scholarly journals Heterogeneity in Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment Life Expectancies Among Older Latino Subgroups in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
Marc Garcia ◽  
Kasim Ortiz ◽  
Chi-Tsun Chui ◽  
Brian Downer ◽  
David Warner
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Puerto Rican Women ◽  
Extended Longevity ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract Research suggests the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older U.S. Latinos is increasing relative to the older U.S. population which has experienced and overall decline. This has been attributed in part to extended longevity, lower educational attainment, and a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease among older Latinos. However, less is known regarding the number of years and proportion of late life spent with self-reported cognitive impairment among this rapidly aging group and whether cognitive impairment life expectancy outcomes vary across U.S. Latino subgroups by country of origin. To fill this gap, our investigation uses data from the National Health Interview Survey (1997-2015) to estimate Sullivan-based life tables of cognitively normal and cognitively impaired life expectancies for adults 50 years and older. Results indicate significant heterogeneity among Latinos, with island-born Puerto Rican women spending the most years, and foreign-born Cuban men the fewest years lived with self-reported cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals SOCIOCULTURAL VARIABILITY IN SELF-REPORTED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG OLDER LATINOS IN THE UNITED STATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S584-S584
Author(s):  
Marc A Garcia ◽  
David F Warner ◽  
Catherine Garcia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monolithic Group

Abstract Cognitive impairment is a major public health concern in the United States. Research indicates cognitive impairment is higher for older U.S. Latinos than non-Latino whites, due in part to Latinos having longer life expectancy, lower educational attainment, and a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prior studies on cognition have largely examined “Latinos” as a monolithic group. However, Latinos are heterogeneous in composition with unique socio-cultural characteristics based on nativity and country of origin. Accordingly, we used data from the 1997-2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to document age-specific trends in in self-reported cognitive impairment among US-born Mexican, foreign-born Mexican, island-born Puerto Rican, foreign-born Cuban, and non-Latino white adults aged 60 and older. Given the repeated cross-sectional nature of these data, we estimated hierarchical age period–cohort (HAPC) cross-classified random-effects model (CCREM) to isolate age trends in self-reported cognitive impairment across Latino subgroups and non-Latino whites. Results indicate significant heterogeneity among Latino subgroups, with island-born Puerto Ricans exhibiting the highest rates of cognitive impairment and foreign-born Cubans the lowest. Conversely, US-born and foreign-born Mexicans exhibited rates in between these two. All Latino subgroups statistically differed from non-Latino whites. Socio-demographic controls account for approximately 33%-45% of the disparity, but fully account for foreign-born Cubans and non-Latino whites differences. These findings indicate the importance of considering nativity and country of origin when assessing cognitive outcomes among older Latinos. Understanding minority and immigrant differences in cognitive impairment has implications for the development and implementation of culture-appropriate programs to promote healthy brain aging.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment among Arab American Immigrants in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence J Dallo ◽  
Tiffany B Kindratt ◽  
Laura Zahodne
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab American ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background and Objectives Studies evaluating self-reported cognitive impairment among Arab American immigrants have not been conducted. Our objective was two-fold: 1) estimate and compare the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of self-reported cognitive impairment between Arab American immigrants and US- and immigrant non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics and non-Hispanic Asians and 2) examine associations between race, ethnicity and nativity status and cognitive impairment among Arab American immigrants and non-Hispanic whites (US- and foreign-born) after controlling for explanatory factors. Research Design and Methods We used 18 years (2000-2017) of National Health Interview Survey data (n=228,985; ages > 45 years). Weighted percentages, prevalence estimates, and multivariable logistic regression models were calculated. Results The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of self-reported cognitive impairment was significantly higher among Arab American immigrants (9.7%) compared to US-born and non-Hispanic white immigrants (~7.4%). Discussion and Implications This is the first study to indicate that ethnic disparities in self-reported cognitive impairment may extend to Arab American immigrants. Additional studies need to be conducted to better understand the prevalence of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals The association between cognitive impairment and breast and colorectal cancer screening utilization

