Cohort Differences and Similarities in Women's Attitudes About Self and Aging

Abstract This panel focuses on four complementing and international views of women’s aging, with a special emphasis on cohort comparisons and using three different studies of women, with contrasting methodological frameworks. In so doing, we present evidence related to trends in social percepetions of aging, attitudes about aging and identity, and ideas about control and objectification. Dr. Newton presents data on older Canadian women showing the connection between physical aging and identity maintenance, using both qualitative and quantitative data and using the lifecourse perspective. Dr. Ryan, using data from the Health and Retirement Study to compare cohorts of women from the 2008 and 2018 HRS waves, reports cohort differences in negative self-perceptions of aging, and that both cohort and negative self-perfections are associated with life satisfaction, using the life course developmental framework. Ms. Tran compares younger and older cohorts of women on a measure of self-objectification, finding that the older cohort reported lower objectification, consistent with a selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) model. Finally, Dr. Sherman, using the same data set as Ms. Tran, shows that control beliefs are associated with objectification, regardless of cohort, consistent with objectification theory predictions of consistency over time regarding the impact of objectification experiences. Dr. Jamila Bookwala will provide discussion of this group of papers.

Download Full-text

Age, Attitudes to Aging, and Identity in Older Canadian Women

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 56-56

Author(s):

Nicky Newton

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Personal Identity ◽

Physical Aging ◽

Life Course Perspective ◽

Personal Agency ◽

Identity Maintenance ◽

Women's Identity ◽

Age Attitudes ◽

Aging Attitudes ◽

The Life Course

Abstract The life course perspective emphasizes social structure, personal agency, and their interdependencies (Settersten et al., 2020), serving as the theoretical framework for this study. Given stereotypical societal views of gender and aging (e.g., Sontag, 1979), physical aging is often the focus when examining women’s aging attitudes and concomitant changes in a sense of personal identity. Additionally, studies of midlife women have found relationships between age and identity (e.g., Stewart et al., 2001). Using quantitative and qualitative data, the present study examines associations between age, personal identity, and attitudes to physical, psychological and social aging in older Canadian women (N = 190, Mage = 70.38). Results show that while attitudes to physical aging contribute to identity maintenance, attitudes to social and psychological aging are also important for older women’s identity maintenance. Interactions between age and attitudes to aging associated with personal identity are discussed with reference to the life course perspective.

Download Full-text

Do Company Related Newspaper Articles Have an Impact on the Share Prices? The Case of the German Market

International Journal of Economics and Finance ◽

10.5539/ijef.v11n3p32 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Jyoti Gupta ◽

Benjamin Graubner

Keyword(s):

Stock Prices ◽

Data Set ◽

German Market ◽

Share Prices ◽

Thomson Reuters ◽

New Information ◽

Java Program ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Newspaper Articles

The paper looks at the impact of information on stock prices within the context of the German Market. Using data set from the Thomson Reuters, a new platform using a self-written Java Program, between the time period of 27 August and 29 September 2013, we analysed the impact of information on stock prices in the German Market. We developed an Information Based Return Model (IBRM) to analyse how information drive stock prices. We counted certain words within newspaper articles to understand their meaning. We analyse the impact of those word-clusters on different trading intervals. Our Information Based return Model shows that stock prices anticipate news from the non-trading time within the first minute of trading. We also analysed the time drifts between news release and personal reception. Our results show that the German Market anticipates new information as effectively as the US Market. 

Download Full-text

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE UNDER MULTI- THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE

IBT Journal of Business Studies ◽

10.46745/ilma.jbs.2016.12.02.05 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Hassan ◽

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Firm Performance ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Data Set ◽

Structural Variables ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

This study examines the impact of corporate governance reforms (SECP code in Pakistan) on board structural characteristics, board roles and firm performance. It uses an exclusive balanced panel data set of 200 companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. The study contributes to a sparse empirical literature on boards using data from Pakistan via multi-theoretic perspective to prove that if the boards’ monitoring and resource provision roles are strengthened through board restructuring, the financial performance of the organization will be strengthened. The main findings of the study indicate that the mediated relationship between board structural variables and firm performance is stronger. The study concludes that overall companies adopted a box-ticking approach for reporting corporate governance.

