scholarly journals Control Beliefs, Age, and Objectification Experiences in Younger and Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Aurora Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Sexual Objectification ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Self Objectification

Abstract Control beliefs show age-related patterns; mastery decreases in adulthood, while constraints beliefs often increase. However, there is a great deal of individual variation. This paper addresses antecedents of control beliefs, with attention to experiences and beliefs related to sexual objectification, which have particular impact for women. In this study, younger women (N = 132, M = 20.93) and older women (N = 86, M = 67.83) were surveyed regarding their experiences with sexual objectification and constraints beliefs. Multiple regression analyses revealed higher self-objectification was associated with higher constraints (R2 = .09**) and lower mastery (R2 = .11**) but reports of body evaluation and sexual advances were not associated with control beliefs. Further, there were no interactions of either objectification scale with age. These results suggest that objectification may be an important part of the aging experience across the life course, not just in young adulthood.

scholarly journals Cohort Differences in Self-Objectification

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Sydney Tran
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Sexual Objectification ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Self Objectification

Abstract Sexual objectification socializes women to engage in self-objectification—the tendency to view one’s body as an object to be used by others and evaluating one’s value in terms of attractiveness to others (Noll & Fredrickson, 1998)—and leads to negative psychological consequences. As women age, their bodies move further away from the thin ideal (Guo, Zeller, Chumlea, & Siervogel; 1999) potentially making them more susceptible to body i concerns and dissatisfaction. However, may also begin using selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) strategies, countering the impacts of sexual objectification, and promoting successful aging. We compared self-objectification between women in early adulthood (N = 132, M = 20.93) and women in late middle age or late adulthood (N = 86, M = 67.83). Results showed that older women had significantly lower levels of self-objectification than younger women. Our findings support the idea the SOC strategies protect against the consequences of sexual objectification.

scholarly journals Cohort Differences and Similarities in Women's Attitudes About Self and Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Aurora Sherman ◽  
Jamila Bookwala
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aging ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Identity Maintenance ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Aging Attitudes ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This panel focuses on four complementing and international views of women’s aging, with a special emphasis on cohort comparisons and using three different studies of women, with contrasting methodological frameworks. In so doing, we present evidence related to trends in social percepetions of aging, attitudes about aging and identity, and ideas about control and objectification. Dr. Newton presents data on older Canadian women showing the connection between physical aging and identity maintenance, using both qualitative and quantitative data and using the lifecourse perspective. Dr. Ryan, using data from the Health and Retirement Study to compare cohorts of women from the 2008 and 2018 HRS waves, reports cohort differences in negative self-perceptions of aging, and that both cohort and negative self-perfections are associated with life satisfaction, using the life course developmental framework. Ms. Tran compares younger and older cohorts of women on a measure of self-objectification, finding that the older cohort reported lower objectification, consistent with a selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) model. Finally, Dr. Sherman, using the same data set as Ms. Tran, shows that control beliefs are associated with objectification, regardless of cohort, consistent with objectification theory predictions of consistency over time regarding the impact of objectification experiences. Dr. Jamila Bookwala will provide discussion of this group of papers.

scholarly journals YOU’LL SEE: YOUNGER RESEARCHERS INTERVIEWING OLDER PARTICIPANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S706-S707
Author(s):  
Sarah Jen ◽  
Yuanjin Zhou ◽  
Mijin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In qualitative research, similarities and differences between the participant and researcher influence the research process and dynamics. Specifically, the age difference between older participants and relatively younger qualitative researchers is a common, but under-examined dynamic requiring nuanced, reflexive analysis. Using a life course conceptual framing, this study explored age-related participant-researcher dynamics in interviews from two qualitative studies of older women’s sexual experiences in later life. Participants included 25 women whose ages ranged from 55 to 93 and both studies were completed by the same researcher, a relatively younger woman (age 23 and 28 at times of data collection). A thematic analysis revealed three primary themes: 1) taking care - participants took care of the researcher by offering advice, asking about the researcher’s life, and expressing hopes for a positive future, 2) expertise – varied expertise was demonstrated by the researcher (e.g. substantive and scholarly) and participants (e.g. life experience), and 3) researcher growth - the researcher’s interviewing tactics shifted between the two studies (e.g. use of validation rather than consolation in response to aging-related concerns), indicating a shift in perceptions of aging and later life. Findings indicate that older women participants and younger women researchers are bound together through the life course, by shared gendered experiences, the fact that one will eventually become the other, and the mutual sharing of expertise and caring. Gerontology researchers must actively reflect on the impact of their own identities and aging perceptions on the interviewing process in order to enhance rigor in qualitative research.

