scholarly journals Allostatic Load Following Short-Term Intervention: Cognition in Older Hypertensive Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1032-1033
Author(s):  
Anthony Cirilo ◽  
Jordan Kohn ◽  
Gavrila Ang ◽  
Meredith Pung ◽  
Emily Troyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention

Abstract Allostatic load (AL), a measure of cumulative effect of prolonged stressors across physiological systems, is consistently associated with adverse health outcomes. Greater AL is correlated with functional decline in aging, but effects of behavioral interventions, such as Tai Chi (TC), on AL in older adults in a short-term is unknown. To investigate the effects of TC practice on AL and cognitive function and an AL-cognition relationship, older adults (60-95 years) with hypertension were recruited and randomly assigned to 12-week TC or Healthy Aging Practice-centered Education (HAP-E) classes. The AL index (ALI) included: SBP and DBP; urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine; plasma inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6); metabolic biomarkers (HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c); and BMI. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was administered to assess cognitive function. Generalized linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for age, race, education, and intervention attendance, was used. Pre- and post-intervention ALI did not change significantly in TC (2.61 (1.48) to 2.76 (1.62)) or HAP-E (2.84 (1.61) to 2.66 (1.86)). High ALI was associated with lower MoCA scores, indicating poorer cognitive performance (IRR=0.96; 95% CI: 0.93-0.98; p=0.002) across the time points. Of note, the MoCA scores did not significantly change across time (25.4 (3.2) to 26.0 (3.0)). 12-week TC or HAP-E interventions did not lead to a significant change in ALI or cognitive performance in our population. However, our findings show greater AL theoretically attributed to chronic stress is associated with cognitive functioning in older adults consistently over about 4 months.

Characteristics of Healthy Older Adults that Influence Self-rated Cognitive Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce P. Mulligan ◽  
Colette M. Smart ◽  
Sidney J. Segalowitz ◽  
Stuart W.S. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Function

AbstractObjectives: We sought to clarify the nature of self-reported cognitive function among healthy older adults by considering the short-term, within-person association (coupling) of subjective cognitive function with objective cognitive performance. We expected this within-person coupling to differ between persons as a function of self-perceived global cognitive decline and depression, anxiety, or neuroticism. Methods: This was an intensive measurement (short-term longitudinal) study of 29 older adult volunteers between the ages of 65 and 80 years without an existing diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Baseline assessment included neuropsychological testing and self-reported depression, anxiety, and neuroticism, as well as self- and informant-reported cognitive decline (relative to 10 years previously). Intensive within-person measurement occasions included subjective ratings of cognitive function paired with performance on a computerized working memory (n-back) task; each participant attended four or five assessments separated by intervals of at least one day. Statistical analysis was comprised of multilevel linear regression. Results: Comparison of models suggested that both neuroticism and self-rated cognitive decline explained unique variance in the within-person, across-occasion coupling of subjective cognitive function with objective working memory performance. Conclusions: Self-ratings of cognition may accurately reflect day-to-day variations in objective cognitive performance among older adults, especially for individuals lower in neuroticism and higher in self-reported cognitive decline. Clinicians should consider these individual differences when determining the validity of complaints about perceived cognitive declines in the context of otherwise healthy aging. (JINS, 2018, 24, 57–66)

scholarly journals Music-Based Intervention Connects Auditory and Reward Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Aiello Quinci ◽  
Alexander Belden ◽  
Valerie Goutama ◽  
Dayang Gong ◽  
Suzanne Hanser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Reward Systems ◽  
Post Intervention

Abstract Listening to pleasurable music is known to engage the brain’s reward system. This has motivated many cognitive-behavioral interventions for healthy aging, but little is known about the effects of music-based intervention (MBI) on plasticity of the cognitive and reward systems. Here we show preliminary evidence that brain network connectivity can change after receptive MBI in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Using a combination of whole-brain regression, seed-based connectivity analysis, and representational similarity analysis (RSA), we examined fMRI responses during music listening in older adults before and after an eight-week personalized MBI. Participants rated self-selected and researcher-selected musical excerpts on liking and familiarity. Parametric effects of liking, familiarity, and selection showed simultaneous activation in auditory, reward, and default mode network (DMN) areas. Seed-based connectivity comparing pre- and post-intervention showed significant increase in functional connectivity between auditory regions and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); this auditory-mPFC connectivity was modulated by participant liking and familiarity ratings. RSA showed significant representations of selection and novelty at both time-points, and an increase in striatal representation of musical stimuli following intervention. Taken together, results show how regular music listening can provide an auditory channel towards the mPFC, thus offering a potential neural mechanism for MBI supporting healthy aging.