Download Full-text

Planning chemotherapy based schistosomiasis control: validation of a mathematical model using data on Schistosoma haematobium from Pemba, Tanzania

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268899003167 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 487-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M.-S. CHAN ◽

A. MONTRESOR ◽

L. SAVIOLI ◽

D. A. P. BUNDY

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Control Programme ◽

School Level ◽

Data Set ◽

Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽

Control Programmes ◽

United Republic Of Tanzania ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

A mathematical model, based on a deterministic differential equation framework, has been developed to predict the impact of community chemotherapy programmes for human schistosomiasis. Here, this model is validated using data collected from a long-term control programme for urinary schistosomiasis on the island of Pemba, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania, initiated in 1986 and still ongoing, in which schoolchildren were offered praziquantel chemotherapy every 6 months. Prevalence of infection and blood in urine were monitored in all the schools (total 26000 children from 60 schools) and more detailed data were collected in selected evaluation schools. Model predictions were run by using the initial prevalence as input. The predictions were very close to the observed decreases in prevalence and in prevalence of blood in urine. The correspondence improved further when the data were combined, going from single school level to district, and when the entire data set was combined. The accuracy of the predictions suggests that this model could be used as a tool to predict the consequences of chemotherapy control programmes. It is currently in press as a Windows software package under the name of ‘EpiSchisto’.

Download Full-text

Discrimination, Stress, and Health Across the Life Course

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1933 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 580-581

Author(s):

Roland Thorpe ◽

Carl Hill

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Health Disparities ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Course ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Using Data ◽

The Life Course ◽

The Impact ◽

Everyday Discrimination ◽

African American Health

Abstract There is a paucity of research that seeks to understand why race disparities in health across the life course remain elusive. Two such explanations that have been garnering attention is stress and discrimination. This symposium contains papers seeking to address the impact of discrimination or stress on African American health or health disparities across the life course. First, Nguyen and colleagues examine 1) the associations between discrimination and objective and subjective social isolation and 2) how these associations vary by age in using data from the National Survey of American Life. Discrimination was positively associated with being subjectively isolated from friends only and family only. This relationship varied by age. Discrimination did not predict objective isolation. Second, Brown examines evidence of the black-white paradox in anxiety and depressive symptoms among older adults using data from 6,019 adults ages 52+ from the 2006 HRS. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors, everyday discrimination, chronic conditions, and chronic stress, there are no black-white differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Third, Cobb and colleagues investigate the joint consequences of multiple dimensions of perceived discrimination on mortality risk using mortality data from the 2006-2016 HRS. The authors report the number of attributed reasons for everyday discrimination is a particularly salient risk factor for mortality in later life. This collection of papers provides insights into how discrimination or stress impacts African American health or health disparities in middle to late life.

Download Full-text

Life Course Pathways From Childhood SES to Age-Related Declines in Kidney Function Across Adulthood

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 832-832

Author(s):

Agus Surachman ◽

Alexis Santos ◽

Jonathan Daw ◽

Lacy Alexander ◽

Christopher Coe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Parental Education ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

The United States ◽

Age Related ◽

Using Data ◽

The Life Course ◽

The Impact

Abstract Age is a strong predictor of declines in kidney function across adulthood. Using data from 2,045 adults (ages 25-84) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, we examined the life course pathways through which low parental education, through adult SES and body mass index (BMI), was associated with faster age-related declines in kidney function. Kidney function declines by 0.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year across adulthood. Lower parental education, through adult SES and BMI, was associated with higher kidney function among younger adults (Est = -1.61, SE = 0.62, 95%CI = -2.62, -0.60), but lower kidney function among older adults (Est = 0.93, SE = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.11, 1.79). The impact of early socioeconomic adversity on kidney function is initiated by kidney hyperfiltration in early adulthood and followed by faster declines and development into disease state in later adulthood.

