scholarly journals Developing Behavioral Coding to Understand Family Communication Breakdown in Dementia Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa K. Coleman ◽  
Iman M. Aly ◽  
Ashlyn Dunham ◽  
Kacie Inderhees ◽  
Michaela Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Communication ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Caregiver Training ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Communication Breakdown ◽  
Repair Strategy ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Asking Questions

Communication breakdown is a challenge for family caregivers of persons living with dementia. We adapted established theory and scales for computer-assisted behavioral coding to characterize caregiver communication for a secondary analysis. We developed verbal, nonverbal, and breakdown coding schemes and established reliability (κ > .85). Within the 221 family caregiving videos analyzed, 55% of exchanges were interactive, 30% were silence, 4% consisted of talking to self or others, and 8% included a breakdown. An average of 2.4 ( SD = 1.9) breakdowns occurred per observation and were successfully resolved 85% of the time, with 31% being resolved most successfully following only one flag and repair strategy. Caregivers were the primary speakers (67%); their communication preceded most breakdown (65%), and they primarily initiated the repairs after a breakdown (70%). Common repair strategies included clarifications (31%), asking questions (24%), and repeating information (24%). Associations between communication strategies and repair success will provide evidence for caregiver training.

scholarly journals Verbal Communication in Dementia Family Caregiving: Using the VNVIS-CG Scale for In-Home Video Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 481-481
Author(s):  
Kristine Williams ◽  
Carissa Coleman ◽  
Iman Aly ◽  
Paige Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Home Video ◽  
Dementia Caregiver ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Video Observations ◽  
Asking Questions

Abstract Communication is fundamental for dementia care and identifying communication behaviors is key to identifying strategies that facilitate or impede communication. To measure caregiver verbal communication, we adapted the Verbal and Nonverbal Interaction Scale for Caregivers (VNVIS-CG) for second-by-second behavioral coding of video observations. The VNVIS-CG was adapted for computer-assisted Noldus Observer coding of video interactions captured at home by family caregivers from the FamTechCare clinical trial. Operational definitions for verbal communication behaviors were developed and inter-rater reliability was excellent (Kappa = .86) using two independent coders. Videos (N=232) were coded featuring 51 dyads; caregivers were primarily female (80%) spouses (69%) of men (55%) diagnosed with moderate to severe dementia (64.7%). Mean caregiver age was 65 years. Silence occurred most frequently (44.9% of the time), followed by caregiver direction or instruction (22.6%), and the person with dementia (PWD) verbalizing (22.8%). Caregiver communication also included asking questions (14.2%), verbalizing understanding (7.9%), repeating information (2.1%), affirmations (1.0%), acknowledging emotions (0.3%), and ignoring (0.0%). Questions most commonly requested clarification, showed interest, or repetitive quizzing; few questions sought to engage PWD input (ex. offers choices, encourages emotional expression, or ask permission). Tone was overwhelmingly neutral rather than humorous, aggressive, or patronizing. The adapted behavioral coding scheme provides a reliable measure that characterizes dementia caregiver verbal communication behaviors for analysis of video observations. Ongoing research will identify strategies that facilitate communication as well as determine how strategies vary by dementia stage, diagnosis, and dyad characteristics.

scholarly journals Nonverbal Communication in Dementia Family Caregiving: Using the VNVIS-CG Scale for In-Home Video Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Carissa Coleman ◽  
Kristine Williams ◽  
Kacie Inderhees ◽  
Michaela Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Home Video ◽  
Dementia Caregiver ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Video Observations

Abstract Communication is fundamental for dementia care and identifying communication behaviors is key to identifying strategies that facilitate or impede communication. To measure caregiver nonverbal communication, we adapted the Verbal and Nonverbal Interaction Scale for Caregivers (VNVIS-CG) for second-by-second behavioral coding of video observations. The VNVIS-CG was adapted for computer-assisted Noldus Observer coding of video interactions captured at home by family caregivers from the FamTechCare clinical trial. Operational definitions for nonverbal communication behaviors were developed and inter-rater reliability was excellent (Kappa = .88) using two independent coders. Videos N=232 were coded featuring 51 dyads; caregivers who were primarily female (80%) spouses (69%) of men (55%) diagnosed with moderate to severe dementia (64.7%). Mean caregiver age was 65 years. Emotional tone conveyed by caregivers was primarily respectful, occurring 68.1% of the time, followed by overly nurturing (9%), bossy, harsh, or antagonistic (6.2%), and silence occurred 16.7 % of the time. Caregiver gestures and positive postures (i.e., animated facial expressions, head nodding, or caregiver body movements) were the most commonly occurring overt behaviors (46.5%), followed by changing the environment to help the PWD (19.9%), and expressing laughter/joy (18.9%). The least common nonverbal behaviors were negative posture, aggression, compassion, and rejecting. The adapted behavioral coding scheme provides a reliable measure that characterizes dementia caregiver nonverbal communication behaviors for analysis of video observations. Ongoing research will identify strategies that facilitate communication as well as determine how strategies vary by dementia stage, diagnosis, and dyad characteristics.

