,bla TEM-1E, andbla TEM-1F) and the promoter type.

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