scholarly journals Supporting One’s Own? Grandparents’ Help to Grandchildren Who Live With Other Unrelated Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 496-496
Author(s):  
Teresa Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Child Characteristics ◽  
Resource Dilution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Children ◽  
Financial Giving

Abstract The structures of young families today are becoming increasingly complex, which may impact grandparents’ involvement. I examine whether grandparents’ support to adult children’s households differs for those with biological grandchildren only, versus households with both biological and non-biological (step, unrelated) grandchildren. The resource dilution hypothesis and sociobiology theory suggest that grandparents will be less supportive of grandchildren when other unrelated children co-reside in their households. Grandparents (mean age 62.23) in the Add Health Parent Study (2015-2017) reported on instrumental and financial help given to each of their adult children's families in the past year. These data were merged with information from their adult children (mean age 36.76) who participated in Add Health Wave V (2016-2018). Adult children’s household structures—biological children only (n=400) or biological + other children (n=51)—were determined using their fertility histories and household rosters. No significant differences were found in the likelihood that grandparents offered any instrumental or financial support to these two household types (controlling for grandparent resources and adult child characteristics). Nor was the level of grandparents’ financial support significantly different for the two groups. However, grandparents gave significantly fewer hours of help to adult children heading households including both biological grandchildren and unrelated children. Grandparents appear less willing to devote time to assisting their grandchildren’s families when their investment is diluted by the presence of unrelated children. Perhaps time with grandchildren is less pleasing or comfortable when unrelated children are present. This same issue does not impact financial giving, which need not involve contact.

scholarly journals Grandparents’ Perspectives on Parent-Adult Child Relationships During the Transition to Grandparenthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Munz
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Family Transition ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Child ◽  
Intergenerational Issues

Objective: The aim of this study on the transition to grandparenthood is to capture grandparents’ perspectives on their relationship and communication with their adult children when their adult children was expecting their first child or became new parents within the past year. More specifically, the study aimed to uncover 1) Intergenerational issues identified by grandparents during the transition to grandparenthood and 2) Factors influencing grandparents’ communication and relationships with their adult children during this time of family transition. Method: Participants were 19 grandparents in the U.S., 15 grandmothers and 4 grandfathers who were about to welcome the first child of one of their children (N = 8), who had welcomed the first child of one of their children in the past year (N = 10), or who had both a child who was expecting and a child who had welcomed their first child within the past year (N = 1). Qualitative data analysis was conducted on transcripts from the grandparent interviews utilizing the constant comparative technique and thematic analysis to identify categories and emergent themes. Results: Grandparent participants shared their perspectives on the intergenerational transmission of parenting practices, reflected on changes in parental roles over time, and identified communication facilitator and barriers during this time of transition. These categories and emergent themes are explicated in the results section along with supporting excerpts from grandparent interviews. Conclusion: The transition to grandparenthood impacts communication and relationships between grandparents and their adult children by shaping the content, frequency, and medium of communication. Understanding grandparents’ perspectives on this time of transition adds to existing research on families focused mainly on the adult child’s perspective.

scholarly journals Does Parental Investment Shape Adult Children’s Fertility Intentions? Findings From a German Family Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti O. Tanskanen ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
German Family ◽  
First Child ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Over Time

Parents can play an important role in the childbearing plans of adult children. However, studies testing whether changes in parental investment are associated with subsequent changes in fertility intentions over time are lacking. We investigated whether parental investment, measured as contact frequency, emotional closeness, financial support, and childcare, is associated with adult children’s intentions to have a first and a second, or subsequent, child within the next 2 years. These associations were studied in four different parent-adult child dyads based on the sex of parents and adult children (i.e, mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, father-son). The participants are from the German Family Panel, which is a longitudinal survey of younger and middle-aged adults with eight follow-up waves. We exploited within-person (or fixed-effect) regression models, which concentrated an individual’s variation over time (i.e., whether changes in parental investment frequencies are associated with subsequent changes in adult children’s fertility intentions). It was detected that increased emotional closeness between fathers and daughters was associated with increased adult daughter’s intentions to have a first child but father-daughter contact decreased daughter’s intentions to have another child, and maternal financial support decreased son’s intentions to have a first child. Overall, statistically nonsignificant associations outweighed significant ones. Although it is often assumed that parental investment is an important factor influencing the childbearing decisions of adult children, the present findings indicate that parental investment may not increase adult children’s intentions to have a/another child in Germany.

The Challenges of Displaying “Asian American”: Curatorial Perspectives and Critical Approaches

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-32
Author(s):  
ShiPu Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
American Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Racial Demographics

This essay delineates the issues concerning AAPI art exhibitions from a curator’s perspective, particularly in response to the changing racial demographics and economics of the past decades. A discussion of practical, curatorial problems offers the reader an overview of the obstacles and reasons behind the lack of exhibitions of AAPI works in the United States. It is the author’s hope that by understanding the challenges particular to AAPI exhibitions, community leaders, and patrons will direct future financial support to appropriate museum operations, which in turn will encourage more exhibitions and research of the important artistic contribution of AAPI artists to American art.