Women's Perspectives on Informal Care of the Elderly: Public Ideology and Personal Experience of Giving and Receiving Care

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Cultural Expectation ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
Ideological Context

ABSTRACTDrawing on a qualitative study of thirty-two women aged between 35 and 85, this paper links women's experiences of giving and receiving care in the informal sphere to their wider social and ideological context. While subjects subscribed to cultural assumptions about families, responsibility, gender and old age, they experienced awkwardness in translating them into their own lives. Younger women and women looking back on their middle years experienced contradiction between the cultural expectation that they be responsive to others and their wishes for self-enhancement. Older women experienced contradiction between the cultural imperative to be unburdensome and independent and their wish for security. Feelings of guilt and shame were associated with not living up to these expectations. They rendered subjects' concerns, individual failings and stifled expression of their needs. To facilitate such expression and work towards social policies that enhance women over the life course, it will be necessary to envision alternative types of supportive services and to challenge the ideological barriers to their use that the subjects of this study had so acutely internalised.

Estrogenic Regulation of Neuroprotection and Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke and Aging

2020 ◽  
pp. 416-432
Author(s):  
Farida Sohrabji ◽  
Shameena Bake ◽  
Amutha Selvamani
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Older Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Age Related Changes

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of mortality and the major cause of long-term disability in the United States. Epidemiological studies report sex differences in ischemic stroke occurrence, mortality and functional recovery. In younger demographics, the overall incidence of stroke is higher in men than younger women, but in the elderly population, stroke rates are higher in older women compared to age-matched men, indicating an interaction of age and sex as important modifiers of disease. The increased risk for stroke in older women is attributed to loss of ovarian hormones, principally estrogens. However, estrogen/estradiol therapy is not always neuroprotective for stroke, especially in aging populations. Age-related changes in central and peripheral immune cells and the blood–brain barrier may play a crucial role in modifying stroke outcomes and the effects of estrogens. This chapter discusses the role of estrogens as a stroke protectant in younger females in contrast to its anomalous effects in the aging brain. Furthermore, the chapter describes age-related changes in support cells in the brain and in the periphery and evaluates the evidence that age-associated inflammation underlies the switch in estrogens neuroprotective action in young females to its neurotoxic effects in older females.

Relationship of blood pressure, behavioral mood state, and physical activity following caffeine ingestion in younger and older women

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Arciero ◽  
Michael J. Ormsbee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related

The purpose of this study was to examine the age-related differences in blood pressure, heart rate, and behavioral mood state after caffeine ingestion in younger and older women. Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 10 younger (Y; 18–22 years) and 10 older (O; 50–67 years) healthy women who were moderate consumers of caffeine (self-reported mean intake: Y, 139 ± 152 mg·day–1; O, 204 ± 101 mg·day–1) were investigated. All volunteers were characterized for fasting plasma glucose, insulin, free-fatty acids and caffeine levels, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, physical activity, and energy intake. Before and after placebo and caffeine ingestion (5 mg·kg–1 fat-free mass; ~208–270 mg) test days, the following variables were measured in all subjects: plasma caffeine levels, heart rate, blood pressure, and behavioral mood state. Results showed that, following caffeine ingestion: (i) both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the older women (SBP, 128.4 ± 14.2 vs. 132.1 ± 13.0 mm Hg (3%); DBP, 80.2 ± 6.9 vs. 83.4 ± 7.5 mm Hg (4%), whereas only DBP increased in the youger women (67.1 ± 4.7 vs. 69.9 ± 5.4 mm Hg (4.2%); p < 0.05); (ii) heart rate decreased significantly (Y, 59.2 ± 8.7 to 53.9 ± 10.6 beats·min–1 (p < 0.05); O, 61.9 ± 9.2 to 59.2 ± 8.4 beats·min–1 (p < 0.05)) in both groups; and (iii) self-reported feelings of tension and vigor increased and feelings of fatigue decreased (p < 0.05) in younger women, whereas depression decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in older women. Self-reported level of physical activity was inversely related to change in DBP following caffeine ingestion in younger women. In conclusion, blood pressure response is augmented and subjective feelings of behavioral mood state are attenuated to a greater degree in older than in younger women following acute caffeine ingestion. Less physically active younger women are more vulnerable to the pressor response to caffeine than more active younger women. It should be noted that these findings are limited to moderate consumers of caffeine who abstained for 48 h prior to testing, and who ingested caffeine in pill form (~240 mg).

scholarly journals Milk choices made by women: what influences them, and does it impact on calcium intake?

