Loneliness and Behavioral Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Concerns for the health impact of loneliness, a risk factor for morbidity and mortality, have risen amid the COVID-19 pandemic. However, relationships between loneliness and behavioral changes remains unclear. Utilizing data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study COVID-19 Supplement, we examine the cross-sectional relationship between loneliness and self-reported increase in each of the following behaviors during the pandemic (n=2,924): walking, vigorous activity, eating, use of alcohol and tobacco, watching television and sleeping. Adjusting for age, race, education, activity of daily living limitations, and chronic conditions, loneliness was significantly associated with a higher odds of more eating (odds ratio- OR: 1.42, confidence intervals-CI: 1.24,1.62), sleeping (OR: 1.35, CI: 1.18,1.56), and watching television (OR: 1.45, CI: 1.30,1.61). These results indicate that during stressful times like our current pandemic, loneliness may lead to morbidity and mortality through sedentary behaviors.

Download Full-text

The Difference of Barthel Index Score Based on Stroke Severity, Weakness Side, and Onset of Physiotherapy in Ischemic Stroke Patients at Atma Jaya Hospital

Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation ◽

10.36803/ijpmr.v6i02.157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Agustina Novita Putri Soegiarto ◽

Linda Suryakusuma ◽

Jane Pelealu

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Barthel Index ◽

Daily Living ◽

Index Score ◽

Stroke Severity ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Barthel Index Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stroke Registry

Background: Stroke is the third cause of disability that can affect the Activity of Daily Living (ADL). Ischemicstroke had higher incidence compared to hemorrhagic strokes. Rehabilitation in the form of physiotherapy canreduce the level of ADL dependencies, that is be measured by Barthel Index Score. Stroke severity, weaknessside, and physiotherapy onset can be factors that influence the success of physiotherapy to reducing the levelof ADL dependencies.Methods:A descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional design in ischemic stroke patients using secondarydata from the Stroke Registry and medical records at Atma Jaya Hospital for the period of January 2016 toDecember 2017. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square.Results: Study on 110 subjects, consisted of 62 men(56.4%), aged divided by under of 58 years, and above of 58years were 52(47.3%) and 58 (52.7%). While subjects divided by stroke severity, i.e. minor, moderate, moderateto severe, and severe; 44 (40%), 58 (52.7%), 5 (4.5%), and 3 (2.7%) respectively. There were 77 participants(70%) had right side weakness and 33 participants (30%) were left side weakness. The changes of Barthel Indexof ADL score, were 73 (66.4%) improvement, 6 (5.5%) deterioration, and 31 (28.2%) remained. The study hasshown relationship between severity of stroke (p=0.008), weakness side (p=0.000), and physiotherapy onset(p=0.039) with the changes of Barthel Indexscore after treatment.Conclusion: There was a relationship between stroke severity, the weakness side of stroke, and physiotherapyonset with the better result of Barthel Index of ADL score after the physiotherapy.Keywords: Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Barthel Index, ischemic stroke, physiotherapy onset, stroke severity,Weakness side

Download Full-text

Relationship between activity of daily living and asteatosis in the lower legs among elderly residents in long-term care institutions: a cross-sectional study

International Wound Journal ◽

10.1111/iwj.12169 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 586-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gojiro Nakagami ◽

Nao Kimura ◽

Kimie Takehara ◽

Tetsuro Nakamura ◽

Makoto Kawashima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Daily Living ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Term Care

Download Full-text

Correlations of apathy with clinical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and olfactory dysfunctions: a cross-sectional study

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-020-01978-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shu-yang Yu ◽

