scholarly journals An Exploration on Trust

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Elena Portacolone
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Advocacy Organizations ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Peer Outreach ◽  
Over Time

Abstract “Trust is a form of love,” explained a study participant. As a form of love, trust nourishes connections and accelerates progress. As a result, the purpose of this session is to reflect upon the notion of trust and examine how trust moves science and social justice forward. Trust must be seen as sustained or broken over multiple generations. Moreover, trust between older adults and medical and social support institutions has profound implications for this historical moment. In the COVID-19 pandemic, trust can be viewed as a facilitator of emergency responses in the State of Washington as noted in Dr. Berridge’s paper. On the other hand, distrust and a related sense of abandonment contributes to Black Americans' limited uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations, as noted in Dr. Johnson’s work. On a related note, Dr. Perry’s work shows that lack of trust over time has led those aging with hemophilia to withdraw from care at different points in their own trajectories. Finally, on a positive note, Dr. Kotwal’s work illustrates the role of a peer outreach intervention in facilitating trusting relationships among diverse, low-income older adults which led to sustained reductions, over a 2-year period, in loneliness, barriers to socializing, and depression. This symposium on trust highlights how researchers work, either consciously or unconsciously, within a continuum of trust in their participants' communities. At a broader level, systemic attention to building trust from academia, government, and national advocacy organizations holds the potential to foster meaningful scientific engagement and empowerment of historically marginalized communities.

Biopsychosocial Patterning of Multimorbidity and Its Consequences

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Elliot Friedman ◽  
Beth LeBreton ◽  
Lindsay Fuzzell ◽  
Elizabeth Wehrpsann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

By many estimates the majority of adults over age 65 have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at increased risk of adverse functional outcomes. Nonetheless, many older adults with multimorbidity are able to maintain high levels of function and retain good quality of life. Research presented here is designed to understand the influences that help ensure better functional outcomes in these older adults. This chapter presents findings that draw on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The independent and interactive contributions of diverse factors to multimorbidity and changes in multimorbidity over time are reviewed. The degree that multimorbidity increases risk of cognitive impairment and disability is examined. The role of inflammation as a mediator is considered. Multimorbidity is increasingly the norm for older adults, so better understanding of factors contributing to variability in multimorbidity-related outcomes can lead to improved quality of life.

La trasmissione della conoscenza e la funzione della scrittura

GRUPPI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Flavio Nosč ◽  
Silvia Anfilocchi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Online Journals ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Broad Dimension ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Over Time

- After reflection upon the role of narcissism - of the pupil as well as of the teacher - as an obstacle to knowledge, we are now reflecting upon the function of writing and its relationship with the oral transmission of psychotherapeutic "knowledge", in that oral learning has always played an important role. It is observed that oral transmission is nurtured by a dialogic context made of emotional confirmation and disconfirmation and takes advantage of the richness of the context, while writing needs to build a sort of dialog with that which is absent. Furthermore, we are now living in a historical moment in which web communica- tion also exists, and although it is in written form, it may be that it has such peculiarities of simultaneity and such a broad dimension that it is closer to oral tradition, and online journals themselves undoubtedly play an important role. The group feels it needs to keep identity and possibility of change together, so as to create a strong theoretical basis, with elements of stability which can be passed on. This theoretical basis can be split up but should remain in contact with the transmission of experience. The group also feels that behind the apparent dichotomy between online writing and traditional writing there is the idea of a culture that is changing over time, and that through this change it is building a tradition in which the group can recognize itself. It is necessary to keep the space devoted to the COIRAG Journal, a space in which a more pondered and processed exchange can be fostered, where the understanding of-and not only the description of-events has its own room. What we need is a space that can collect the consolidated aspects and the strong theoretical core of our reality, and that can build the identity with which we present ourselves to the exterior. .Parole chiave: conoscenza, apprendimento, formazione, comunicazione orale, comunicazione scritta, rivista. .Key words: knowledge, learning, training, oral communication, written communication, magazine.