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Yang ◽  
Jiang Bian ◽  
Thomas J. George ◽  
Karen Daily ◽  
Dongyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Undergoing cancer screening is a debatable topic in patients with cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to examine the utilization and predictors of breast and colorectal cancer screening among screening eligible, cognitively impaired individuals. Methods We analyzed the 2018 and 2019 National Health Interview Survey data (n = 12,965 and 24,782, respectively) on individuals eligible for breast or colorectal cancer screening. We calculated the percentage of cancer screening eligible individuals who received mammogram or colonoscopy by cognitive impairment status. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether having a recent mammogram or colonoscopy differed by cognitive impairment status, adjusting for covariates. Results We observed a significantly lower percentage of mammogram use in the screening eligible, cognitively impaired (mild or severe) versus unimpaired women. Adjusting for the covariates, the cognitively impaired women, mild (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85; p = 0.015) or severe (OR = 0.54; p <  0.001), were less likely to have had a recent mammogram compared to the cognitively unimpaired women. Although statistically non-significant, the percentage of colonoscopy use in the screening eligible, cognitively impaired individuals were slightly higher than that in the cognitively unimpaired individuals. In the regression analysis, we found the cognitively impaired men, mild (OR = 0.79; p <  0.001) or severe (OR = 0.69; p = 0.038), were less likely to have had a recent colonoscopy compared to the cognitively unimpaired men. More studies are needed to examine the multilevel factors that underpin the difference in cancer screening utilization in this vulnerable population. Conclusion Our results highlight the need for additional research to address utilization and effectiveness of cancer screening in individuals with cognitive impairment.

Abstract WP175: Stroke Prevalence Among US- and Foreign-born Adults in the United States

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Fang ◽  
Keming Yuan ◽  
Carma Ayala ◽  
Renee Gindi ◽  
Brian Ward
Keyword(s):  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Introduction: The proportion of US adults who are foreign-born has almost tripled since 1970. While foreign-born adults have lower cardiovascular disease mortality and risk factors (e.g., hypertension) than US-born adults, less is known about the morbidity of stroke in this population. Objective: To compare the prevalence of stroke among US adults by birthplace. Methods: We used data on 223,842 non-institutionalized adults from the 2006-2013 National Health Interview Survey. Birthplace was categorized as US- and foreign-born, and foreign-born was then grouped into 7 regions. Data on years of living in the US was included. Self-reported stroke was defined as ever being told by doctor or other health professional that s/he had a stroke. Select descriptive (age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, health insurance, language of interview, use of interpreter) and health characteristics (hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking status) were used in analysis. Age-standardized prevalence of stroke was compared between US- and foreign-born and then by birthplace regions among foreign-born. Adjusted odd ratios (AORs) were used to assess stroke risk between US- and foreign-born after adjusting for demographic and health characteristics. Results: Sixteen percent of US adults were classified as foreign-born. Age-standardized prevalence of stroke was higher among US- than foreign-born adults overall (2.7% vs 2.0%, p<0.0001) and by race/ethnicity: non-Hispanic blacks (4.1% (US) vs 2.2% (foreign-born), p<0.0001), Hispanics (2.8% vs 2.2%, p=0.03) and non-Hispanic whites (2.5% vs 1.7%, p<0.0001). Compared to US-born men, AORs of stroke for foreign-born men by region of birth, ranged from 0.24 (95% confidence interval 0.08-0.69) for Africa to 1.05 (0.74-1.51) for Europe. Among foreign-born women, AORs ranged from 0.07 (0.01-0.43) for the Middle East to 1.13 (0.54-2.34) for Africa, after adjustment for selected characteristics. Among foreign-born adults, there was no association between age-standardized stroke prevalence and the number of years living in the US. Conclusion: Overall, foreign-born US adults had a lower prevalence of stroke than US-born adults. However, considerable heterogeneity of stroke risk was noted by region of birth.

scholarly journals The Red and Orange Complex Subgingival Microbiome of Cognitive Impairment and Cognitively Normal Elderly with Periodontitis

Geriatrics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin ◽  
Sri Lelyati C. Masulili ◽  
Muhammad Ihsan Rizal ◽  
Lindawati S. Kusdhany ◽  
Yuda Turana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Subgingival Microbiota

Increasing evidence has shown an association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment. Subgingival microbiota play a great role in periodontitis pathogenesis. However, the correlation between the subgingival microbiome and cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the red and orange complex subgingival microbiome of cognitively impaired and cognitively normal elderly Indonesian subjects with periodontitis. Twenty-eight elderly subjects diagnosed with periodontitis underwent two cognitive examinations using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Gingival crevicular fluid taken from the periodontal pocket, at a depth between 5 and 7 mm, using a paper point was used as the subgingival samples. The subgingival microbiome in the cognitive impairment group (n = 14) and cognitively normal group (n = 14) was compared using the 16S rRNA Metagenomic iSeq™ 100 Sequencing System. There was β-diversity in the subgingival microbiota between the cognitively impaired and cognitively normal subjects. The metagenomic analysis showed a higher abundance of Porphyromonas and Treponema bacteria in the cognitive impairment group than in the normal cognitive group (p < 0.05). The abundance of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola was higher in the cognitively impaired elderly subjects. The role of P. gingivalis and T. denticola in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment needs further investigation.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR ADRD AMONG ARAB AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S543-S543
Author(s):  
Florence Dallo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Americans ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
P Values ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract In the United States (U.S.), Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) afflict over 4.7 million individuals ages 65 or older. Arab Americans are a subgroup of whites in which ADRD is not well understood. This study estimates prevalence and risk factors for ADRD among Arab Americans ages 45 or older. Data for 2000-2017 from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) using the region of birth question was used (N=222,219). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of ADRD was 10.3% for foreign-born Arab Americans compared to approximately 7.5% for US-born non-Hispanic whites (NHW), blacks and Asians. The prevalence of ADRD was 8.6% for Hispanics (all p-values &lt;.0001). When controlling for age and sex, Arab Americans were 1.4 times (OR=1.02,1.93) more likely to have ADRD compared to US-born NHW. Future studies should capture other generations of Arab Americans to better understand the trend of ADRD among this understudied, often invisible population.

