scholarly journals Milk choices made by women: what influences them, and does it impact on calcium intake?

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Cashel ◽  
D Crawford ◽  
V Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo identify influences on type of milk consumed and the impact of milk choice on calcium intakes in Australian women of pre- and postmenopausal age.Design and settingQuestionnaires covering calcium intake, health-related dietary issues and priorities self-completed in a group setting.SubjectsA total of 300 women recruited from community groups and government departments.ResultsMean milk and calcium intake were higher in older (≥50 years) compared to younger women. Milk provided over 50% of calcium intake for both groups. Participants rated the importance of eating foods low in fat, energy or cholesterol, high in calcium or dietary fibre or of ‘limiting their intake of added sugar or sugary foods’. Younger and older women ranked eating foods low in fat as the most important food habit for their health, then ranked dietary fibre next in importance. Calcium ranked third for younger women, and fourth for older women. These rankings were reflected in the higher proportion of older women choosing fat-reduced milk in general, and skim milk in particular. This concern about eating foods low in fat was consistent with the choices made of skim, reduced fat/higher calcium or whole milk.ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that concerns about fat are prejudicing the type of milk and amount of calcium consumed. Public health strategies targeting calcium intake need to address age-related differences in quantity and type of milk consumed, including the food attribute conflicts influencing these.

scholarly journals All in this together? Austerity and the gender-age gap in the 2015 and 2017 British general elections

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sanders ◽  
Rosalind Shorrocks
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Impact

The 2010–2015 Conservative-led Coalition’s austerity policies hit women financially harder than men. However, contrary to expectations at the time, the Conservatives still gained more support from women than men on average in the 2015 general election. We examine the impact of austerity on vote choice in the 2015 and 2017 general elections through analysis of Labour and Conservative economic policy in conjunction with data from the British Election Study’s face-to-face post-election surveys. The expectation that women should be particularly anti-austerity and thus less supportive of the Conservative Party does hold for younger women, who were especially pessimistic relative to their male peers and older age groups about their living costs, household finances, the economy, and the National Health Service in both elections. However, this does not hold for older women, who were protected by the Coalition’s policies on pensions and were more similar to men in their assessment of their economic situation.

The Working Patterns and Retirement Plans of General Dental Practitioners in a Midlands Health Authority

2002 ◽  
Vol os9 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morris ◽  
Rachel Harrison ◽  
Martin Caswell ◽  
Howard Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The Impact

Introduction With the problems of access to NHS primary dental care services in the last few years attention has focused on manpower considerations for dentistry. Materials and Method This paper presents the results of a simple survey of general dental practitioners in South Staffordshire. Results The response rate was 88%. Most dentists (76%) reported working over 30 hours a week. A small number reported working more than 50 hours a week. Woman dentists were more likely to report working fewer than 31 hours a week. Younger male dentists tended to work longer hours than older male dentists, whereas younger women dentists tended to work fewer hours than older women. The reported retirement plans suggested that around 16% of dentists in their 40s and 50s were planning to retire before 60. Conclusion The findings add weight to the view that woman dentists tend to work fewer hours but studies of cohorts are required to examine the impact of premature retirement and the reasons behind this apparent gender difference.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Experiences With Social Distancing at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Computational and Content Analytic Investigation of Natural Language From a Social Media Survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C Moore ◽  
Angela Y Lee ◽  
Jeffrey T Hancock ◽  
Meghan C Halley ◽  
Eleni Linos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Guidance

BACKGROUND As COVID-19 poses different levels of threat to people of different ages, health communication regarding prevention measures such as social distancing and isolation may be strengthened by understanding the unique experiences of various age groups. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine how people of different ages (1) experienced the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) their respective rates and reasons for compliance or noncompliance with social distancing and isolation health guidance. METHODS We fielded a survey on social media early in the pandemic to examine the emotional impact of COVID-19 and individuals’ rates and reasons for noncompliance with public health guidance, using computational and content analytic methods of linguistic analysis. RESULTS A total of 17,287 participants were surveyed. The majority (n=13,183, 76.3%) were from the United States. Younger (18-31 years), middle-aged (32-44 years and 45-64 years), and older (≥65 years) individuals significantly varied in how they described the impact of COVID-19 on their lives, including their emotional experience, self-focused attention, and topical concerns. Younger individuals were more emotionally negative and self-focused, while middle-aged people were other-focused and concerned with family. The oldest and most at-risk group was most concerned with health-related terms but were lower in anxiety (use of fewer anxiety-related terms) and higher in the use of emotionally positive terms than the other less at-risk age groups. While all groups discussed topics such as acquiring essential supplies, they differentially experienced the impact of school closures and limited social interactions. We also found relatively high rates of noncompliance with COVID-19 prevention measures, such as social distancing and self-isolation, with younger people being more likely to be noncompliant than older people (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Among the 43.1% (n=7456) of respondents who did not fully comply with health orders, people differed substantially in the reasons they gave for noncompliance. The most common reason for noncompliance was not being able to afford to miss work (n=4273, 57.3%). While work obligations proved challenging for participants across ages, younger people struggled more to find adequate space to self-isolate and manage their mental and physical health; middle-aged people had more concerns regarding childcare; and older people perceived themselves as being able to take sufficient precautions. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of natural language can provide insight into rapidly developing public health challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic, uncovering individual differences in emotional experiences and health-related behaviors. In this case, our analyses revealed significant differences between different age groups in feelings about and responses to public health orders aimed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. To improve public compliance with health orders as the pandemic continues, health communication strategies could be made more effective by being tailored to these age-related differences.