Neighborhood Racial and Economic Segregation and Disparities in Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e10
Author(s):  
Julia P. Schleimer ◽  
Shani A. Buggs ◽  
Christopher D. McCort ◽  
Veronica A. Pear ◽  
Alaina De Biasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
Over Time

Objectives. To describe associations between neighborhood racial and economic segregation and violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. For 13 US cities, we obtained zip code–level data on 5 violence outcomes from March through July 2018 through 2020. Using negative binomial regressions and marginal contrasts, we estimated differences between quintiles of racial, economic, and racialized economic segregation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes as a measure of neighborhood privilege (1) in 2020 and (2) relative to 2018 through 2019 (difference-in-differences). Results. In 2020, violence was higher in less-privileged neighborhoods than in the most privileged. For example, if all zip codes were in the least privileged versus most privileged quintile of racialized economic segregation, we estimated 146.2 additional aggravated assaults (95% confidence interval = 112.4, 205.8) per zip code on average across cities. Differences over time in less-privileged zip codes were greater than differences over time in the most privileged for firearm violence, aggravated assault, and homicide. Conclusions. Marginalized communities endure endemically high levels of violence. The events of 2020 exacerbated disparities in several forms of violence. Public Health Implications. To reduce violence and related disparities, immediate and long-term investments in low-income neighborhoods of color are warranted. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print December 9, 2021:e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306540 )

scholarly journals Providing Nursing Home Care in an Era of Increasing Scarcity: The Case of Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 504-504
Author(s):  
Edward Miller ◽  
Molly Wylie ◽  
Elizabeth Simpson ◽  
Marc Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
State Level ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Medicaid financing of nursing home (NH) care provides the strongest safety net for low income older adults, persons who have high-intensity long-term care (LTC) needs, and consumers with exorbitant LTC costs. Yet, NHs currently face serious threats to their financial viability, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where the costs of caring for residents in a safe way have increased significantly, even as the ability to recoup these costs from the Medicaid program has been constrained. The purpose of this study is to assess key demand and supply factors affecting the performance of the NH industry in Pennsylvania over time. It draws from several large, national data sources, including NH Compare, LTCFocus.org, the U.S. Bureaus of the Census and Labor Statistics, and Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports, as well as state-level population projections and Departments of Health and Human Services data. An aggregate database was constructed with historical data points at the facility, regional, and state level. Annual total and regional trends were examined from 2010 to 2020. Findings suggest a growing gap between what NHs require to meet the needs of residents and the level of reimbursement paid by the largest funder: Medicaid. Considering demographic trends, this gap will only grow over time in the absence of policy change. The pandemic has further highlighted the existing challenges resulting from an underfunded service infrastructure and the need for additional investment if NHs are to provide high quality care to a growing cohort of older adults requiring support.

scholarly journals Technology for Educational Purposes Among Low-Income Latino Children Living in a Mobile Park in Silicon Valley: A Case Study Before and During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-514
Author(s):  
Claire Ji Hee Kim ◽  
Amado M. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Systematic Improvement ◽  
Access To Technology ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Improve Student Learning

Our case study explored the role of technology in education among low-income Latino residents living in a mobile park in Silicon Valley. Through surveys and in-person interviews with parents and children, we report qualitative data on home Internet access and availability of technological devices utilized for school-related purposes. The results of this study indicated that despite having a baseline level of access to technology as well as an understanding of its importance in the context of a child’s education, our study population currently faces significant barriers to having adequate access to technology at home due to socioeconomic barriers. The digital divide in educational technology was magnified when schools were abruptly closed in favor of online instruction for all children due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings strongly support the recommendation that more attention and systematic improvement are required in order to eliminate disparities and improve student learning and parental involvement with schooling for marginalized communities.

scholarly journals INNOVATIONS IN HOME MODIFICATION RESEARCH: THE STATE OF THE ART

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S635-S635
Author(s):  
Emily Nabors ◽  
Mindy Renfro ◽  
Jon Pynoos ◽  
Sarah L Szanton ◽  
Jon Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Home Modification ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
Joint Center ◽  
Improve Service Delivery

