scholarly journals Nonverbal Communication in Dementia Family Caregiving: Using the VNVIS-CG Scale for In-Home Video Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Carissa Coleman ◽  
Kristine Williams ◽  
Kacie Inderhees ◽  
Michaela Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Home Video ◽  
Dementia Caregiver ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Video Observations

Abstract Communication is fundamental for dementia care and identifying communication behaviors is key to identifying strategies that facilitate or impede communication. To measure caregiver nonverbal communication, we adapted the Verbal and Nonverbal Interaction Scale for Caregivers (VNVIS-CG) for second-by-second behavioral coding of video observations. The VNVIS-CG was adapted for computer-assisted Noldus Observer coding of video interactions captured at home by family caregivers from the FamTechCare clinical trial. Operational definitions for nonverbal communication behaviors were developed and inter-rater reliability was excellent (Kappa = .88) using two independent coders. Videos N=232 were coded featuring 51 dyads; caregivers who were primarily female (80%) spouses (69%) of men (55%) diagnosed with moderate to severe dementia (64.7%). Mean caregiver age was 65 years. Emotional tone conveyed by caregivers was primarily respectful, occurring 68.1% of the time, followed by overly nurturing (9%), bossy, harsh, or antagonistic (6.2%), and silence occurred 16.7 % of the time. Caregiver gestures and positive postures (i.e., animated facial expressions, head nodding, or caregiver body movements) were the most commonly occurring overt behaviors (46.5%), followed by changing the environment to help the PWD (19.9%), and expressing laughter/joy (18.9%). The least common nonverbal behaviors were negative posture, aggression, compassion, and rejecting. The adapted behavioral coding scheme provides a reliable measure that characterizes dementia caregiver nonverbal communication behaviors for analysis of video observations. Ongoing research will identify strategies that facilitate communication as well as determine how strategies vary by dementia stage, diagnosis, and dyad characteristics.

scholarly journals Verbal Communication in Dementia Family Caregiving: Using the VNVIS-CG Scale for In-Home Video Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 481-481
Author(s):  
Kristine Williams ◽  
Carissa Coleman ◽  
Iman Aly ◽  
Paige Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Home Video ◽  
Dementia Caregiver ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Video Observations ◽  
Asking Questions

Abstract Communication is fundamental for dementia care and identifying communication behaviors is key to identifying strategies that facilitate or impede communication. To measure caregiver verbal communication, we adapted the Verbal and Nonverbal Interaction Scale for Caregivers (VNVIS-CG) for second-by-second behavioral coding of video observations. The VNVIS-CG was adapted for computer-assisted Noldus Observer coding of video interactions captured at home by family caregivers from the FamTechCare clinical trial. Operational definitions for verbal communication behaviors were developed and inter-rater reliability was excellent (Kappa = .86) using two independent coders. Videos (N=232) were coded featuring 51 dyads; caregivers were primarily female (80%) spouses (69%) of men (55%) diagnosed with moderate to severe dementia (64.7%). Mean caregiver age was 65 years. Silence occurred most frequently (44.9% of the time), followed by caregiver direction or instruction (22.6%), and the person with dementia (PWD) verbalizing (22.8%). Caregiver communication also included asking questions (14.2%), verbalizing understanding (7.9%), repeating information (2.1%), affirmations (1.0%), acknowledging emotions (0.3%), and ignoring (0.0%). Questions most commonly requested clarification, showed interest, or repetitive quizzing; few questions sought to engage PWD input (ex. offers choices, encourages emotional expression, or ask permission). Tone was overwhelmingly neutral rather than humorous, aggressive, or patronizing. The adapted behavioral coding scheme provides a reliable measure that characterizes dementia caregiver verbal communication behaviors for analysis of video observations. Ongoing research will identify strategies that facilitate communication as well as determine how strategies vary by dementia stage, diagnosis, and dyad characteristics.

Nonverbal Communication Behaviors of Internationally Educated Nurses and Patient Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xu ◽  
Shelley Staples ◽  
Jay J. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Therapeutic Touch ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Internationally Educated Nurses ◽  
Communication Behaviors

