Cohort Differences in Self-Objectification

Abstract Sexual objectification socializes women to engage in self-objectification—the tendency to view one’s body as an object to be used by others and evaluating one’s value in terms of attractiveness to others (Noll & Fredrickson, 1998)—and leads to negative psychological consequences. As women age, their bodies move further away from the thin ideal (Guo, Zeller, Chumlea, & Siervogel; 1999) potentially making them more susceptible to body i concerns and dissatisfaction. However, may also begin using selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) strategies, countering the impacts of sexual objectification, and promoting successful aging. We compared self-objectification between women in early adulthood (N = 132, M = 20.93) and women in late middle age or late adulthood (N = 86, M = 67.83). Results showed that older women had significantly lower levels of self-objectification than younger women. Our findings support the idea the SOC strategies protect against the consequences of sexual objectification.

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Control Beliefs, Age, and Objectification Experiences in Younger and Older Women

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 56-56

Author(s):

Aurora Sherman

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Individual Variation ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Sexual Objectification ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Younger Women ◽

Age Related ◽

The Life Course ◽

Self Objectification

Abstract Control beliefs show age-related patterns; mastery decreases in adulthood, while constraints beliefs often increase. However, there is a great deal of individual variation. This paper addresses antecedents of control beliefs, with attention to experiences and beliefs related to sexual objectification, which have particular impact for women. In this study, younger women (N = 132, M = 20.93) and older women (N = 86, M = 67.83) were surveyed regarding their experiences with sexual objectification and constraints beliefs. Multiple regression analyses revealed higher self-objectification was associated with higher constraints (R2 = .09**) and lower mastery (R2 = .11**) but reports of body evaluation and sexual advances were not associated with control beliefs. Further, there were no interactions of either objectification scale with age. These results suggest that objectification may be an important part of the aging experience across the life course, not just in young adulthood.

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Age and Locus of Control among Women Food Preparers

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1989.65.1.227 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 227-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sandra S. Houts ◽

Rex H. Warland

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Older Women ◽

Middle Age ◽

Research Topic ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Control Scale ◽

Telephone Surveys ◽

Younger Women ◽

Unidimensional Scale ◽

Negative Linear Relationship

While it is theoretically plausible that locus of control and age are related, findings reported in the literature remain inconclusive. We suggest that the inconsistent results may be effects of differences in locus of control scale instruments used. For instance, will scales assuming multidimensionality of locus of control yield different results from scales assuming unidimensionality of the construct? Similarly, will scales that consist of general items produce results different from those scales that are research topic specific? Findings of two studies are reported. Both used locus of control scales specific to beliefs about food and health, but one was unidimensional, the other two-dimensional. Respondents in the two national telephone surveys were 406 and 461 women. The unidimensional scale produced a negative, linear relationship between age and locus of control: older women were more external than were younger women. In contrast, both dimensions of the two-dimensional scale formed quadratic relationships with age. The internal dimension showed internal beliefs increasing until age 60, then decreasing The relation between age and belief in powerful others/fate weakened until about age 50, then strengthened again. The latter findings suggest that, particularly in late middle age and on matters concerning food and health, internal and external beliefs are neither mutually exclusive nor necessarily inconsistent.

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How Sexual Objectification Generates Dehumanization in Western and Eastern Cultures

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000209 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 69-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Robin Wollast ◽

Elisa Puvia ◽

Philippe Bernard ◽

Passagorn Tevichapong ◽

Olivier Klein

Keyword(s):

Social Perception ◽

Past Research ◽

Objectification Theory ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

Sexual Objectification ◽

Intense Pain ◽

Eastern Cultures ◽

Theory Research ◽

Self Objectification ◽

Asian Sample

Abstract. Ever since Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) proposed objectification theory, research on self-objectification and – by extension – other-objectification has experienced a considerable expansion. However, most of the studies on sexual objectification have been conducted solely in Western populations. This study investigates whether the effect of target sexualization on social perception differs as a function of culture (Western vs. Eastern). Specifically, we asked a Western sample (Belgian, N = 62) and a Southeast Asian sample (Thai, N = 98) to rate sexualized versus nonsexualized targets. We found that sexual objectification results in dehumanization in both Western (Belgium) and Eastern (Thailand) cultures. Specifically, participants from both countries attributed less competence and less agency to sexualized than to nonsexualized targets, and they reported that they would administer more intense pain to sexualized than to nonsexualized targets. Thus, building on past research, this study suggests that the effect of target sexualization on dehumanization is a more general rather than a culture-specific phenomenon.

