Expanding Housing With Services in the United States: The Case of the Right Care, Right Place, Right Time Program

Abstract Older people living in congregate environments are obvious beneficiaries of supportive services. The potential for prevention is clear, particularly among low-income elders living in subsidized housing; it is this group that is at high risk for significant healthcare and other costs, and it is this group that suffers considerably from a fragmented healthcare system. Policymakers have long seen the advantages of reaching this population, but most existing housing with services programs have focused more on social than health-related supports. The Right Care, Right Place, Right Time initiative (R3) was launched in July 2017 to demonstrate the value of supportive services to seniors living independently in affordable housing in the Greater Boston area, while reducing health care costs. The R3 program consists of two on-site wellness teams, including a wellness nurse and wellness coordinator. Each team is responsible for about 200 participants across two housing sites. The R3 evaluation included both quantitative and qualitative components. The quantitative component entails pre/post comparison as well as a control group analysis, focusing on various health and health utilization outcomes. The qualitative component includes key informant interviews examining program development and implementation and focus groups capturing the resident experience. The purpose of this symposium is for evaluation team members to report on the experiences of program participants, administrators/staff, housing managers/staff, and community partners with the R3 program, and to assess program impact. Edward Miller and Pamela Nadash will serve as chair and co-chair, respectively; Alisha Sanders as the discussant.

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Policy and program implications of low-income people's perspectives on health-related services and supports

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e506842013-039 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Deanna L. Williamson ◽

Janet E. Fast ◽

Kim Raine-Travers ◽

Irving Rootman

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Related Services ◽

Health Related ◽

Services And Supports

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Getting By

10.1093/oso/9780190080860.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Helen Hershkoff ◽

Stephen Loffredo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Health Care ◽

Public Schools ◽

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Safety Net ◽

The United States ◽

Labor Rights ◽

Speaking Up ◽

The Right

Over the last generation, inequality has risen, wages have fallen, and confidence that children will have a better future is at an all-time low. To be sure, a new generation is speaking up in support of universal health care, better public schools, affordable housing, and livable wages. But until the United States adopts and adheres to policies that ensure dignity and decency for all, people need to get by. This book addresses that imperative. Getting By offers an integrated, critical account of the programs, rights, and legal protections that most directly affect poor and low-income people in the United States, whether they are unemployed, underemployed, or employed, and whether they work within the home or outside the home. Although frayed and incomplete, the American safety net nevertheless is critical to those who can access and obtain its benefits—indeed, in some cases, those benefits can make the difference between life and death. The book covers cash assistance programs, employment and labor rights, food assistance, health care, housing programs, education, consumer and banking laws, rights in public spaces, judicial access, and the right to vote. The book primarily focuses on federal laws and programs, but in some contexts invites attention to state laws and programs. The rules and requirements are complicated, often unnecessarily so, and popular know-how is essential to prevent a widening gap between rights that exist on paper and their enforcement on the ground. The central goal of this volume is to provide a resource to individuals, groups, and communities that wish to claim existing rights and mobilize for progressive change.

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Risk Assessment vs. Right to Privacy: The Access to Health Information on the Insurance Candidate through Questionnaires and the Right to Privacy

European Journal of Health Law ◽

10.1163/15718093-12341254 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 63-78

Author(s):

Maria Inês de Oliveira Martins

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Health Information ◽

Personal Information ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Right To Privacy ◽

The Right To Privacy ◽

Access To Health ◽

Health Related ◽

Principle Of Proportionality ◽

The Right

Abstract The need of private insurers for information on the candidate’s health risks is recognized by the law, which places pre-contractual duties of disclosure upon the candidates. When the risks are influenced by health factors, e.g. in the case of life- and health insurances, it implies the provision of health information by the candidates, who thus voluntarily limit their right to privacy. This consent, however, often happens in a context of factual coercion to contract. Next to this, from a legal standpoint, the collection of personal information must respond to the principle of proportionality. Against this background, this article assesses the compatibility of questionnaire techniques that rely on open-ended health related questions with the right to privacy, as protected by Portuguese and international law. It then analyses the extent of pre-contractual duties of disclosure as defined by the Portuguese Insurance Act, which requires the candidate to volunteer all the relevant information independently of being asked for it. In doing so, the article also refers to some other European countries. It concludes that the relevant Portuguese legislation is incompatible both with Portuguese constitutional law and with international law.