Background: Because of language barriers and cultural differences, internationally educated nurses (IENs) face documented communication challenges in health care delivery. Yet, it is unknown how and to what extent nonverbal behaviors affect patient care because of research gap in the existing nursing literature. Methods: This is an exploratory study evaluating nonverbal communication behaviors of IENs interacting with standardized patients (SPs) in a controlled clinical setting through videotape analysis. Participants included 52 IENs from two community hospitals in the same hospital system in a southwestern metropolitan area in the United States. Twelve nonverbal behaviors were rated using a 4-point Likert scale with 4 indicating the best performance by the research team after watching videos of SP–IEN interactions. The global communication performance was also ranked in four areas: genuineness, spontaneity, appropriateness, and effectiveness. The relationships between these four areas and the nonverbal behaviors were explored. Finally, a qualitative analysis of two extreme cases was conducted and supplemented the quantitative findings. Results: The IENs received average scores under 2 in 5 out of the 12 nonverbal behaviors. They were “hugging” (1.06), “lowering body position to patient’s level” (1.07), “leaning forward” (1.26), “shaking hands” (1.64), and “therapeutic touch” (1.66). The top three scores were for “no distractive movement,” “eye contact,” and “smile” (3.80, 3.73, and 3.57, respectively). The average overall global impression score was 2.98. The average score for spontaneity was 2.80, which was significantly lower than the scores for genuineness (3.15), appropriateness (3.11), but comparable to the average score for effectiveness (2.85). Finally, therapeutic touch, interpersonal space, eye contact, smiling, and hugging were all significantly correlated with one or more of the global impression scores, with therapeutic touch showing moderate correlations with all of the scores as well as the overall global impression score. Implications: The IENs’ nonverbal behaviors in areas such as hugging, lowering body position to patient’s level, leaning forward, shaking hands, and therapeutic touch have room for improvement. Targeted interventions focusing on norms and expectations of nonverbal behaviors in the U.S. health care setting are called for to improve quality of care.

scholarly journals Developing Behavioral Coding to Understand Family Communication Breakdown in Dementia Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa K. Coleman ◽  
Iman M. Aly ◽  
Ashlyn Dunham ◽  
Kacie Inderhees ◽  
Michaela Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Communication ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Caregiver Training ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Communication Breakdown ◽  
Repair Strategy ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Asking Questions

Communication breakdown is a challenge for family caregivers of persons living with dementia. We adapted established theory and scales for computer-assisted behavioral coding to characterize caregiver communication for a secondary analysis. We developed verbal, nonverbal, and breakdown coding schemes and established reliability (κ > .85). Within the 221 family caregiving videos analyzed, 55% of exchanges were interactive, 30% were silence, 4% consisted of talking to self or others, and 8% included a breakdown. An average of 2.4 ( SD = 1.9) breakdowns occurred per observation and were successfully resolved 85% of the time, with 31% being resolved most successfully following only one flag and repair strategy. Caregivers were the primary speakers (67%); their communication preceded most breakdown (65%), and they primarily initiated the repairs after a breakdown (70%). Common repair strategies included clarifications (31%), asking questions (24%), and repeating information (24%). Associations between communication strategies and repair success will provide evidence for caregiver training.

Predicting Language Outcomes for Young Prelinguistic Children With Developmental Delay

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Calandrella ◽  
M. Jeanne Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Intentional Communication ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Prelinguistic Communication ◽  
Language Outcome ◽  
Natural Interactions

The purpose of this study was to examine potential relationships between children's prelinguistic communication behaviors and subsequent (12 months later) expressive and receptive language outcomes. Participants included 25 toddlers with developmental delay and their mothers. The dyads were observed during natural interactions at 6-month intervals over a 12-month period for a total of 3 observation points (O 1 , O 2 , O 3 ). Children's rate of nonverbal behavior that is often perceived as communication by adults was identified at O 1 and O 2 . In the investigation, the children's intentional nonverbal communication acts all included coordinated attention between the communication referent and the adult. The other types of prelinguistic communication behavior, termed gestural indicating behavior and social interaction signals, were produced without coordinated attention to the adult. Receptive and expressive language test scores and spontaneous word productions were analyzed at O 3 and served as outcome measures in regression analyses. Results indicated that rate of intentional nonverbal communication at O 1 was a predictor of spontaneous word productions at O 3 . At O 2 , rate of intentional communication and rate of gestural indicating behavior predicted subsequent language outcomes as measured by the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development-Revised. The results are consistent with previous findings for intentional nonverbal communication that includes coordinated attention, but additionally demonstrate that prelinguistic behavior lacking coordinated attention also bears a relationship to subsequent language outcome. Discussion of observed patterns focuses on child and adult factors that may motivate the transition from prelinguistic to early symbolic communication.

scholarly journals Reading Lies: Nonverbal Communication and Deception

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldert Vrij ◽  
Maria Hartwig ◽  
Pär Anders Granhag
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between nonverbal communication and deception continues to attract much interest, but there are many misconceptions about it. In this review, we present a scientific view on this relationship. We describe theories explaining why liars would behave differently from truth tellers, followed by research on how liars actually behave and individuals’ ability to detect lies. We show that the nonverbal cues to deceit discovered to date are faint and unreliable and that people are mediocre lie catchers when they pay attention to behavior. We also discuss why individuals hold misbeliefs about the relationship between nonverbal behavior and deception—beliefs that appear very hard to debunk. We further discuss the ways in which researchers could improve the state of affairs by examining nonverbal behaviors in different ways and in different settings than they currently do.

