scholarly journals The Patterns of Caregiving Activities for Family Caregivers of Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 355-355
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Pui Hing Chau ◽  
Edmond Pui Hang Choi ◽  
Bei Wu ◽  
Vivian Lou
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class I ◽  
Care Recipients

Abstract The purposes of this study were to identify the patterns of caregiving activities among family caregivers in Hong Kong and to examine their associations with characteristic factors and caregiver burden. The data was from the cross-sectional survey on the profiles of family caregivers of older adults in Hong Kong. 932 family caregivers were classified into different classes by using the Latent class analysis (LCA) according to their engagements in the 17 daily caregiving activities: 6 activities of daily living (ADLs), 8 instrumental activities of daily living activities (IADLs), emotional support, decision-making, and financial support. Five classes were revealed and labeled “Total All-round Caregiving” (Class I: 19.5%), “Partial All-round Caregiving” (Class II: 8.2%), “ADLs Free Caregiving” (Class III: 23.8%), “ADLs & Partial IADLs Free Caregiving” (Class IV: 32.5%), “Financial Caregiving” (Class V: 16.0%), respectively. Results from multinomial logistic regression found that the following factors were associated with the class membership: care recipients’ age, medical diagnoses, and caregivers’ gender, job status, marital status, self-rated economic status, living with care recipients, and caring for ≥40 hours per week. Findings from multiple linear regression showed caregivers with different patterns of caregiving activities reported different levels of caregiver burden. Caregivers in Class I have been found with the highest caregiver burden. This is the first study that has applied LCA to capture the patterns of caregiving activities among family caregivers. Identification of caregiving activity patterns and examination of their characteristics and caregiver burden can help healthcare providers to shift to prioritized and targeted caregiver support.

The Patterns of Caregiving Activities for Family Caregivers of Older Adults in Hong Kong: An Exploratory Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Pui Hing Chau ◽  
Edmond Pui Hang Choi ◽  
Bei Wu ◽  
Vivian W Q Lou
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
High Demand

Abstract Objectives This study identified the classes (i.e., patterns) of caregivers’ activities, based on their engagements in caregiving activities, and explored the characteristics and the caregiver burden of these classes. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey on the profiles of family caregivers of older adults in Hong Kong. A latent class analysis approach was adopted to classify family caregivers (N = 932) according to their routine involvements in 17 daily caregiving activities: 6 activities of daily living (ADLs) and 8 instrumental activities of daily living activities (IADLs) in addition to emotional support, decision making, and financial support. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression illuminated the characteristics of the classes and compared their levels of caregiver burden. Results The family caregivers fell into 5 classes: All-Round Care (High Demand, 19.5%), All-Round Care (Moderate Demand, 8.2%), Predominant IADLs Care (High Demand, 23.8%), Predominant IADLs Care (Moderate Demand, 32.5%), and Minimal ADLs and IADLs Care (Low Demand, 16.0%). These classes exhibited different characteristics in terms of care recipients’ cognitive statuses and caregiver backgrounds. The levels of caregiver burden differed across classes; the All-Round Care (High Demand) class experienced the highest levels of caregiver burden. Discussion This study contributes to existing scholarship by turning away from a predefined category of care tasks to explore the patterns of caregiving activities. By identifying caregiving activity patterns and understanding their associated characteristics and caregiver burden, prioritizing and targeting caregiver support interventions better is possible.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY OF ONLINE SYNCHRONOUS CAREGIVER DEMENTIA COACHING FOR REJECTION-OF-CARE BEHAVIORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S924-S925
Author(s):  
Rita A Jablonski ◽  
Winstead Vicki ◽  
Giovanna Pilonieta ◽  
David Geldmacher
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Final Session ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Behavior Design ◽  
College Educated

Abstract Problem: Two-thirds of family caregivers of persons living with dementia have encountered rejection-of-care behavior, usually during assistance with activities of daily living. Purpose: To describe the feasibility of an online videoconferencing platform to help caregivers prevent and reduce ROC behavior. Design: Quasi-experimental. Sample: Twenty-six family caregivers: 54% female, 77% white, 62% spouses (31% wives, 31% husbands), mean age 65 years, and college-educated (92%). Their care recipients were 61% female, 77% white, mean age of 76 years, and college-educated (88%). Procedure: Family caregivers who endorsed problematic ROC behaviors in their care recipients participated in six online, individual, synchronous, sequential, and weekly 1-hour coaching sessions. We measured general burden (Zarit Burden Inventory) and the frequency, severity, and associated distress of responsive behaviors (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire). Data collection intervals were before coaching (baseline), immediately after the final session (Time 1), and six weeks (Time 2) and 12 weeks (Time 3) after the final session, respectively. Results: Caregivers reported less overall distress scores at Time 2 compared to baseline: 13.58 (SD 6.44) versus 17.42 (SD 6.90), t=2.56, p=0.017). Distress scores returned to baseline by Time 3. Caregivers reported less severe ROC behavior at Time 2 which was not statistically significant. Burden remained unchanged throughout the 24 weeks. Conclusion: Online caregiver coaching that targets ROC behavior is feasible. Qualitative review of the encounters suggests that a longer period of intervention and an outcome measure more sensitive to ROC effects on activities of daily living may be needed in future studies.