scholarly journals Daily social interactions related to daily performance on mobile cognitive tests among older adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256583
Author(s):  
Ruixue Zhaoyang ◽  
Stacey B. Scott ◽  
Lynn M. Martire ◽  
Martin J. Sliwinski
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Tests

The lack of social contact or good social relationships has been linked with cognitive decline and higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. One important but unexamined question is how daily social interactions relate to older adults’ cognitive function in daily life. The present study examined how changes in daily social interactions related to fluctuations in older adults’ performance on mobile cognitive tests from day to day. Using an ecological momentary assessments approach, 312 older adults (aged 70 to 90 years) completed surveys on social interactions and mobile cognitive tests five times a day for 16 consecutive days using smartphones. Multilevel modeling was used for analyses. Results demonstrated that having more daily social interactions, especially more pleasant social interactions, related to better cognitive performance the same day and over the subsequent two days. Cognitive performance, however, did not predict subsequent changes in social interactions across days. At the between-person level, older adults who had more (vs. less) frequent interactions with close partners on average, especially with their friends, had better cognitive performance. Finally, the average levels of social interactions also moderated the within-person associations between daily social interactions and the same-day cognitive performance. In sum, results from this study highlight the importance of having pleasant social interactions and frequent interactions with friends for older adults’ cognitive function in daily life, and have important implications for future behavioral interventions targeting certain features of daily social interactions to reduce risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.

scholarly journals Association of AKAP6 and MIR2113 with cognitive performance in a population based sample of older adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shea J. Andrews ◽  
Debjani Das ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Simon Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Cognitive Domains

AbstractGenetic factors make a substantial contribution to inter-individual variability in cognitive function. A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identified two loci, AKAP6 and MIR2113 that are associated with general cognitive function. Here, we extend this previous research by investigating the association of MIR2113 and AKAP6 with baseline and longitudinal nonlinear change across a broad spectrum of cognitive domains in community-based cohort of 1,570 older adults without dementia. Two SNPs, MIR211-rs10457441 and AKAP6-rs17522122 were genotyped in 1,570 non-demented older Australians of European ancestry, who were examined up to 4 times over 12 years. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the association between AKAP6 and MIR2113 with cognitive performance in episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary, perceptual speed and reaction time at baseline and with linear and quadratic rates of change. AKAP6-rs17522122*T was associated with worse baseline performance in episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary and perceptual speed, but it was not associated with cognitive change in any domain. MIR2113-rs10457441*T was associated with accelerated decline in episodic memory. No other associations with baseline cognitive performance or with linear or quadratic rate or cognitive changes was observed for this SNP. These results confirm the previous finding that, AKAP6 is associated with performance across multiple cognitive domains at baseline but not with cognitive decline, while MIR2113 primarily affects the rate at which memory declines over time.

scholarly journals Benefits of a Short-Term Obesity Reduction Intervention Among Obese Older Adults with Prediabetes: Preliminary Evidence by Race (Black/White) from the EGGSPDITe Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1662-1662
Author(s):  
Marshall Miller ◽  
Michael Borack ◽  
Jamie Rincker ◽  
Shelley McDonald ◽  
Kathryn Porter Starr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Time Interaction