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Favelas, Affordable Housing, and Authoritarian Urbanism in the Era of Mass Eradication in Rio de Janeiro, 1960s–1970s

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.712 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leandro Benmergui

Keyword(s):

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Social Science Research ◽

Urban Infrastructure ◽

Science Research ◽

Military Regimes ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Right ◽

The City

As the number of favelas and poor residents of Rio de Janeiro grew quickly by the mid-20th century, they became the object of policymaking, social science research, real estate speculation, and grassroots mobilization. After a decade in which local authorities recognized the de facto presence of favelas but without legally ascertaining the right of permanence, the 1960s and early 1970s witnessed the era of mass eradication. Seemingly contradictory—but complementary—policies also included the development of massive low-income housing complexes and innovative community development and favela urbanization experiences empowered by community organizations with the assistance of experts committed to improving the lives of poor Cariocas (residents of Rio). Favelas in Rio were at the crossroads of a particular interplay of forces: the urgent need to modernize Rio’s obsolete and inadequate urban infrastructure; the new administrative status of the city after the inauguration of Brasilia; and the redefinition of the balance of power between local, municipal, and federal forces in a time of radical politics and authoritarian and technocratic military regimes, Cold War diplomacy, and the transnational flows of expertise and capital.

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The Rebuilding of the South Bronx after the Fiscal Crisis

Journal of Urban History ◽

10.1177/0096144217714764 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 932-959

Author(s):

Themis Chronopoulos

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Economic Policy ◽

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

The United States ◽

City Government ◽

The South ◽

South Bronx ◽

Public Subsidies ◽

The One

This article explores the rebuilding of the South Bronx since 1977. This rebuilding represents an important public policy accomplishment, since the South Bronx was one of the most physically devastated areas in the United States. In terms of economic policy, the rebuilding of the South Bronx defies linear narratives. One the one hand, public–private partnerships, which represent some of the most important features of urban neoliberalism, were used heavily in the revitalization of the South Bronx. Community organizations that had been rebuilding areas in the South Bronx in the 1970s and the 1980s were required to conform to the requirements of the market, if they were to continue participating in urban development. On the other hand, the building of housing for low- and moderate-income people is not exactly a neoliberal economic policy, since these housing units were built with public subsidies and regulated by government agencies. In its insistence to rebuild the South Bronx as well as other physically devastated areas, the city government of New York became involved in creative financing by incorporating nongovernment organizations that were ran by accomplished businesspeople but remained nonprofit. And whatever the original intentions of city administrations in building and preserving affordable housing in the South Bronx may have been, the accommodation of so many low-income people performing low-paying but essential jobs has contributed to the making of a more vibrant urban economy, even if these same people are not necessarily the ones benefitting from New York’s economic dynamism.

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In The Face of Financialization: Cities and the Human Right to Adequate Housing

The Italian Yearbook of International Law Online ◽

10.1163/22116133-03001007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 107-130

Author(s):

Kaara Martinez

Keyword(s):

Affordable Housing ◽

The United States ◽

Human Right ◽

Social Good ◽

Cultural Rights ◽

European Court ◽

The Social ◽

The Face ◽

Full Sense ◽

The Right

The right to housing is a human right with broad but frequently overlooked implications, particularly in the urban environment. This difficulty is heightened in the context of what is known as the “financialization of housing”. Financialization involves the interconnections between global financial markets and housing, and, at the extreme, has prompted a climate in which housing is conceived less as a social good and more as a commodity. The result of the financialization turn is cities with a severe lack of affordable housing, a reality that is now a global phenomenon. This naturally leads to economic exclusions and displacements from cities, but, on a deeper level, also entails major collective consequences for the social and cultural fabric. Financialization thus threatens the right to housing in cities, particularly when the right is examined and understood in its full sense. And yet, cities have a duty to ensure the right to housing even in the face of financialization. Drawing on the jurisprudence of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights through its individual communications procedure, the European Court of Human Rights, and domestic cases from South Africa and the United States, this paper aims to elucidate this duty of cities in the realm of housing. A substantive rather than purely procedural shape of protection for the right to housing is pushed, which deliberates the connections between housing and the wider societal context, and the implicated concerns of resources, property, and urban community. In present times, our appreciation of home as a necessary nexus of safety, comfort, and productivity has come to the fore, as have our fears around economic insecurity, forcing us to confront and closely interrogate the right to housing.