Teng-hong Lian ◽

Peng Guo ◽

Li-xia Li ◽

Du-yu Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Daily Living ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Apathy is one of the most common symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however, correlations of apathy with demographic variables, cognitive functions, neuropsychiatric symptoms, activity of daily living and olfactory functions in AD patients are still lacking comprehensive investigations. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Total 124 typical AD patients were consecutively recruited from April 2014 to April 2017. In 124 AD patients, 47 cases (37.9%) were male and 77 cases were female; patients’ age were 43–93 years with an average of 68 years. Patients were divided into AD with apathy (AD-A) and AD with no apathy (AD-NA) groups according to the score of Modified Apathy Evaluation Scale, then were evaluated cognitive functions, neuropsychiatric symptoms and activity of daily living, and tested olfactory functions. Above variables were compared between AD-A and AD-NA groups. Further correlation analyses and linear regression analysis were performed between apathy and above variables. Results Compared with AD-NA group, global cognitive level, verbal memory, verbal fluency and activity of daily living were significantly compromised in AD-A group (P < 0.002); depression and agitation were severely displayed in AD-A group (P < 0.002). Apathy was negatively correlated with global cognitive function, verbal memory, verbal fluency and activity of daily living (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of olfactory functions between the two groups (P > 0.002), and correlations between apathy and olfactory threshold, olfactory identification and global olfactory function were significant (P < 0.05) but quite weak (|r| < 0.3). Further linear regression analysis showed that only verbal fluency and instrumental activities of daily living were independently associated with apathy. Conclusions Independent correlations among apathy, verbal fluency and instrumental activities of daily living in AD patients might be related to the common brain area involved in their pathogeneses.

Download Full-text

Obesity Is Less Frequently Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 367 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amelia Nur Vidyanti ◽

Muhammad Hardhantyo ◽

Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽

Astuti Prodjohardjono ◽

Chaur-Jong Hu

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Daily Living ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Middle Income Countries

Obesity is one of the factors associated with cognitive impairment. However, obesity may differently affect cognitive function in different age groups, and scarce data are available from low- and middle-income countries. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the association between obesity and cognitive impairment among 143 elderly individuals in Yogyakarta. We recorded the sociodemographic factors and some comorbidities, also measured the body mass index as a parameter of obesity, cognitive function using Montreal Cognitive Assessment—Indonesia, mood condition and depression status using geriatric depression scale-short form, as well as the daily life function using Activity of Daily Living and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living. After adjustment for the sociodemographic and comorbidities, we found that subjects with older age were more likely to have cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] 3.544, 95%CI: 1.36–9.22, p < 0.01) and compared with elderly individuals with normal weight, obese elderly individuals were 40% less likely to have cognitive impairment (OR 0.604, 95%CI: 0.39–0.95, p < 0.05). This study suggests that obesity in elderly individuals is less frequently associated with cognitive impairment. These findings support the reverse causation mechanism related to body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment in low/middle-income countries.

Download Full-text

Cross-sectional analysis of self-reported sedentary behaviors and chronic knee pain among South Korean adults over 50 years of age in KNHANES 2013-2015

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7653-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sook-Hyun Lee ◽

Chihyoung Son ◽

Sujung Yeo ◽

In-Hyuk Ha

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Knee Pain ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Level ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Knee Pain

Abstract Background An increasing amount of evidence supports an association between sedentary behaviors and chronic knee pain. However, the association between the total daily duration of sedentary behavior and chronic knee pain in the general population remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the association between sedentary behavior and chronic knee pain in a study population representative of the general Korean population aged > 50 years while also considering the physical activity or body mass index (BMI). Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI) of 2013–2015, which was completed by 22,948 Korean adult participants aged > 50 years. The participants were divided into two groups based on the status of the chronic knee pain. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression after adjustment for age, sex, and individual factors. Results Longer sedentary behavior was correlated with chronic knee pain (p for trend = 0.02). Sedentary behavior exceeding 10 h/day was significantly associated with chronic knee pain (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28; p = 0.03). Participants with high levels of physical activity were less likely to suffer from chronic knee pain (adjusted odds ratio, 0.78; p = 0.00), and women with over 10 daily hours of sedentary behavior with high levels of physical activity were more likely to have chronic knee pain. A significant association was noted between chronic knee pain and obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) individuals (adjusted odds ratio, 3.48; p = 0.04). Conclusions Longer duration of sedentary behaviors was correlated with chronic knee pain. Our study suggests the need to encourage reductions in overall sedentary behavior to < 10 h daily. A high physical activity level is recommended, particularly for women > 50 years and those with obesity.

