scholarly journals The Role of Psychological and Social Well-being on Physical Function Trajectories in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579-1585
Author(s):  
Marguerita Saadeh ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
Serhiy Dekhtyar ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
National Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Rate Of Decline

Abstract Background Psychological and social well-being are emerging as major determinants in preserving health in old age. We aimed to explore the association between these factors and the rate of decline in physical function over time in older adults. Methods Data were gathered from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). The study population consisted of 1,153 non-demented, community-dwelling men and women free from multimorbidity or impairments in basic or instrumental activities of daily living at baseline. They were followed over 12 years to capture the rate of decline in physical function, which was measured by combining data on walking speed, balance, and chair stands. The association between baseline psychological and social well-being and decline in physical function was estimated through linear mixed models, after multiple adjustments including personality and depressive symptoms. Results Higher levels of psychological (β = .007; p = .037) and social (β = .008; p = .043) well-being were significantly associated with a decreased rate of decline in physical function over the follow-up. There was a significant three-way interaction between psychological well-being*time*sex (female vs male) (β = .015; p = .047), showing that a slower decline in physical function was observed only among women and not in men. The association was strongest for individuals with high levels of both psychological and social well-being (β = .012; p = .019). Conclusion High levels of psychological and social well-being may slow down the age-related decline in physical function, which confirms the complexity of older adults’ health, but also points towards new preventative strategies.

scholarly journals Age Moderates Perceived COVID-19 Disruption on Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Knepple Carney ◽  
Allyson S Graf ◽  
Grace Hudson ◽  
Ellen Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives It is not fully understood how large-scale events affect well-being. Older adults showed the highest levels of resilience following the September 11th (9/11) terrorist attacks, but during the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, there were no age-related differences in well-being. The current study examined the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disruption on well-being throughout adulthood. Research Design and Methods Perceived stress and affect were examined in 166 community-dwelling adults (Mage = 35.65; SD = 15.53; range = 18–79) in relation to the perceived disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic to their lives. Results A significant moderation was found for age and COVID-19 disruption on perceived stress [F(5, 153) = 8.88, p < .05, R2 = .22] and negative affect [F(5, 154) = 4.91, p < .05, R2 = .14], but not for positive affect. For participants over 50, those who rated COVID-19 as a low or high disruption had similar scores on stress and negative affect, but with younger aged participants, perceiving high disruption corresponded with higher levels of stress and negative affect. Discussion and Implications Findings are consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, wherein older adults try to maintain positive emotional well-being, with middle-aged and older adults in the current study having experienced less negative impact on well-being. Middle-aged and older adults may be better able to regulate negative emotions from COVID-19 than younger adults. SAVI proposes a greater negative impact on older adults when they experience sustained stressors; as the challenges with COVID-19 continue, further data will need to be examined.

Pain and symptoms of depression in older adults living in community and in nursing homes: the role of activity restriction as a potential mediator and moderator

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1679-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena López-Lopez ◽  
José L. González ◽  
Miriam Alonso-Fernández ◽  
Noelia Cuidad ◽  
Borja Matías
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Older People ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Restriction

ABSTRACTBackground:Chronic pain is likely to lead to depressive symptoms, but the nature of this relationship is not completely clear. The aim of the present study is to analyze the role of activity restriction in the pain-depression relationship in older people, and to test the hypothesis that this role is more relevant in community-dwelling older people than in nursing home residents.Method:Depressive symptoms, pain intensity, and activity restriction were measured in a sample of 208 older adults with osteoarthritis, 102 living in nursing homes (NH), and 106 in the community. Analyses were carried out using moderation and moderated mediation analyses approach, treating activity restriction as a confounder.Results:Results showed a significant confounding effect of activity restriction, interaction effect between pain intensity and activity restriction on depression, and modifying effect of pain intensity on depression by adding activity restriction into the model. These results suggest a potential mediating and moderating effects of activity restriction. Moreover, analyses suggest that, surprisingly, the strength of the mediation could be higher in nursing homes.Conclusions:Overall, it may be that what is really important to emotional well-being is not so much pain itself, but rather the way in which the pain alters older people's lives. The greater strength of the mediation in NH might be understood within the scope of self-determination theory. Generally speaking, the NH context has been considered as a coercive setting, promoting non-autonomous orientation. In this context, when events are objectively coercive, people may lack perceived autonomy and hence be at greater risk of depression.