Download Full-text

Assessing the educational performance of different Brazilian school cycles using data science methods

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248525

Author(s):

Joyce de Souza Zanirato Maia ◽

Ana Paula Arantes Bueno ◽

João Ricardo Sato

Keyword(s):

School Performance ◽

Data Science ◽

School Structure ◽

Science Methods ◽

Data Set ◽

Good School ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Educational Indicators

Educational indicators are metrics that assist in assessing the quality of the educational system. They are often associated with economic and social factors suggested to contribute to good school performance, however there is no consensus on the impact of these factors. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the factors related to school performance. Using a data set composed by Brazilian schools’ performance (IDEB), socioeconomic and school structure variables, we generated different models. The non-linear model predicted the best performance, measured by the error and determination coefficient metrics. The heterogeneity of the importance of the variable between school cycles and regions of the country was detected, this effect may contribute to the development of public educational policies.

Download Full-text

Control Beliefs, Age, and Objectification Experiences in Younger and Older Women

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 56-56

Author(s):

Aurora Sherman

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Individual Variation ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Sexual Objectification ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Younger Women ◽

Age Related ◽

The Life Course ◽

Self Objectification

Abstract Control beliefs show age-related patterns; mastery decreases in adulthood, while constraints beliefs often increase. However, there is a great deal of individual variation. This paper addresses antecedents of control beliefs, with attention to experiences and beliefs related to sexual objectification, which have particular impact for women. In this study, younger women (N = 132, M = 20.93) and older women (N = 86, M = 67.83) were surveyed regarding their experiences with sexual objectification and constraints beliefs. Multiple regression analyses revealed higher self-objectification was associated with higher constraints (R2 = .09**) and lower mastery (R2 = .11**) but reports of body evaluation and sexual advances were not associated with control beliefs. Further, there were no interactions of either objectification scale with age. These results suggest that objectification may be an important part of the aging experience across the life course, not just in young adulthood.

Download Full-text

THE IMPACT OF AGING ATTITUDES AND CONTROL BELIEFS ON FUTURE SELF-VIEWS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igy023.2760 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 748-748

Author(s):

J Park ◽

E L O’Brien ◽

T M Hess

Keyword(s):

Control Beliefs ◽

Future Self ◽

Aging Attitudes ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

The mass, metabolism and length explanation can simultaneously calculate an animal’s mass and metabolic rate from its characteristic length

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2182v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charles C Frasier

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Rate ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Characteristic Length ◽

Large Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Mass Data ◽

Length Data ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

It is shown that the mass, metabolism and length explanation (MMLE) can simultaneously compute an animal’s body mass and BMR given its characteristic length using data for humans. MMLE was advanced in 1984 to explain the relationship between metabolic rate and body mass for birds and mammals. It was modernized in 2015 by explicitly treating dynamic similarity of mammals’ skeletal musculature and revising the treatment of BMR. Using two primary equations MMLE deterministically computes the absolute value of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and body mass for individual animals as functions of an individual animal’s characteristic length and sturdiness factor. The characteristic length is a measureable skeletal length associated with an animal’s means of propulsion. The sturdiness factor expresses how sturdy or gracile an animal is. Eight other parameters occur in the equations that vary little among animals in the same phylogenetic group. A mass and length data set with 575 entries from the orders Rodentia, Chiroptera, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Perissodactyla and Proboscidea and a BMR and mass data set with 436 entries from the orders Rodentia, Chiroptera, Artiodactyla and Carnivora were used to estimate values for the parameters occurring in the equations. With the estimated values MMLE can exactly compute every BMR and mass datum from the BMR and mass data set. Furthermore, MMLE can exactly compute every body mass datum from the mass and length data set. Since there is not a data set that simultaneously reports body mass, BMR and characteristic length for individual animals from the mammal orders that were analyzed it could not be determined whether or not MMLE could simultaneously compute both an animal’s BMR and body mass given its characteristic length. There are large data sets that report body mass, BMR and height for humans. A human’s characteristic length can be estimated from height. In this paper human data categorized by sex, age and body mass index (BMI) are used to show that MMLE can indeed simultaneously compute a human’s body mass and BMR given his or her characteristic length. The MMLE body mass equation is modified to explicitly address body fat because it appears that humans are fatter than other running/walking placental mammals. Differences in body fat seem to account for body mass and BMR sexual dimorphism among humans. The impact on BMR of the large and metabolically expensive human brain is addressed. Also mitochondria capability decline with age is addressed.

Download Full-text