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Cashel ◽  
D Crawford ◽  
V Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo identify influences on type of milk consumed and the impact of milk choice on calcium intakes in Australian women of pre- and postmenopausal age.Design and settingQuestionnaires covering calcium intake, health-related dietary issues and priorities self-completed in a group setting.SubjectsA total of 300 women recruited from community groups and government departments.ResultsMean milk and calcium intake were higher in older (≥50 years) compared to younger women. Milk provided over 50% of calcium intake for both groups. Participants rated the importance of eating foods low in fat, energy or cholesterol, high in calcium or dietary fibre or of ‘limiting their intake of added sugar or sugary foods’. Younger and older women ranked eating foods low in fat as the most important food habit for their health, then ranked dietary fibre next in importance. Calcium ranked third for younger women, and fourth for older women. These rankings were reflected in the higher proportion of older women choosing fat-reduced milk in general, and skim milk in particular. This concern about eating foods low in fat was consistent with the choices made of skim, reduced fat/higher calcium or whole milk.ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that concerns about fat are prejudicing the type of milk and amount of calcium consumed. Public health strategies targeting calcium intake need to address age-related differences in quantity and type of milk consumed, including the food attribute conflicts influencing these.

Age and gender interactions on verbal memory performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL H. KRAMER ◽  
KRISTINE YAFFE ◽  
JEANNE LENGENFELDER ◽  
DEAN C. DELIS
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Interactions

Age and gender effects on verbal episodic memory are well established. However, the possibility of interactions between age and gender has been raised by studies linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and by research suggesting gender differences in age-related cortical atrophy. We evaluated whether age by gender interactions in verbal memory were present. Subjects within three years of the median age of menopause were excluded from a large cohort of normal subjects, resulting in a younger sample (16–47 years) of 288 men and 285 women, and an older sample (55–89 years) of 201 men and 245 women. All subjects were administered the CVLT-2, a multiple-trial list-learning task. Verbal memory was negatively correlated with age for younger men, older men, and older women, but not for younger women. Multivariate analyses indicated age by gender interactions on memory for the younger group but not the older group. Results indicate that verbal memory declines with age for younger men but not younger women, whereas both older men and older women show age-related declines. These findings are consistent with hypotheses linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and with imaging data suggesting that age-related hippocampal atrophy is found in younger men but not younger women. The role of estrogen on cognition in normal aging warrants further study. (JINS, 2003, 9, 97–102.)

scholarly journals Age-related changes in human oestrogen receptor α function and levels in osteoblasts

1998 ◽  
Vol 333 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. ANKROM ◽  
Julie A. PATTERSON ◽  
Patricia Y. d'AVIS ◽  
Ulrich K. VETTER ◽  
Marc R. BLACKMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cell Strains

Oestrogen receptors (ERs) are present in human osteoblasts and mediate anti-resorptive effects on bone. Human osteoblast-like cells derived from different aged healthy female donors not on hormone replacement therapy were utilized under well-defined conditions in vitro to investigate ER function and levels. Treatment with 0.1 nM oestradiol-17β of cell strains derived from eight young women (less than 50 years of age) increased hydroxyproline levels significantly [an average (2.2±0.1 S.E.M.)-fold increase], whereas cells derived from nine older women (more than 50 years of age) were not significantly affected. Similarly, cell strains, derived from younger women, transfected with a consensus oestrogen-responsive element linked to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase exhibited a greater response to oestrogen than strains derived from older women. When basal ERα levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay and normalized on a per cell basis, osteoblast-like strains derived from younger women (n = 24) had a mean value of 2.54±0.16 fmol of ERα per 106 cells. In contrast, strains derived from older women (n = 20) had a mean value of 5.44±0.48 fmol of ERα per 106 cells. An age-related increase in ERα number was also observed in human skin-derived fibroblasts and directly in dermal biopsies from women not on hormone replacement therapy. The results demonstrate ligand concentration-dependent ERα induction and indicate a loss of receptor regulation and diminution of ligand–receptor signal transduction with increasing donor age.

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