scholarly journals Aging With HIV: Inflammation Is Associated With Pain, Poorer Physical Function, and Frailty

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 334-334
Author(s):  
Heather Derry ◽  
Carrie Johnston ◽  
Chelsie Burchett ◽  
Eugenia Siegler ◽  
Marshall Glesby
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract With advances in antiretroviral therapies, people living with HIV have life expectancies similar to their HIV-negative peers. Yet, they experience elevated multi-morbidity that can compromise quality of life as they age. Links between inflammation and accelerated aging may inform interventions, but these links are understudied in older adults with HIV. We investigated cross-sectional relationships between inflammation, well-being, and geriatric syndromes among 161 HIV-positive older adults. Participants provided fasting blood samples (for serum cytokines and CRP) and completed surveys (MOS-HIV; falls) and cognitive (MoCA) and frailty assessments (using Fried criteria). Adjusted linear and logistic regression models tested relationships between inflammatory markers and age-related health outcomes, controlling for age, gender, BMI, race, comorbidity burden, statin use, and smoking status. 93% had suppressed viral load. 11% had CRP levels suggesting possible acute illness (>10 mg/L) and were excluded from analyses. Participants with higher IFN-γ reported greater pain (p=0.003), greater cognitive complaints (p=.02), and worse physical function (p=0.04), than those with lower IFN-γ. Similarly, higher IL-6 levels were related to worse physical function (p=0.01) and slightly greater cognitive complaints (p=0.06), but were not significantly related to pain in adjusted models. Compared to those with lower IL-6, those with higher IL-6 levels were more likely to be frail (p=0.04). CRP was not significantly related to these outcomes. Six-month fall history and objective cognitive scores were not significantly related to the assessed inflammatory markers. Our results illustrate key, expected links between inflammatory processes, frailty, physical function, and pain among older adults with HIV.

scholarly journals Development of a Comprehensive Chinese Successful Aging Scale: Incorporating the Viewpoints of Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
Edwin K H Chung ◽  
Dannii Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Civic Awareness ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Inspiring by Martinson and Berridge’s (2015) systematic review, the current definition of successful aging (SA) fails to acknowledge the laypeople’s conceptualization of SA. Adopting a mixed-method approach, two studies were conducted with the aim of soliciting older adults’ perceptions of SA and to develop a multidimensional instrument for assessing SA. Study 1 was a qualitative study and 27 community-dwelling older adults (Mage=68.07 years, SD=7.10, range=60–83; 56.3% females) were interviewed. Interview transcripts were analyzed, and seven themes were emerged. An initial item pool for the Successful Aging Scale (SAS) was then established based on these themes as well as those in the SA literature, such as acceptance and independence. Study 2 was a survey study which was conducted among 414 community-dwelling older adults (Mage=64.50 years, SD=4.01, range=60–82; 55.3% females) to identify optimal items for constitution of the SAS. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 12-factor solution, accounting for 62% of the variance. The 12 factors are adequate health, perceived constraints, flexible attitudes toward life, acceptance of age-related change, life embracement, active engagement, harmonious family, supportive friendship, civic awareness, social contribution, living independently, and adaptive coping strategies. The 12 factors exhibit similar strength of associations with most of the well-being measures, but certain factors show stronger correlation with depressive symptoms and social relationship, suggesting the uniqueness of each factor. Overall, the SAS demonstrates promising psychometric properties. These findings disclose that the older adults’ perceptions of SA could cover broader dimensions than those in Rowe and Kahn’s model (1997).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Nutritional Advice for Community-Dwelling Obese Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Heng Yin ◽  
Justina Yat Wa Liu ◽  
Tsz Man Fan ◽  
Kit Man Leung ◽  
Man Wai Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Nutritional Advice