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Younger women fare better than older women with ovarian cancer

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e458582008-007 ◽

2006 ◽

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Older Women ◽

Younger Women ◽

Better Than

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Leisure time physical activity throughout adulthood is associated with lower medicare costs: evidence from the linked NIH-AARP diet and health study cohort

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e001038

Author(s):

Diarmuid Coughlan ◽

Pedro F Saint-Maurice ◽

Susan A Carlson ◽

Janet Fulton ◽

Charles E Matthews

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Healthcare Costs ◽

Middle Age ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Later Life ◽

Health Study ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Medicare Costs

BackgroundThere is limited information about the association between long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) participation and healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between LTPA over adulthood with later life healthcare costs in the USA.MethodsUsing Medicare claims data (between 1999 and 2008) linked to the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study, we examined associations between nine trajectories of physical activity participation throughout adulthood with Medicare costs.ResultsCompared with adults who were consistently inactive from adolescence into middle age, average annual healthcare costs were significantly lower for maintainers, adults who maintained moderate (–US$1350 (95% CI: –US$2009 to –US$690) or −15.9% (95% CI: −23.6% to −8.1%)) or high physical activity levels (–US$1200 (95% CI: –US$1777 to –US$622) or −14.1% (95% CI: −20.9% to −7.3%)) and increasers, adults who increased physical activity levels in early adulthood (–US$1874 (95% CI: US$2691 to –US$1057) or −22.0% (95% CI: −31.6% to −12.4%)) or in middle age (–US$824 (95% CI: –US$1580 to –US$69 or −9.7% (95% CI −18.6% to −0.8%)). For the four trajectories where physical activity decreased, the only significant difference was for adults who increased physical activity levels during early adulthood with a decline in middle age (–US$861 (95% CI:–US$1678 to –US$45) or −10.1% (95% CI: −19.7% to −0.5%)).ConclusionOur analyses suggest the healthcare cost burden in later life could be reduced through promotion efforts supporting physical activity participation throughout adulthood.

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Utilization of preimplantation genetic testing in the USA

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics ◽

10.1007/s10815-021-02078-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kaitlyn Roche ◽

Catherine Racowsky ◽

Joyce Harper

Keyword(s):

Genetic Testing ◽

Older Women ◽

State Level ◽

Oocyte Retrieval ◽

Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽

Annual Increase ◽

Younger Women ◽

Live Birth Rates ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Usa

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and live birth rates (LBR) in the USA from 2014 to 2017 and to understand how PGT is being used at a clinic and state level. Methods This study accessed SART data for 2014 to 2017 to determine LBR and the CDC for years 2016 and 2017 to identify PGT usage. Primary cycles included only the first embryo transfer within 1 year of an oocyte retrieval; subsequent cycles included transfers occurring after the first transfer or beyond 1 year of oocyte retrieval. Results In the SART data, the number of primary PGT cycles showed a significant monotonic annual increase from 18,805 in 2014 to 54,442 in 2017 (P = 0.042) and subsequent PGT cycles in these years increased from 2946 to 14,361 (P = 0.01). There was a significant difference in primary PGT cycle use by age, where younger women had a greater percentage of PGT treatment cycles than older women. In both PGT and non-PGT cycles, the LBR per oocyte retrieval decreased significantly from 2014 to 2017 (P<0001) and younger women had a significantly higher LBR per oocyte retrieval compared to older women (P < 0.001). The CDC data revealed that in 2016, just 53 (11.4%) clinics used PGT for more than 50% of their cycles, which increased to 99 (21.4%) clinics in 2017 (P< 0.001). Conclusions A growing number of US clinics are offering PGT to their patients. These findings support re-evaluation of the application for PGT.

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HIV MADE ME STRONGER: CONCEPTIONS OF SUCCESSFUL AGING AMONG OLDER WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2812 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S765-S765

Author(s):

Anna A Rubtsova ◽

Tonya Taylor ◽

Gina Wingood ◽

Igho Ofotokun ◽

Deborah Gustafson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Older Women ◽

Successful Aging ◽

Life Course Perspective ◽

Stable Phase ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Little is known about successful aging (SA) among older (50+) women living with HIV (OWLH). Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to examine subjective understandings of SA among OWLH. Participants were OWLH enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and those not enrolled in WIHS: 8 in Atlanta, GA (3 WIHS and 5 non-WIHS) and 9 in Brooklyn, NY (6 WIHS and 3 non-WIHS). Semi-structured interviews ranged from 30 to 120 minutes. Several themes emerged in participants’ definitions of SA, e.g. self-care, taking HIV medications, and being resilient (“HIV made me stronger”). Both WIHS and non-WIHS participants emphasized life course perspective in their definitions of SA -- women viewed their aging successful as a more stable phase of life in contrast to hardships they experienced while being younger (e.g., drug use, incarceration). Data collection efforts are ongoing and will allow further characterization of SA among this population.

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