scholarly journals YOU’LL SEE: YOUNGER RESEARCHERS INTERVIEWING OLDER PARTICIPANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S706-S707
Author(s):  
Sarah Jen ◽  
Yuanjin Zhou ◽  
Mijin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In qualitative research, similarities and differences between the participant and researcher influence the research process and dynamics. Specifically, the age difference between older participants and relatively younger qualitative researchers is a common, but under-examined dynamic requiring nuanced, reflexive analysis. Using a life course conceptual framing, this study explored age-related participant-researcher dynamics in interviews from two qualitative studies of older women’s sexual experiences in later life. Participants included 25 women whose ages ranged from 55 to 93 and both studies were completed by the same researcher, a relatively younger woman (age 23 and 28 at times of data collection). A thematic analysis revealed three primary themes: 1) taking care - participants took care of the researcher by offering advice, asking about the researcher’s life, and expressing hopes for a positive future, 2) expertise – varied expertise was demonstrated by the researcher (e.g. substantive and scholarly) and participants (e.g. life experience), and 3) researcher growth - the researcher’s interviewing tactics shifted between the two studies (e.g. use of validation rather than consolation in response to aging-related concerns), indicating a shift in perceptions of aging and later life. Findings indicate that older women participants and younger women researchers are bound together through the life course, by shared gendered experiences, the fact that one will eventually become the other, and the mutual sharing of expertise and caring. Gerontology researchers must actively reflect on the impact of their own identities and aging perceptions on the interviewing process in order to enhance rigor in qualitative research.

scholarly journals Sensory impairments and cognitive disorders in older age

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Logroscino ◽  
Francesco Panza
Keyword(s):  
Oldest Old ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
The Impact

Age-related and neuropathological changes in the olfactory, visual, auditory, and motor systems suggesting that sensory and motor changes may precede the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by several years and may signify increase the risk of developing AD. In particular, peripheral age-related hearing impairment and social isolation have been identified as potentially modifiable dementia risk factors. The impact of age-related hearing and vision impairments on cognition appeared to be especially important among the oldest old suggesting a strong link of these connections with frailty, a critical intermediate status of the aging process at higher risk for negative health-related outcomes. The link among age-related hearing and vision impairments and cognition suggested the potential for correcting hearing and vision losses so that older subjects can function better cognitively with improved social involvement, quality of life, and lifetime cognitive health.

scholarly journals Control Beliefs, Age, and Objectification Experiences in Younger and Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Aurora Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Sexual Objectification ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Self Objectification

Abstract Control beliefs show age-related patterns; mastery decreases in adulthood, while constraints beliefs often increase. However, there is a great deal of individual variation. This paper addresses antecedents of control beliefs, with attention to experiences and beliefs related to sexual objectification, which have particular impact for women. In this study, younger women (N = 132, M = 20.93) and older women (N = 86, M = 67.83) were surveyed regarding their experiences with sexual objectification and constraints beliefs. Multiple regression analyses revealed higher self-objectification was associated with higher constraints (R2 = .09**) and lower mastery (R2 = .11**) but reports of body evaluation and sexual advances were not associated with control beliefs. Further, there were no interactions of either objectification scale with age. These results suggest that objectification may be an important part of the aging experience across the life course, not just in young adulthood.

Estrogenic Regulation of Neuroprotection and Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke and Aging

2020 ◽  
pp. 416-432
Author(s):  
Farida Sohrabji ◽  
Shameena Bake ◽  
Amutha Selvamani
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Older Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Age Related Changes

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of mortality and the major cause of long-term disability in the United States. Epidemiological studies report sex differences in ischemic stroke occurrence, mortality and functional recovery. In younger demographics, the overall incidence of stroke is higher in men than younger women, but in the elderly population, stroke rates are higher in older women compared to age-matched men, indicating an interaction of age and sex as important modifiers of disease. The increased risk for stroke in older women is attributed to loss of ovarian hormones, principally estrogens. However, estrogen/estradiol therapy is not always neuroprotective for stroke, especially in aging populations. Age-related changes in central and peripheral immune cells and the blood–brain barrier may play a crucial role in modifying stroke outcomes and the effects of estrogens. This chapter discusses the role of estrogens as a stroke protectant in younger females in contrast to its anomalous effects in the aging brain. Furthermore, the chapter describes age-related changes in support cells in the brain and in the periphery and evaluates the evidence that age-associated inflammation underlies the switch in estrogens neuroprotective action in young females to its neurotoxic effects in older females.