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Millennial ‘YIMBYs’ and boomer ‘NIMBYs’: Generational views on housing affordability in the United States

The Sociological Review ◽

10.1177/0038026120916121 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 003802612091612

Author(s):

Max Holleran

Keyword(s):

Baby Boomers ◽

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Rental Housing ◽

The United States ◽

Housing Affordability ◽

Single Family ◽

Market Rate ◽

Job Opportunities ◽

Housing Costs

This article examines housing activism in five American cities using interviews with millennial-age housing activists, seeking more apartment development, and baby boomers who are members of neighbourhood groups that oppose growth. Many of the groups supporting growth have banded together under the banner of the ‘Yes in My Backyard’ (YIMBY) movement which seeks fewer zoning laws and pushes for market-rate rental housing. In desirable cities with thriving job opportunities, housing costs are pricing out not only low-income renters but also the middle class. The millennial activists sampled blame baby boomers for the lack of affordable housing because of resistance to higher density construction in neighbourhoods with single-family homes (characterising these people as having a ‘Not in My Backyard’ [NIMBY] mindset). The research shows that boomers and millennials not only disagree over urban growth but also more fundamental questions of what makes a liveable city.

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Green gentrification or ‘just green enough’: Do park location, size and function affect whether a place gentrifies or not?

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/0042098019849380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 402-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Alessandro Rigolon ◽

Jeremy Németh

Keyword(s):

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Housing Price ◽

The United States ◽

Active Transportation ◽

Census Tracts ◽

Price Increases ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

And Function ◽

Park Location

Recent research shows that the establishment of new parks in historically disinvested neighbourhoods can result in housing price increases and the displacement of low-income people of colour. Some suggest that a ‘just green enough’ approach, in particular its call for the creation of small parks and nearby affordable housing, can reduce the chances of this phenomenon some call ‘green gentrification’. Yet, no study has tested these claims empirically across a sample of diverse cities. Focusing on 10 cities in the United States, we run multilevel logistic regressions to uncover whether the location (distance from downtown), size and function (active transportation) of new parks built in the 2000–2008 and 2008–2015 periods predict whether the census tracts around them gentrified. We find that park function and location are strong predictors of gentrification, whereas park size is not. In particular, new greenway parks with an active transportation component built in the 2008–2015 period triggered gentrification more than other park types, and new parks located closer to downtown tend to foster gentrification more than parks on a city’s outskirts. These findings call into question the ‘just green enough’ claim that small parks foster green gentrification less than larger parks do.

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Public Housing and Vouchers

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Alex Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Public Housing ◽

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

The United States ◽

Housing Subsidy ◽

Housing Program ◽

Design Evolution ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Privately Owned ◽

Low Income Households

Public housing and rental vouchers constitute two distinct forms of housing subsidy in the United States. Public housing, the nation’s oldest housing program for low-income renters provides affordable housing to about 1.2 million households in developments ranging in size from a single unit to multibuilding complexes with hundreds of apartments. The Housing Choice Voucher Program, founded more than 35 years after the start of public housing is now the nation’s largest rental subsidy program. It enables around 2 million low-income households to rent privately owned housing anywhere in the country. Although both programs provide low-income households with “deep” subsidies that ensure they spend no more than 30 percent of their adjusted income on rent, and both are operated by local public housing authorities, they offer distinct advantages and disadvantages. This chapter reviews and compares the two programs, examining their design, evolution, and strengths and weaknesses, including issues of racial segregation and concentrated poverty.

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