scholarly journals Nutrients and foods consumed by New Zealand children on schooldays and non-schooldays

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E Rockell ◽  
Winsome R Parnell ◽  
Noela C Wilson ◽  
Paula ML Skidmore ◽  
Asher Regan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and compare food and nutrient intakes in New Zealand (NZ) children on schooldays and non-schooldays.DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the NZ 2002 Children’s Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using computer-assisted multi-pass 24 h dietary recalls in the home. Data were adjusted for survey weightings to be representative of the NZ population. The effect of day category on nutrient intake, and likelihood of consumption of food categories were determined using linear and logistic regression.SettingNZ homes and schools.SubjectsA total of 2572 children (538 non-schooldays and 2034 schooldays) at the age of 5–14 years.ResultsThere were differences in the proportion consuming some food groups between schooldays and non-schooldays, although the majority of nutrient intakes including energy did not differ by day category. Mean cholesterol intake was higher on non-schooldays; dietary fibre and available carbohydrate, in particular sucrose and fructose, were higher on schooldays. Hot chips were twice as likely to be consumed on a non-schoolday. Soft drink consumption was higher on non-schooldays for Māori/New Zealand European and others and powdered drinks/cordial consumption did not vary by day category. More children consumed snack bars (normal weight, obese), fruit, sandwiches, biscuits/crackers and snack foods on schooldays. There was no difference in consumption of pies/sausage rolls by day category.ConclusionsThe proportion of consumers of a variety of foods differed significantly between non-schooldays and schooldays; few nutrient intakes differed. The present study indicates that family food, wherever it is consumed, is the mainstay of nutrition for NZ schoolchildren.

Research into psychosocial issues

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Kissane ◽  
Annette F. Street ◽  
Erin E. Schweers ◽  
Thomas M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Many ◽  
Study Designs

Psychological, existential, spiritual, and social issues cause much suffering and deserve extensive study to understand these concerns more fully and to intervene more effectively. Themes that abound include communication, coping, ethics, the family, caregiving, quality of life, death and dying, psychiatric disorders, suffering, and the many expressions of distress. Many study designs are possible to explore these themes, often with complementary quantitative and qualitative components. This chapter summarizes the psychometric properties of many of the instruments that are commonly employed in such studies and the computer-assisted software packages that assist qualitative analyses. The goal is to strengthen research design and optimize research outcomes to benefit the discipline.

scholarly journals What does self rated mental health represent

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Levinson ◽  
Giora Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Design And Methods

<p><em>Background</em>. Unlike the widely used self rated health, the self rated mental health was found unsuitable as a proxy for mental illness. This paper analyses the relationships between the self ratings of physical health, mental health and overall health, and their association of with the objective indicators for physical and mental health. <br /><em>Design and methods</em>. The study is a secondary analysis of data from a nationwide representative sample of the non-institutionalized adult residents of Israel in 2003 that was collected via computer-assisted personal interview methods [n=4859].<br /><em>Results</em>. The self rated physical health and the self rated mental health were strongly related to each other yet the self rated mental health was not related to chronic physical conditions and the self rated physical health was not related to mental disorders. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, those with positive self rated mental health had 93 times the odds of reporting positive overall health whereas those with positive self rated physical health had 40 times the odds of reporting positive overall health. <br /><em>Conclusions</em>. The self rating of mental health presents a qualitatively different dimension from mental illness. The self rated mental health is two times more important than the self rated physical health in predicting the self rated overall health</p>

scholarly journals Family Caregiving or Caregiving Alone: Who Helps the Helper?

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanie Sims-Gould ◽  
Anne Martin-Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis study advances the understanding of family caregiving by examining the relationship between adult children caregivers and their helpers. Specifically, it focuses on examining “who helps whom” and extends analyses beyond the dyadic focus of caregiving in later life. The focus on helping and caregiving addresses the variety of contributions and responsibilities involving not only the caregiver who was the target respondent in this research, but also others identified as helpers in the provision of care.The data for this study are derived from the Work and Eldercare Research group of CARNET: The Canadian Aging Research Network. Secondary analysis of CARNET data focuses on data collected from 250 individuals with significant caregiving responsibilities for at least one older person. Findings extend Kahn & Antonucci's convoys of social support model (1981) and Cantor's model of social care (1991) by disentangling some of the dimensions of helping and caregiving, such as the distinction between direct and assistive help.