Age Differences and Similarities in Associated Stressors and Outcomes Among Young, Midlife, and Older Adult Family Caregivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502090526
Author(s):  
Athena Koumoutzis ◽  
Kelly E. Cichy ◽  
Mary Dellmann-Jenkins ◽  
Maureen Blankemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Emotional Strain

Background and Objectives Few studies have simultaneously compared caregivers in all stages of the adult life course. This study examined age differences in associations among primary stressors (caregiver burden which includes hours of provided care and number of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living performed), secondary stressors (financial and employment strains), and caregiver outcomes (emotional strain and physical strain). Research Design Using Pearlin’s Stress Process Model (1990) and the Caregiving in the United States 2015 dataset, 1,156 caregivers were identified (including 278 young adults aged 18–39 years, 464 midlife adults aged 40–59 years, and 414 older adults aged 60–80 years). Results Post hoc analyses revealed that compared to older adults, young adults reported less caregiver burden, less physical strain, and greater financial strain. Linear regression analyses revealed associations between caregiver burden and financial strain with emotional and physical strain for all respondents. Discussion and Implications Findings emphasize the need for age-specific interventions.

Older Adult Factors Associated With Identified Need for Family Caregiver Assistance During Home Health Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Burgdorf ◽  
Alicia Arbaje ◽  
Jennifer L. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Home Health Care ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Clinical Severity

Family caregivers make important contributions to home health care for older adults, but knowledge of the specific roles they assume is lacking. We analyzed data from 1,758 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+ receiving Medicare-funded home health care between 2011 and 2016, using linked National Health and Aging Trends Study and Outcomes and Assessment Information Set data. Most (86.7%) beneficiaries receiving home health care had an identified need for family caregiver assistance, and nearly 6 in 10 (57.9%) had identified need for caregiver assistance with five or more tasks. After examining significant associations between older adult characteristics and identified needs for caregiver assistance with specific tasks, we identified three profiles of older adults who demonstrate similar patterns of identified need for family caregiver assistance during home health. These profiles include: (1) older adults with greater functional impairment who more often had identified need for assistance with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, advocacy, or Activities of Daily Living; (2) older adults with cognitive impairment who more often had identified need for assistance with medication administration or supervision; and (3) older adults with greater clinical severity who more often had identified need for assistance with medical procedures and equipment. Findings support calls to develop training interventions and strengthen the partnership between home health providers and family caregivers. These three profiles present a potential framework for the development of family caregiver training programs.

scholarly journals Relationship between activities of daily living and depression among older adults and the quality of life of family caregivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xie ◽  
Pei-Wen Chen ◽  
Long Zhao ◽  
Xuan Sun ◽  
Xian-Jie Jia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Sf 36

Abstract Objective The purposes of this study were to explore the associations of activities of daily living (ADL) and depression among older adults with family caregivers’ quality of life and provide evidence for improving family caregivers’ quality of life. Methods Older adults (n=395) and their family caregivers (n=395) were selected as participants. The ADL scale and Geriatric Depression Scale were used to assess ADL and depression among older adults, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Questionnaire (SF-36) was used to assess family caregivers’ quality of life. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results The older adults’ ADL and depression scores were 21±7 and 11±6, respectively. Approximately 69.9% of older adults had declining or severely impaired ADL, and 47.1% had mild or moderate-to-severe depression. Family caregivers’ mean quality of life score was 529±100. There was a negative correlation of older adults’ ADL and depression with caregivers’ quality of life. The correlation coefficient between ADL and the SF-36 mental component summary score was stronger than it was with the SF-36 physical component summary score. Conclusions The ADL and depression of older adults influenced family caregivers’ quality of life. Psychological health deserves closer attention, especially that of caregivers of disabled older adults.