SUPER scale to the rescue: reconciling what parents say and what they communicate during their child’s pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
Rachel L Moline ◽  
Kaytlin L Constantin ◽  
Megan N Gauthier ◽  
Deborah M Powell ◽  
C Meghan McMurtry
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Parent Behaviors ◽  
Cold Pressor Task ◽  
Vocal Cues

Aim: Fully illuminating mechanisms relating parent behaviors to child pain require examining both verbal and nonverbal communication. We conducted a multimethod investigation into parent nonverbal communication and physiology, and investigated the psychometric properties of the Scheme for Understanding Parent Emotive Responses Scale to assess parent nonverbals accompanying reassurance and distraction. Materials & methods: 23 children (7–12 years of age) completed the cold pressor task with their parent (predominately mothers). Parent heart rate and heart rate variability were monitored and assessed. The Scheme for Understanding Parent Emotive Responses Scale coding of parent nonverbal behaviors (i.e., vocal cues, facial expressions, posture) was used to detect levels of fear, warmth, disengagement and humor. Results & conclusion: Preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the scale are offered. Parent reassurance was associated with more fear, less warmth and less humor compared with distraction.

Deciphering the Physician—Older Patient Interaction

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie T. Irish
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Patient Communication ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Patient Interaction ◽  
Expression Of Emotion

Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide a commentary on nonverbal communication in the physician-older patient interaction. Method: A literature review of physician-older patient communication yielded several published studies on this topic. Nonverbal behaviors were rarely examined in this body of literature even though the need to adopt a more “biopsycho-social” model of care was mentioned in several of the articles. The nonverbal communication literature was also reviewed to determine whether aging had been a variable of interest with regard to encoding (sending) and decoding communication (receiving) skills. Results: To date there have been very few studies that have investigated the role of nonverbal communication in the physician-older patient interaction. Selected encoding and decoding characteristics for both physicians and patients are discussed with the context of the aging process. In lieu of direct evidence linking nonverbal behavior and physician-older patient communication, possible implications are offered for the following characteristics: expression of emotion, pain expression, gestures, gaze, touch, hearing, and vocal affect. Three relevant outcomes (satisfaction with care, quality of life, and health status) are also discussed within the nonverbal behavior-aging framework. Conclusion: The connection between nonverbal behavior and how physicians and older patients interact with one another has not been rigorously examined. Identifying and improving nonverbal communication will likely enhance the verbal exchange in the medical encounter and may improve the older patient's quality of care.

Nonverbal Communication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Troisi
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Emotional Model ◽  
The Impact

Humans use two different means to exchange information: language and nonverbal communication. Often nonverbal signals emphasize and specify what is being said with words. Yet sometimes they collide, and the words are contradicted by what seeps through facial expression, gesture, and posture. This chapter discusses two theoretical frameworks for studying these nonverbal behaviors. The first approach (the emotional model) aims at unveiling the emotional state from facial expression and gesture. The second approach (the behavioral ecology model) analyzes the social meaning of nonverbal behavior, regardless of the emotional state of the sender of nonverbal signals. The two models are not incompatible and can be integrated to study nonverbal behavior. Yet, the behavioral ecology model explains some findings that are not accounted for by the emotional model. The final part of the chapter deals with neuropsychiatric conditions, such as Williams syndrome and prosopagnosia, that alter the encoding and decoding of nonverbal signals. The impact of these conditions on real-life social behavior can be dramatic, which shows the adaptive relevance of nonverbal communication.

scholarly journals DEMENTIA CAREGIVER EMBRACE OF HOME VIDEO TELEHEALTH VISITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S243-S243
Author(s):  
Lauren Moo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Home Video ◽  
Inclement Weather ◽  
Medical Visits ◽  
Dementia Caregiver ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Technical Issues

Abstract Bringing people with dementia to in-person medical visits can be logistically challenging for family caregivers, especially when they themselves are older adults with their own health or mobility challenges, when they live far from the clinic, or when they have to combat inclement weather. Our dementia management clinic has successfully trialed video visits into the home. Video sessions have been welcomed by many dementia caregivers citing reduced travel and less disruption of daily routine as the primary benefits of participating. Caregivers report equivalent visit satisfaction compared to in-person visits. While technical issues have been common, most were just brief audio or video lags. Expansion of HIPAA compliant telemedicine software options across devices is increasing the population of caregivers who are able to participate in home video visits. (127 words)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document