scholarly journals Changes in Nutrition Focused Physical Exam Knowledge and Curriculum Integration of Dietetic Educators in Malaysia Who Have Completed an NFPE Hybrid Training Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 981-981
Author(s):  
Lorren Lutz ◽  
Rebecca Brody ◽  
Joachim D Sackey ◽  
Riva E Touger-Decker ◽  
Seong-Ting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Nutrition And Dietetics

Abstract Objectives There is limited research on the integration of Nutrition Focused Physical Examination (NFPE) into dietetic educators’ curricula practices globally. The primary objectives of this study were to assess changes in dietetic educators’ NFPE knowledge and curricula practices over 12-months after completing a hybrid training program in NFPE. Methods This was a secondary analysis of data from the study A Two-phase International Approach to Teaching Nutrition Focused Physical Examination, a prospective cohort pilot study. Dietetic educators in Malaysia completed an NFPE hybrid training program consisting of in-person training and follow-up computer-assisted instruction over 12 months. Participants reported the extent to which they integrated 32 NFPE tasks into their curricula at 3 timepoints (baseline, 6- and 12-months post-training) and completed a 50-item multiple-choice knowledge test at 4 timepoints (baseline and immediately, 6- and 12-months post-training). Descriptive statistics were used for curricula data; one-way repeated measures ANOVA test was used to analyze the change in knowledge scores over time. Results Data were analyzed from those who completed knowledge tests (n = 14) and NFPE curricula data collection forms (n = 13) at all timepoints. Mean knowledge scores out of 50 possible points) increased significantly from baseline to immediately post-training and 6- and 12-months post-training (P &lt; 0.001 for all) from 34.1 ± 5.4 at baseline to 43.7 ± 3.1 immediately post-training, 43.5 ± 2.9 at 6-months post-training, and 43.1 ± 3.0 at 12-months post-training. Changes in knowledge test scores were maintained from immediately post-training to 6- and 12-months post-training. At baseline, all of the participants reported that they “teach student NFPE tasks,” for three of the 32 NFPE tasks (examination of orbital fat pads, gastrocnemius muscle, and clavicle). At 12-months post-training,100% of the participants reported teaching all 32 NFPE tasks. Conclusions Dietetic educators in Malaysia who participated in the study significantly increased their NFPE knowledge and the integration of NFPE tasks in their nutrition and dietetics curricula from baseline to 12-months post-training. An NFPE hybrid training program is feasible to train dietetic educators in Malaysia. Funding Sources Rutgers Global Grant

Disability, Employment and Work Performance Among People with ICD-10 Anxiety Disorders

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Waghorn ◽  
David Chant ◽  
Paul White ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Icd 10

Objective: To ascertain at a population level, patterns of disability, labour force participation, employment and work performance among people with ICD-10 anxiety disorders in compar ison to people without disability or long-term health conditions. Method: A secondary analysis was conducted of a probability sample of 42 664 individuals collected in an Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) national survey in 1998. Trained lay interviewers using ICD-10 computer-assisted interviews identified household residents with anxiety disorders. Results: Anxiety disorders were associated with: reduced labour force participation, degraded employment trajectories and impaired work performance compared to people without disabilities or long-term health conditions. Conclusion: People with anxiety disorders may need more effective treatments and assistance with completing education and training, joining and rejoining the workforce, developing career pathways, remaining in the workforce and sustaining work performance. A whole-of-government approach appears needed to reduce the burden of disease and increase community labour resources. Implications for clinicians, vocational professionals and policy makers are discussed.

90-Day Hospital Readmissions of Patients in a Geriatric Acute Care Ward in Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Rachel Rui Qi Tan ◽  
Hui Jin Toh ◽  
Philip Lin Kiat Yap ◽  
Nana Jiao ◽  
Wenru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Caregiver Training ◽  
Geriatric Ward ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Care Ward

The objective of the study is to examine the 90-day readmission rate and identify the predictors for 90-day readmissions at a geriatric ward in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. A secondary analysis of case–control data was performed. Data of patients discharged from a geriatric ward between January 2015 and January 2016 were retrieved from an existing data set. Out of 564 index admissions involving older adults, the 90-day geriatric readmission rate was 10.1%. Activities of daily living dependency (odds ratio [OR]: 0.988, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.978, 0.999]) and living with the spouse (OR: 2.988, 95% CI: [1.388, 6.432]) were identified as significant predictors of 90-day geriatric readmissions. The study suggests that rehabilitation to restore the geriatric patient’s ability to perform daily activities and adequate caregiver training for the spouse are essential in reducing geriatric readmissions. Also, postdischarge follow-up with both the patient and caregiver can greatly reduce the risk of readmission in geriatric patients.

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