Providing instrumental support to older parents of multi-child families in China: are there different within-family patterns?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jia Chen ◽  
Xiaochen Zhou ◽  
Nan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Older parents in China rely heavily on their adult children for instrumental assistance. In different multi-child families, multiple offspring may co-operate in providing instrumental support to older parents in distinct ways in terms of how much support they provide on average and how much differentiation exists between them when they provide such support within a family. We aimed to identify different within-family patterns in relation to multiple offspring's instrumental support to an older parent in Chinese multi-child families, and to investigate potential predictors for different within-family patterns. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (2016), we had a working sample of 5,790 older adults aged 60+ (mean = 68.54, standard deviation = 6.60). We employed latent profile analysis (LPA) to classify within-family patterns and multinomial logistic regression to investigate predictors. Our findings identified three within-family patterns: dissociated (59.10%), highly differentiated (29.60%) and united-filial (11.30%). Older parents in the highly differentiated families tended to be older, mothers, divorced/widowed and to have poorer physical health compared to their counterparts in the dissociated families. In contrast, the composition characteristics of multiple adult children played more important roles in determining the united-filial within-family pattern. The united-filial families were more likely to have fewer adult children, at least one adult daughter and at least one co-residing adult child.

Mid-Life Parental Support for Adult Children in New Zealand

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hillcoat-Nallétamby ◽  
A. Dharmalingam
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Ageing Parents

Research often focuses on exchanges of help between mature adult children and ageing parents, but not between young adults and parents. As transitions to adulthood become more complex, and mid-life is increasingly associated with competing roles, this article examines factors influencing the likelihood that a mid-life parent continues to support an adult child who has left home. Empirical analysis uses data from New Zealand's 1997 `Transactions in the Mid-life Family' survey. Parents continue to support their child, but the factors influencing the flow of help vary by type of help. A child's, but not a parent's age, and the gender of both, have a significant influence on the provision of help, and although infrequent contact and long distances make exchanges more difficult, they do not completely inhibit them.

Being an adult child of an elderly person living in a nursing home: a phenomenological approach to the Turkish case

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Önder Erol ◽  
Elif Gün
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose A long-established cultural norm of filial piety may cause ambivalent feelings for adult children who are considered the primary caregivers for their elderly parents in Turkish culture, and whose parents have been placed into nursing homes. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight to the lived experiences of adult children of elderly people living in a nursing home in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach Drawing upon dramaturgical theory and phenomenological methodology, the authors conducted interviews with ten adult children whose elderly parents had been admitted to a nursing home in Izmir, Turkey. Multi-stage purposeful random sampling was used as the sampling scheme. Thematic analysis was performed to interpret the data. Findings Three themes emerged from the data: adult children’s coping strategies, the ways in which the adult children rationalize their decisions, and the ways in which the adult children manage the placement process. The interviews revealed that the adult children often feel like social outcasts and experience a wide range of difficulties, including social pressures, their own inner dilemmas, and negotiations with their elderly parents. Originality/value An exploration for the lived experiences of adult children relating to the nursing home placement of their elderly parents contributes an insight about the well-established cultural norms that produce feelings of ambivalence.

scholarly journals Parents with an Unemployed Adult Child: Consumption, Income, and Savings Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Anne Edwards ◽  
Jeffrey B. Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Parent Outcomes ◽  
Labor Market Shocks ◽  
Market Shocks

AbstractThe risk of labor market, health, and asset-value shocks comprise profound retirement savings challenges for older workers. Parents, however, may experience added risk if their children experience adverse labor market shocks. Prior research has shown that parents support their children financially through an unemployment spell. In this paper, we also provide evidence of financial support from parents and investigate if this financial support is accompanied by adjustments to parental consumption, income, or savings behavior. With longitudinal data on mothers and children from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we use within-mother variation in behavior to identify the effect of a child’s labor market shock on parent outcomes. We find evidence of a decline in consumption, an increase in labor supply, and a decrease retirement savings, though the results are heterogenous among mothers. Our results point to aggregate inefficiencies and inequities that may result from family risk sharing.

scholarly journals Do Support and Strain With Adult Children Affect Mothers’ and Fathers’ Physical Activity?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Thomas ◽  
Amy C. Lodge ◽  
Corinne Reczek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Life Course

Physical activity is central to health. Parents tend to have lower levels of physical activity than the childless, however, little is known about how adult child–parent relationship quality matters for mothers’ and fathers’ physical activity trajectories. Nationally representative panel data from the Americans’ Changing Lives survey (1986–2012) are used to analyze multilevel-ordered logistic regression models. Greater social support from adult children is associated with more frequent active exercise, and higher strain with adult children is related to more frequent active exercise and walking. A significant gender interaction suggests that strain with adult children is related to greater exercise among men more so than women, but this interaction is attenuated after adjusting for cigarette smoking, another gendered way of coping with stress. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how different dimensions of intergenerational relationships shape health behaviors across the life course.

scholarly journals The Frequency and Predicted Consequences of Cosmic Impacts in the Last 65 Million Years

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Michael Paine ◽  
Benny Peiser
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Catastrophic Event ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Events ◽  
Impact Events

Sixty five million years ago a huge asteroid collided with the Earth and ended the long reign of the dinosaurs. In the aftermath of this catastrophic event, the mammals arose and eventually mankind came to dominate the surface of the planet. The Earth, however, has not been free from severe impacts since the time of the dinosaur killer. We examine the likely frequency of major impact events over the past 65 million years, the evidence for these impacts and the predicted consequences of various types of impacts. It is evident that the mammals had to survive frequent severe disruptions to the global climate, and it is likely that over the past 5 million years hominids were faced with several catastrophic global events. Smaller but strategically located impact events could bring down our civilisation if they occurred today. Mankind has recently developed the expertise to predict and mitigate future impacts, but political and financial support are lacking.

Elderly Parent and Dependent Adult Child

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Brunn
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Family Service ◽  
Elderly Parent

Elderly ailing parents with dependent adult children face a complex set of problems that may seem insurmountable. A Services for Older Persons Unit of a family service agency has developed a clinical approach for dealing with these problems and of involving families and the community.

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