Caregivers’ practices according to ADLs: Evidence from Facebook support groups for Alzheimer and dementia care (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Bachmann ◽  
Jan Hruška
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND As the social media (SM) support groups provide a communication platform for caregivers to share experiences, examples of effective and ineffective care, asking questions, recommending new approaches, or venting their needs, there is still little documented on how SM can help to obtain a true picture of the caregiver burden according to activities of daily living (ADLs). OBJECTIVE The study aims to identify the real-life practice of family caregivers looking after people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The image of caregivers’ actual practice is determined on the basis of their experience, needs, emotions, or examples of the behavior of people with AD found on social networks. METHODS We collected a sample of 1603 posts relevant to basic activities of daily living (ADLs) which were published in two Facebook support groups related to AD. In the next step, conversation topics were identified separately for each of the six basic categories of ADLs. This was done using the topic extractor based on the simple parallel threaded implementation of Latent Dirichlet allocation with sparse LDA sampling scheme and data structure. RESULTS From the quantitative point, the study provides knowledge about the proportions of members’ interest in the individual areas of ADLs. From the qualitative point, machine learning automatically detected five discussion topics for each activity. At the same time, for each of the topics, real-life examples from the day-to-day experience of family caregivers are given. In terms of the members’ interests, statistically significant differences were found between the drinking and feeding activity and three other daily activities. Moreover, a qualitative analysis showed several causal links between the individual topics discussed within the areas of ADLs. CONCLUSIONS The acquired knowledge can help further research focus on the most problematic areas relevant for people with AD in order to increase their quality of life and at the same time reduce the caregiver burden. The study expands the knowledge of the demands posed by the individual caregiver activities, specifically in the context of activity-based costing or time-based activity costing. At the same time, it can serve as a basis for identifying the needs of caregivers in the field of innovative development or the implementation of online counseling on social networks. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable.

scholarly journals Tasks performed by primary caregivers and migrant live-in homecare workers in Israel

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Iecovich
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Gender

The issue of migrant live-in homecare workers has been barely addressed in the gerontological literature, in spite of the increase of older persons being cared for by such persons in many Western countries. The purposes of the study are to examine the extent to which migrant live-in homecare workers substitute family caregivers or complement the care that is provided by primary caregivers, and to examine if there are differences in primary caregivers’ involvement in providing help with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) before and after hiring a migrant live-in homecare worker, by caregivers’ employment status and gender. The data were drawn from a study that included 335 triads (care recipients, their primary caregivers, and their Filipina live-in homecare workers). The findings show that for the most part primary caregivers continue to play a significant role in providing care, in particular with regard to IADL tasks, even when there is a migrant live-in homecare worker. Several patterns of division of labor between the formal and informal caregivers were identified; that is, in some cases they complement each other while in other cases the migrant live-in homecare workers substitute for the care previously provided by the primary caregivers. Significant differences between male and female caregivers and between working and nonworking caregivers were found with regard to involvement in providing care before and after employment of a migrant homecare worker.

scholarly journals Associations Between Latent Classes of Perceived Neighborhood Destination Accessibility and Walking Behaviors in Older Adults of a Low-Density and a High-Density City

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Boakye-Dankwa ◽  
Anthony Barnett ◽  
Nancy A. Pachana ◽  
Gavin Turrell ◽  
Ester Cerin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Density ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Two Cities

To examine associations between perceived destination accessibility within different distances from home and self-reported overall amounts of walking for different purposes among older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) in Brisbane, Australia (N = 793) and Hong Kong, China (N = 484). Perceived neighborhood destination accessibility types were derived from latent class analysis using comparable measures of perceived distance to 12 destinations from epidemiological studies in the two cities. Associations of perceived destination accessibility with measures of within-neighborhood walking were also estimated in Hong Kong participants. Better perceived destination accessibility was positively associated with the likelihood of walking in Brisbane participants only. Perceived destination accessibility within a short distance from home (5-min walk) was negatively related to the amount of within-neighborhood walking for transport in Hong Kong residents who walked. Our findings suggest that providing moderate-to-high, but not extreme, levels of destination accessibility may be optimal for the promotion of walking in older community dwellers.

scholarly journals The Burden and Benefits of Caregiving: A Latent Class Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1078-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teja Pristavec
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
National Study ◽  
Subjective Burden ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background and Objectives Informal caregiving to older adults is a key part of the U.S. long-term care system. Caregivers’ experiences consist of burden and benefits, but traditional analytic approaches typically consider dimensions independently, or cannot account for burden and benefit levels and combinations that co-occur. This study explores how benefits and burden simultaneously shape experiences of caregiving to older adults, and factors associated with experience types. Research Design and Methods 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) data were linked to obtain reports from caregivers and recipients. Latent class and regression analysis were conducted on a nationally representative sample of U.S. informal caregivers to older persons. Results Five distinguishable caregiving experiences types and their population prevalence were identified. Subjective burden and benefits level and combination uniquely characterize each group. Primary stressors (recipient depression, medical diagnoses), primary appraisal (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, medical task assistance, hours caregiving), and background/contextual factors (caregiver age, race, relationship to recipient, mental health, coresidence, long-term caregiving) are associated with experience types. Discussion and Implications Findings highlight caregivers’ experience multiplicity and ambivalence, and identify groups that may benefit most from support services. In cases where it is not possible to reduce burden, assistance programs may focus on increasing the benefits perceptions.

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