Relationship of blood pressure, behavioral mood state, and physical activity following caffeine ingestion in younger and older women

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Arciero ◽  
Michael J. Ormsbee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related

The purpose of this study was to examine the age-related differences in blood pressure, heart rate, and behavioral mood state after caffeine ingestion in younger and older women. Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 10 younger (Y; 18–22 years) and 10 older (O; 50–67 years) healthy women who were moderate consumers of caffeine (self-reported mean intake: Y, 139 ± 152 mg·day–1; O, 204 ± 101 mg·day–1) were investigated. All volunteers were characterized for fasting plasma glucose, insulin, free-fatty acids and caffeine levels, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, physical activity, and energy intake. Before and after placebo and caffeine ingestion (5 mg·kg–1 fat-free mass; ~208–270 mg) test days, the following variables were measured in all subjects: plasma caffeine levels, heart rate, blood pressure, and behavioral mood state. Results showed that, following caffeine ingestion: (i) both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the older women (SBP, 128.4 ± 14.2 vs. 132.1 ± 13.0 mm Hg (3%); DBP, 80.2 ± 6.9 vs. 83.4 ± 7.5 mm Hg (4%), whereas only DBP increased in the youger women (67.1 ± 4.7 vs. 69.9 ± 5.4 mm Hg (4.2%); p < 0.05); (ii) heart rate decreased significantly (Y, 59.2 ± 8.7 to 53.9 ± 10.6 beats·min–1 (p < 0.05); O, 61.9 ± 9.2 to 59.2 ± 8.4 beats·min–1 (p < 0.05)) in both groups; and (iii) self-reported feelings of tension and vigor increased and feelings of fatigue decreased (p < 0.05) in younger women, whereas depression decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in older women. Self-reported level of physical activity was inversely related to change in DBP following caffeine ingestion in younger women. In conclusion, blood pressure response is augmented and subjective feelings of behavioral mood state are attenuated to a greater degree in older than in younger women following acute caffeine ingestion. Less physically active younger women are more vulnerable to the pressor response to caffeine than more active younger women. It should be noted that these findings are limited to moderate consumers of caffeine who abstained for 48 h prior to testing, and who ingested caffeine in pill form (~240 mg).

scholarly journals Sleep Characteristics According to Gender and Age Measured by Wrist Actigraphy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13213
Author(s):  
Katarína Kováčová ◽  
Katarína Stebelová
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The sleep/wake rhythm is one of the most important biological rhythms. Quality and duration of sleep change during lifetime. The aim of our study was to determine differences in sleep efficiency, movement, and fragmentation during sleep period between genders and according to age. Sleep period was monitored by wrist actigraphy under home-based conditions. Seventy-four healthy participants—47 women and 27 men participated in the study. The participants were divided by age into groups younger than 40 years and 40 years and older. Women showed lower sleep fragmentation and mobility during sleep compared to men. Younger women showed a higher actual sleep and sleep efficiency compared to older women and younger men. Younger men compared to older men had a significantly lower actual sleep, lower sleep efficiency and significantly more sleep and wake bouts. Our results confirmed differences in sleep parameters between genders and according to age. The best sleep quality was detected in young women, but gender differences were not apparent in elderly participants, suggesting the impact of sex hormones on sleep.

Age and gender interactions on verbal memory performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL H. KRAMER ◽  
KRISTINE YAFFE ◽  
JEANNE LENGENFELDER ◽  
DEAN C. DELIS
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Interactions

Age and gender effects on verbal episodic memory are well established. However, the possibility of interactions between age and gender has been raised by studies linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and by research suggesting gender differences in age-related cortical atrophy. We evaluated whether age by gender interactions in verbal memory were present. Subjects within three years of the median age of menopause were excluded from a large cohort of normal subjects, resulting in a younger sample (16–47 years) of 288 men and 285 women, and an older sample (55–89 years) of 201 men and 245 women. All subjects were administered the CVLT-2, a multiple-trial list-learning task. Verbal memory was negatively correlated with age for younger men, older men, and older women, but not for younger women. Multivariate analyses indicated age by gender interactions on memory for the younger group but not the older group. Results indicate that verbal memory declines with age for younger men but not younger women, whereas both older men and older women show age-related declines. These findings are consistent with hypotheses linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and with imaging data suggesting that age-related hippocampal atrophy is found in younger men but not younger women. The role of estrogen on cognition in normal aging warrants further study. (JINS, 2003, 9, 97–102.)

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