scholarly journals THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND RELATED DEMENTIAS AMONG ARAB AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S463-S463
Author(s):  
Florence Dallo ◽  
Tiffany Kindratt
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Americans ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract In the United States (U.S.), Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) afflict over 4.7 million individuals ages 65 or older. Most studies compare the prevalence of ADRD between minorities and whites. Arab Americans are a subgroup of whites, and ADRD is not understood among Arab Americans. The overall goal of this study is to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for ADRD among Arab Americans ages 45 or older compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics and Asian Americans. Data for 2000-2017 from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) using the region of birth question was be used (N=222,219). Percents, chi-square and logistic regression will be estimated. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of ADRD was 10.3% for foreign-born Arab Americans compared to approximately 7.5% for US-born non-Hispanic whites (NHW), blacks and Asians. The prevalence of ADRD was 8.6% for Hispanics (all p-values &lt;.0001). When controlling for age and sex, Arab Americans were 1.4 times (OR=1.02,1.93) more likely to have ADRD compared to US-born NHW. This is the first study to focus on ADRD among Arab Americans and the findings suggest ADRD is a burden in this population. Future studies should capture other generations of Arab Americans to better understand the trend of ADRD among this understudied, often invisible population.

scholarly journals The Education of Multiple Family Members and the Life-Course Pathways to Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. e113-e128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenjira J Yahirun ◽  
Sindhu Vasireddy ◽  
Mark D Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Educational Attainments

Abstract Objectives This article asks how the educational attainments of multiple family members, including parents and offspring, are associated with the cognitive health of older adults in the United States. Methods We use panel data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2000–2012) to examine how the education of an individual, their parent(s), and their offspring are associated with the prevalence of moderate/severe cognitive impairment and the onset of cognitive impairment among older adults using logistic regression and discrete-time event history analysis, respectively. Results We found that when combined, only the education of the individual is inversely associated with cognitive impairment at baseline. However, both the educational attainments of an individual and their offspring are negatively associated with the risk of becoming cognitively impaired, among individuals who were not already cognitively impaired. Conversely, parental education was not predictive of being cognitively impaired or the onset of impairment. Furthermore, we found that respondent gender did not moderate the relationship between a family member’s education and respondent cognitive health. Discussion This study adds to current research by asking how resources from earlier and subsequent generations matter for older adults’ cognitive health. Although we found little evidence that parental education matters at this life stage, results suggest that offspring education has a salient positive effect on later-life cognitive health. This finding underscores an overlooked source of health disparities—offspring resources—and highlights how a family perspective remains a powerful tool for understanding health inequalities in later life.

scholarly journals Nativity and Country of Origin Variations in Life Expectancy With Functional Limitations Among Older Hispanics in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Garcia ◽  
Adriana M. Reyes ◽  
Catherine García ◽  
Chi-Tsun Chiu ◽  
Grecia Macias
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This study examined racial/ethnic, nativity, and country of origin differences in life expectancy with and without functional limitations among older adults in the United States. We used data from the National Health Interview Survey (1999–2015) to estimate Sullivan-based life tables of life expectancies with functional limitations and without functional limitations by sex for U.S.-born Mexicans, foreign-born Mexicans, U.S.-born Puerto Ricans, island-born Puerto Ricans, foreign-born Cubans, and U.S.-born Whites. We find that Latinos exhibit heterogeneous life expectancies with functional limitations. Among females, U.S.-born Mexicans, foreign-born Mexicans, and foreign-born Cubans spend significantly fewer years without functional limitations, whereas island-born Puerto Ricans spend more years with functional limitations. For men, U.S.-born Puerto Ricans were the only Latino subgroup disadvantaged in the number of years lived with functional limitations. Conversely, foreign-born Cubans spend significantly fewer years without functional limitations. To address disparities in functional limitations, we must consider variation in health among Latino subgroups.

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