Objectives: This systematic review was aimed to examine the effectiveness of nutritional advise interventions compared with usual care, or exercise, or exercise combined with nutritional advice as a means of improving the body weight, body composition, physical function, and psychosocial well-being of frail, obese older adults.Methods: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched to identify relevant studies. The quality of the included studies was assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2. Meta-analysis was performed with respect to body weight and fat mass. Other outcomes were synthesized narratively.Results: Eight articles (from two studies) with a total of 137 participants were included in the review. The results revealed that nutritional advice was more effective than exercise in reducing body weight and fat mass. The nutritional advice was also beneficial in enhancing physical function and psychosocial well-being. However, it was less effective than exercise or combined interventions in increasing muscle strength and preventing lean mass loss.Conclusions: Nutritional advice is an essential intervention for reducing body weight and fat mass, for enhancing physical function, and for improving the psychosocial well-being of obese older adults experiencing frailty. The limited number of studies included in this review suggests that there is a need for more well-designed interventional studies in order to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Technological Interventions and Social Participation in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With or Without Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 590-590
Author(s):  
Lizzy Boots ◽  
Wei Qi Koh ◽  
An Neven ◽  
Frans Verhey ◽  
Marjolein de Vugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
Design Type ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Social isolation is a growing health issue in community-dwelling older adults with and without dementia as it can negatively affect their health and well-being. Consequently, psychosocial interventions targeting their social participation are increasingly gaining importance. So far, however, little is known about the potential of technological interventions in this population. Therefore, this systematic review explored the effectiveness of technological interventions in improving social participation of community-dwelling older adults with and without dementia. Records identified through five scientific databases were independently screened by two reviewers. A total of 36 studies published between 2005 and 2020 were included in a narrative synthesis. Studies differed widely in study design, type of technology, used outcome measures, and methodological quality. However, the findings highlight the potential role of technological interventions in improving different dimensions of social participation. At the same time, barriers and facilitators of these interventions to social participation were identified.

scholarly journals Going outdoors and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults: Moderating role of physical function

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Harada ◽  
Sangyoon Lee ◽  
Hyuntae Park ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimada ◽  
Hyuma Makizako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Moderating Role

Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the PANAS in Spanish Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Buz ◽  
Diana Pérez-Arechaederra ◽  
Ramón Fernández-Pulido ◽  
David Urchaga
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Correlated Errors ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Age Related

AbstractDevelopmental theories suggest age-related changes in the structure of affect. Paradoxically, the internal structure of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) has not been tested in Spanish older adults by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) despite it is the most widely used measure of emotional well-being in later life. The aim of this study was to examine competing models of the internal structure of the Spanish version of the PANAS, its measurement invariance, reliability, and external validity. Participants were a representative sample of 585 community-dwelling people aged 60 and over, who also completed depression, loneliness and life satisfaction measures. Results showed that the orthogonal two-factor model with correlated errors (RMSEA = .057, 90% CI [.051, .063], SRMR = .084, CFI = .97, NNFI = .97) was the best fitting solution. Measurement invariance analyses confirmed that the two-independent factor structure can be used across young-old and very old people, as well as in both males and females. It showed good reliability (PA: α = .93, NA: α = .83), criterion, convergent and discriminant validity (p < .01). Our discussion highlights the role of age and culture in the experience and expression of emotions.

scholarly journals Understanding the Benefits, Challenges, and the Role of Pet Ownership in the Daily Lives of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2628
Author(s):  
Nataša Obradović ◽  
Émilie Lagueux ◽  
Karine Latulippe ◽  
Véronique Provencher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Meaningful Role ◽  
Health And Well Being

Human–animal interactions may positively impact the health and well-being of older adults. Considering about one third of community-dwelling older adults report owning a pet, better understanding the benefits, challenges, and the role of pet ownership may help support the relationships between older adults and their pets. This case study aims to better understand the role of pet ownership in the daily lives of older adults and explore the benefits and the challenges of owning a pet for this population. Interviews were conducted with Violet, a 77-year-old dog owner and her healthcare provider. Qualitative data were analyzed by two evaluators and validated by the participants. Both participants agree that the benefits outweigh the challenges for both the older adult and her pet. The benefits and challenges were the following: Violet, taking care of her dog (Jack), (1) could provide Violet with a sense of safety and positively influence her mood; (2) may introduce a slight fall risk; (3) includes financial costs to consider. Ensuring Jack’s well-being is important for Violet and her dog benefits from Violet’s continual presence and care. The findings suggest that improving the fit between characteristics of the owner and their pet may support the meaningful role of pet ownership within the context of aging-in-place.

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