Abstract The overwhelming preference of older adults is to stay in their homes for as long as possible (AARP). However, most housing lacks supportive features and presents barriers that jeopardize residents’ ability to successfully age in place. Only 1% of houses have five key features to ensure accessibility: no-step entry, single-floor living, lever door handles, accessible electrical controls, and extra-wide doors and hallways (Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies), making the vast majority unsuitable for persons who use wheelchairs and problematic for the growing number of people with activity limitations. Persons least likely to have such features in their homes need them the most: old-old, low income, frail, and residents in older housing stock. Although home modification can support people as their needs change and preclude the need to move, often to institutional settings, the majority of older adults lack these supports. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of home modification in health, safety, and cost effectiveness. This symposium will convene a panel of researchers to share evidence-base in home modification, recent cost-saving innovations including the CAPABLE Program, and policy change to improve service delivery.

La responsabilità morale dello storico

2009 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Bronislaw Baczko
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Principle Of Relativity ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Over Time

- Historical knowledge is tied in a thousand ways to the anxieties, conflicts, to antinomies and to the demands of our era. It is in the name of our present that interrogates the past. It possesses a degree of expressive character: voicing the present where one is born and lives. So, therefore the historian is not an impartial and static observer of the past and the ever-dominate present. He must remain in the perspective of the present-day and the historical moment in which he lives. But no «present» is ever really finished. One might think that no moral code is consistent with the principle of relativity of knowledge, that the researcher is inevitably partial and runs the risk of deformation and ideological sublimation. It may also be that history has taken a far too long function of magistra vitae in social awareness. It does not seem to arouse any distrust towards our time. In fact, the disproportion between the anonymous «fate» on one side - the decisions bearing on the existence of humanity and its future destiny - and, on the other hand, the possibility of individual action is today such that history seems pointless for the rationalization of the present. The attitude towards historical knowledge is also influenced by the fact that it is a subject far too easy to exploit and manipulate by power and propaganda, penalizing values often variable and contradictory. The historical-humanist has often been reduced to the role of technical - propagandist. In his research, he cannot make «partial» choices between true and false. The awareness of the relativity of values and of their variability over time, does not change anything in the absolute moral character of historical research. The total moral responsibility of the historian cannot be relieved by anyone. An historian, precisely, must explore the past to get to the truth; he is morally obligated and has no right to falsify.Key words: present, pass, historical knowledge, "to be a historian", responsibility, relativism, moral code.Parole chiave: presente, passato, conoscenza storica, "essere uno storico", responsabilità, relativismo, codice morale.

scholarly journals The Effects of Assets and Debt on the Depression Trajectory of Low-Income Older Adults in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
Jihee Woo ◽  
Hyojin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Unconditional Model ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Evidence suggests that assets and debt are among the most significant factors affecting older adults’ mental health. This study focuses specifically on South Korea, where the poverty rate of older adults is the highest among all OECD countries. Given that low-income older adults with fewer assets and more debt may be at greater risk for depression, we investigated how assets and debt affected the depression trajectory of low-income older adults in South Korea. We used the six most recent waves of data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study (2014-2019) to estimate the longitudinal effects of assets and debt on depression in low-income older adults. Our sample was restricted to low-income Korean heads of household aged 55 and above (N=2,832). Using latent growth curve modeling, the unconditional model revealed decreasing trends in depression over time, while the conditional model, controlling for sociodemographic variables (i.e., age, gender, education, general health, marital status, employment status, income), suggested that assets and debt had contrasting impacts on depression. Specifically, although it did not impact the depression trajectory, debt did have a positive impact on depression at baseline. Most notably, assets negatively affected both depression at baseline (B=-1.911, SE=0.284, p<.001) and its trajectory (B=-0.235, SE=0.081, p<.01). These findings highlight the importance of holding assets over time as a protective factor against depression and thus the need for interventions such as savings programs and financial education for low-income older adults.

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