Download Full-text

Association of multimorbidity with higher levels of urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study of 23 089 individuals aged ≥15 years residing in Spain

British Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3399/bjgp20x713921 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (702) ◽

pp. e71-e77

Author(s):

Louis Jacob ◽

Guillermo Felipe López-Sánchez ◽

Hans Oh ◽

Jae Il Shin ◽

Igor Grabovac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Marital Status ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

National Health Survey ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Prevalence

BackgroundOne can assume a relatively high prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in people with multimorbidity. However, literature in this area is scarce. There is a need for further robust research to aid GPs to identify patients at a particular risk for UI, and to initiate the early treatment and multidisciplinary management of this condition.AimTo examine the association between multimorbidity and UI in 23 089 individuals aged ≥15 years and residing in Spain.Design and settingThis study used data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017, a cross-sectional sample of 23 089 participants aged ≥15 years residing in Spain (54.1% female; mean [standard deviation] age = 53.4 [18.9] years).MethodUI and 30 other physical and mental chronic conditions were self-reported. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of ≥2 physical and/or mental chronic conditions (excluding UI). Control variables included sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between multimorbidity and UI.ResultsThe prevalence of UI was 5.9% in this sample. UI was more frequent in the presence than in the absence of each one of the 30 chronic conditions (P<0.001). The proportion of people with UI was also higher in the multimorbidity than in the no-multimorbidity group (9.8% versus 0.7%, P<0.001). After adjusting for several potential confounders (that is, sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, and alcohol), there was a significant and positive relationship between multimorbidity and UI (odds ratio = 5.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.89 to 6.59, P<0.001).ConclusionIn this large sample of Spanish individuals aged ≥15 years, suffering from multimorbidity was associated with a significantly higher level of UI.

Download Full-text

GAMBARAN TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN LANSIA DALAM PEMENUHAN ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIVING (ADL) DI ROJINHOME THINSAGUNO IE ITOMAN OKINAWA JEPANG

Jurnal Ilmiah Pamenang ◽

10.53599/jip.v3i2.82 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Nanjar Widiastuti ◽

Tri Sumarni ◽

Reni Dwi Setyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

Barthel Index ◽

Daily Living ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Elderly ◽

Care Plan ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Term Care ◽

Age Range

Abstrak Activity of daily living (ADL) adalah aktivitas pokok bagi perawatan diri. Activity of daily living meliputi antara lain: ke toilet, makan, berpakaian (berdandan), mandi, dan berpindah tempat. Pengkajian ADL penting untuk mengetahui tingkat ketergantungan lansia dalam rangka menetapkan level bantuan bagi lansia tersebut dan untuk menyusun rencana perawatan jangka panjang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kemandirian lansia dalam pemenuhan ADL yang tinggal di rojinhome Thinsaguno Ie Itoman Okinawa Jepang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh lansia di rojinhome Thinsaguno Ie Itoman Okinawa Jepang sejumlah 34 responden. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah lembar checklist Barthel Index. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data univariat yang ditampilkan dalam distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata umur yaitu 83,23 tahun dan paling dominan pada rentang umur old (75-90 tahun) yaitu 70,6%. Jenis kelamin sebagian besar perempuan yaitu 64,7%, tingkat kemandirian sedang dalam ADL yaitu 38,2%. Tingkat kemandirian lansia berdasarkan umur paling dominan pada rentang umur old (75-90 tahun) dengan tingkat kemandirian sedang (29,4%). Tingkat kemandirian lansia berdasarkan jenis kelamin paling dominan pada jenis kelamin perempuan dengan ketergantungan sedang (23,5%). Kata kunci: lansia, activity of daily living, tingkat kemandiria Abstract Activity of daily living (ADL) is a staple activity for self-care. Activity of daily living includes, among others: toileting, eating, dressing, showering, and moving places. ADL assessment is important to determine the level of dependence of the elderly in order to determine the level of assistance for the elderly and to develop a long-term care plan. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of independence of the elderly in fulfilling the ADL at rojinhome of Thinsaguno Ie Itoman Okinawa, Japan. The type of this research is descriptive observational with cross sectional approach. The sample in this research were all 34 elderly people at rojinhome Thinsaguno Ie Itoman Okinawa Japan. Determination of the sample using total sampling technique. The measuring instrument used is the Barthel Index checklist sheet. This study uses univariate data analysis which is displayed in the frequency distribution. The results showed that the average age was 83.23 years and the most dominant in the old age range (75-90 years) was 70.6%. The gender of most of the women was 64.7%, the level of independence was moderate in ADL, namely 38.2%. The level of elderly independence based on age is the most dominant in the old age range (75-90 years) with a moderate level of independence (29.4%). The level of independence of the elderly based on sex was the most dominant in the female sex with moderate dependence (23.5%). Keywords: elderly, activity of daily living, level of independence

Download Full-text

Dukungan keluarga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan activity of daily living pada pasien pasca stroke

Riset Informasi Kesehatan ◽

10.30644/rik.v8i1.221 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Dasuki Dasuki ◽