Abstract Objectives Obesity rates in older adults are rapidly climbing, especially in older African Americans, for whom it hastens functional decline and intensifies chronic health conditions like Type 2 diabetes more so than in their white counterparts. Emerging evidence suggest that increased protein intake can enhance the benefits of intentional weight loss but it is not yet known whether these effects are consistent across race. Methods The ongoing EGGSPDITe trial assess the effects of combining generous intakes of high quality animal protein (≥30 g/meal; primarily from eggs) with calorie restriction, relative to calorie restricted alone, on insulin resistance and weight loss among black and white older adults with prediabetes who are participating in this 4-month obesity reduction intervention. Results Preliminary combined-group analysis reveals significant reductions in body weight (–9.7 ± 7.6 kg), body fat (–8.1 ± 7.6 kg), and HbA1c (–0.2 ± 0.3%) and significant improvement in SF-36 physical and mental health composites (+10.8 and + 4.8, respectively; Ps < 0.01) at 4 months, relative to baseline. Significant improvements in 6-minute walk distance and 8-foot up and go (Ps ≤ 0.05) at 4 months; however, a significant race x time interaction (P < 0.05) reveals that improvements in 30-second chair stands improved among white but not black participants (+2.4 vs 0.4 stands, respectively). No other significant differences were observed between older black and white pre-diabetics. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that even short-term obesity reduction intervention can improve the body composition, metabolism, and self-reported health of obese older adults with prediabetes but responses may vary by race for some outcomes. Funding Sources This study was funded by the National Institute on Aging and the Egg Nutrition Council.

Short-term functional decline of older adults admitted for suspected sepsis

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Meurer ◽  
Eve D. Losman ◽  
Barbara L. Smith ◽  
Preeti N. Malani ◽  
John G. Younger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Suspected Sepsis

Social Resources, Health, and Cognitive Performance in a Population-based Study of Older Adults: The Charlotte County Healthy Aging Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S103
Author(s):  
Tiffany F. Hughes ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Brent J. Small ◽  
Amy R. Borenstein ◽  
James A. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Aging Study

scholarly journals Short-term longitudinal trends in cognitive performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley L. Fischer ◽  
Cindy M. de Frias ◽  
Sophie E. Yeung ◽  
Roger A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Retrospective Attention in Short-Term Memory Has a Lasting Effect on Long-Term Memory Across Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Strunk ◽  
Lauren Morgan ◽  
Sarah Reaves ◽  
Paul Verhaeghen ◽  
Audrey Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Objectives Declines in both short- and long-term memory are typical of healthy aging. Recent findings suggest that retrodictive attentional cues (“retro-cues”) that indicate the location of to-be-probed items in short-term memory (STM) have a lasting impact on long-term memory (LTM) performance in young adults. Whether older adults can also use retro-cues to facilitate both STM and LTM is unknown. Method Young and older adults performed a visual STM task in which spatially informative retro-cues or noninformative neutral-cues were presented during STM maintenance of real-world objects. We tested participants’ memory at both STM and LTM delays for objects that were previously cued with retrodictive or neutral-cues during STM order to measure the lasting impact of retrospective attention on LTM. Results Older adults showed reduced STM and LTM capacity compared to young adults. However, they showed similar magnitude retro-cue memory benefits as young adults at both STM and LTM delays. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate whether retro-cues in STM facilitate the encoding of objects into LTM such that they are more likely to be subsequently retrieved by older adults. Our results support the idea that retrospective attention can be an effective means by which older adults can improve their STM and LTM performance, even in the context of reduced memory capacity.

The Immediate and Delayed Effects of an Acute Bout of Exercise on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Barella ◽  
Jennifer L. Etnier ◽  
Yu-Kai Chang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Delayed Effects

Research on the acute effects of exercise on cognitive performance by older adults is limited by a focus on nonhealthy populations. Furthermore, the duration of cognitive improvements after exercise has not been examined. Thus, this study was designed to test the immediate and delayed effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance of healthy older adults. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Stroop task. Participants were randomly assigned to an exercise (20 min of walking) or control (sitting quietly) condition. The Stroop task was administered at baseline and at 12 time points after treatment. Acute exercise resulted in better Stroop test performance immediately postexercise; however, the effects were limited to the color test. No effects of exercise on performance were observed for the Stroop interference or inhibition tests. Findings suggest that acute exercise performed by healthy older adults has short-term benefits for speed of processing but does not affect other types of cognitive functioning.

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