Sri Aprianti Hartini

Keyword(s):

Daily Living ◽

P Value ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Stroke merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang perlu diperhatikan karena angka prevalensinya yang tinggi dan akibat jangka panjang yang ditimbulkan. Stroke menimbulkan beberapa dampak yaitu menimbulkan kecacatan yang dapat mempengaruhi atau mengganggu seseorang dalam melakukan activity of daily living (ADL) sehingga dibutuhkan dukungan keluarga agar pasien stroke dapat melakukan aktivitas sehari-harinya. Oleh karena itu, peneliti melakukan penelitian tentang hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kemandirian activity of daily living pada pasien pasca stroke. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh penderita stroke yang berobat di ruang poli saraf, sampel yang diambil sebanyak 86 pasien pasca stroke. Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang poli saraf RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi pada 03 – 22 Desember 2018 dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan Chi square. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis univariat dari 86 responden, didapatkan hasil dukungan keluarga baik sebanyak 48 responden (55,8%) dan kemandirian activity of daily living terbanyak yaitu tingkat ketergantungan sedang sebanyak 66 responden (76,7%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan kemandirian activity of daily living dengan nilai p-value = 0,026 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan kemandirian activity of daily living. Kata kunci : Stroke, Keluarga, Activity of Daily Living

Download Full-text

Psychosocial Well-Being Associated With Activity of Daily Living Stages Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1177/2333721417700011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 233372141770001 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ling Na ◽

Joel E. Streim

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Social Life ◽

Daily Living ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Latent Factor Models

Objectives: Activity of daily living (ADL) stages demonstrated ordered associations with risk of chronic conditions, hospitalization, nursing home use, and mortality among community-living elderly. This article explores the association of stages with psychosocial well-being. We hypothesized that higher ADL stages (greater ADL limitation) are associated with more restricted social networks, less perceived social support, greater social isolation, and poorer mental health. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project ( N = 3,002) were analyzed in regression models and latent factor models. Results: Although ADL stages had a nearly monotonic relationship with most mental health measures (e.g., Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), only the complete limitation stage (Stage IV) showed significant disadvantage in the majority of social network measures. Discussion: The study may aid clinicians and policy makers to better understand the social and mental health needs of older adults at different ADL stages and provide well-planned social and mental health care.

Download Full-text

Self-reported activities of daily living, health and quality of life among older adults in South Africa and Uganda: a cross sectional study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01809-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sanni Yaya ◽

Dina Idriss-Wheeler ◽

N’doh Ashken Sanogo ◽

Maude Vezina ◽

Ghose Bishwajit

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

South Africa ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Daily Living ◽

Good Health ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reported Health

Abstract Background Difficulties in performing the activities of daily living (ADL) are common among middle-aged and older adults. Inability to perform the basic tasks as well as increased healthcare expenditure and dependence on care can have debilitating effects on health and quality of life. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL), health and quality of life among community-dwelling, older population in South Africa and Uganda. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on 1495 men and women from South Africa (n = 514) and Uganda (n = 981) which were extracted from the SAGE Well-Being of Older People Study (WOPS 2011–13). Outcome variables were self-reported health and quality of life (QoL). Difficulty in ADL was assessed by self-reported answers on 12 different questions covering various physical and cognitive aspects. The association between self-reported health and quality of life with ADL difficulties was calculated by using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Overall percentage of good health and good quality of life was 40.4% and 20%, respectively. The percentage of respondents who had 1–3, 3–6, > 6 ADL difficulties were 42.4%7, 30.97% and 14.85%, respectively. In South Africa, having > 6 ADL difficulties was associated with lower odds of good health among men [Odds ratio = 0.331, 95%CI = 0.245,0.448] and quality of life among men [Odds ratio = 0.609, 95%CI = 0.424,0.874] and women [Odds ratio = 0.129, 95%CI = 0.0697,0.240]. In Uganda, having > 6 ADL difficulties was associated lower odds of good health [Odds ratio = 0.364, 95%CI = 0.159,0.835] and quality of life [Odds ratio = 0.584, 95%CI = 0.357,0.954]. Conclusion This study concludes that difficulty in ADL has a significant negative association with health and quality of life among community-dwelling older population (> 50 years) in South Africa and Uganda. The sex differences support previous findings on differential health outcomes among men and women, and underline the importance of designing sex-specific health intervention programs.

Download Full-text