scholarly journals The Relationship Between Prior Cancer Diagnosis and All-Cause Dementia Progression Among U.S. Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Fowler ◽  
Nicole Wright ◽  
Kristen Triebel ◽  
Gabrielle Rocque ◽  
Ryan Irvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Common Effect ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cancer-related cognitive impairment is a common effect of cancer that shares symptoms with dementia. Only one study examined cancer’s longitudinal association with dementia. This analysis expands to a larger clinical sample. Electronic health record data were extracted from July 2003-February 2020. Baseline cognition/progression on the Alabama Brief Cognitive Screener (ABCs) by cancer history were assessed using linear mixed effects models, with interaction by race. After adjustment for demographics/socioeconomics, those with cancer history had higher baseline cognition (⃞: 1.49 [0.91-2.07]), and declined slower (⃞: 0.40 [0.08-0.71]) than those without. Health behaviors/comorbidities attenuated this association. Non-Hispanic Blacks with cancer history demonstrated lower cognition throughout follow-up compared to non-Hispanic Whites / other race/ethnicities with cancer history and participants without cancer history. Health behaviors/comorbidities confound and race modifies the relationship between cancer and dementia. Exploring the role of health behaviors/comorbidities on this association and causes of racial disparities is needed.

External Investigators' Follow-Up Intentions When Whistleblowers Report Healthcare Fraud: The Effects of Report Anonymity and Previous Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Steven E. Kaplan ◽  
Danny Lanier ◽  
Kelly R. Pope ◽  
Janet A. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Medical Provider ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Investigation

ABSTRACT Whistleblowing reports, if properly investigated, facilitate the early detection of fraud. Although critical, investigation-related decisions represent a relatively underexplored component of the whistleblowing process. Investigators are responsible for initially deciding whether to follow-up on reports alleging fraud. We report the results of an experimental study examining the follow-up intentions of highly experienced healthcare investigators. Participants, in the role of an insurance investigator, are asked to review a whistleblowing report alleging billing fraud occurring at a medical provider. Thus, participants are serving as external investigators. In a between-participant design, we manipulate the report type and whether the caller previously confronted the wrongdoer. We find that compared to an anonymous report, a non-anonymous report is perceived as more credible and follow-up intentions stronger. We also find that perceived credibility fully mediates the relationship between report type and follow-up intentions. Previous confrontation is not significantly associated with either perceived credibility or follow-up intentions. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.

scholarly journals Tipranavir (TPV) Genotypic Inhibitory Quotient Predicts Virological Response at 48 Weeks to TPV-Based Salvage Regimens

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gonzalez de Requena ◽  
Stefano Bonora ◽  
Andrea Calcagno ◽  
Antonio D'Avolio ◽  
Marco Siccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virological Response ◽  
Protease Gene ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Count Increase ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT The virological response (VR) to a tipranavir-ritonavir (TPV-RTV)-based regimen had been shown to be associated with a number of mutations in the protease gene, the use of enfuvirtide (T20), and the TPV phenotypic inhibitory quotient (IQ). The role of the TPV genotypic IQ (gIQ) has not yet been fully investigated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the TPV gIQ and the VR at 48 weeks to TPV-based salvage regimens. Patients placed on regimens containing two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus TPV-RTV 500/200 mg twice a day with or without T20 were prospectively studied. Regular follow-up was performed over the study period. VR, considered a viral load (VL) decrease of ≥1 log unit and/or the achievement of <50 copies/ml with no VL rebound of >0.5 log unit compared to the maximal VL decrease at week 48, was assessed. Thirty-eight patients who had received multiple drugs were included. At week 48 the VL decrease was −1.48 (interquartile range [IQR], −2.88 to −0.48), 15 patients (39.5%) had VLs of <50 copies/ml, and the CD4+ cell count increase was 37 cells/mm3 (IQR, −30 to +175). Twenty subjects (52.6%) achieved VRs. The TPV gIQ and optimized background score (OBS) were independently associated with higher VL decreases. The TPV gIQ and OBS were also independent predictors of a VR at week 48. TPV gIQ and OBS cutoff values of 14,500 and 2, respectively, were associated with a higher rate of VR. The TPV gIQ was shown to be able to predict the VR at 48 weeks to TPV-containing salvage regimens better than the TPV trough concentration or TPV-associated mutations alone. A possible TPV gIQ cutoff value of 14,500 for reaching a VR at week 48 was suggested. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the calculation of TPV gIQ as a new tool for the optimization of TPV-based salvage therapy.

Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between anxiety and health behaviors of obese adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ziarko ◽  
Łukasz Kaczmarek ◽  
Ewa Mojs
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Relationship

Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between anxiety and health behaviors of obese adolescents Obesity is one of the major health problems in adolescents. Health-detrimental lifestyle (i.e. lack of physical activity, inappropriate nutrition) as well as maladaptive styles of coping with stress are regarded as belonging among determinants of obesity. The aim of the study was to establish factors mediating between anxiety and diet-related health behaviors. Participants in the study were 113 adolescents with obesity whose body weight was over 97th centile. They were examined using a set of self-report questionnaires to measure anxiety, coping styles and health behaviors. Emotion-focused coping and seeking social contacts (social diversion) were found to act as mediators between adolescents' trait anxiety and their health behaviors. The findings suggest that to enhance obese adolescents' health-promoting behaviors appropriate conditions should be ensured that would not only enable them to express their emotions, but also promote their socializing with peers.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE BUDGET IN RAISING THE EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL ‎ PERFORMANCE IN THE DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION IN THE NORTHERN ‎GOVERNORATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 366-383
Author(s):  
Wafaa Mohammad ASHOUR ◽  
Narmeen Ismat ZATARA
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

The study aimed to identify the role of the budget in raising the efficiency of financial ‎performance in the Directorate of Education in the northern governorates. The two ‎researchers used: qualitative research.‎ The interview tool was adopted: it consisted of (3) main themes. The first axis: about ‎budget preparation and included (8) questions. The second axis: about the implementation ‎of the budget, and included (7) questions. The third axis: about the relationship between ‎the budget and the efficiency of financial performance. The interview questions included ‎open questions and closed questions.‎ The study population is made up of members of the Finance Committee and is responsible ‎for the budget preparation process. They number (68) in the second semester of the ‎academic year 2020-2021. The sample size is (19) by 28%. The most important results are: ‎ o The budget plays a major role in raising the efficiency of financial performance, as ‎it is one of the activities planning tools, as the revenue amounts are distributed ‎among the budget items.‎ o The budget has a role in raising the efficiency of financial performance in the ‎education directorates through its oversight role on performance.‎ Recommendations: ‎ o Increasing the powers of education directorates in the budget preparation process ‎by the Ministry of Education in order to achieve a higher level of flexibility in it to ‎meet the needs within the priorities.‎ o Conducting training courses on budget preparation, implementation, and follow-‎up by the Ministry of Education in cooperation with the Ministry of Finance, and ‎not to be limited to department heads only, but extend to all employees in the ‎directorate's departments and those willing and qualified to prepare budgets‎.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Systemic Transcriptomic Alternations and Inflammatory Response during the Occurrence and Progress of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Shaocong Mo ◽  
Leijie Dai ◽  
Yulin Wang ◽  
Biao Song ◽  
Zongcheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Nonnegative Matrix ◽  
Neutrophil Degranulation ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coexpression Network Analysis

The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed huge threats to healthcare systems and the global economy. However, the host response towards COVID-19 on the molecular and cellular levels still lacks full understanding and effective therapies are in urgent need. Here, we integrate three datasets, GSE152641, GSE161777, and GSE157103. Compared to healthy people, 314 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mostly involved in neutrophil degranulation and cell division. The protein-protein network was established and two significant subsets were filtered by MCODE: ssGSEA and CIBERSORT, which comprehensively revealed the alternation of immune cell abundance. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) as well as GO and KEGG analyses unveiled the role of neutrophils and T cells during the progress of the disease. Based on the hospital-free days after 45 days of follow-up and statistical methods such as nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), submap, and linear correlation analysis, 31 genes were regarded as the signature of the peripheral blood of COVID-19. Various immune cells were identified to be related to the prognosis of the patients. Drugs were predicted for the genes in the signature by DGIdb. Overall, our study comprehensively revealed the relationship between the inflammatory response and the disease course, which provided strategies for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals D-Dimer to Fibrinogen Ratio as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Patients After Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962094858
Author(s):  
Yan Bai ◽  
Ying-Ying Zheng ◽  
Jun-Nan Tang ◽  
Xu-Ming Yang ◽  
Qian-Qian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Dimer

The role of activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has drawn wide attention. Recently, the D-dimer to fibrinogen ratio (DFR) is considered as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism. However, few studies have explored the relationship between DFR and cardiovascular disease. In our study, patients were divided into 2 groups according to DFR value: the lower group (DFR < 0.52, n = 2123) and the higher group (DFR ≥ 0.52, n = 1073). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM). The average follow-up time was 37.59 ± 22.24 months. We found that there were significant differences between the 2 groups in term of ACM (2.4% vs 6.6%, P < 0.001) and CM (1.5% vs 4.0%, P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that elevated DFR had higher incidences of ACM (log rank P < 0.001) and CM (log rank P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that DFR was an independent predictor of ACM (HR = 1.743, 95%CI: 1.187-2.559 P = 0.005) and CM (HR = 1.695, 95%CI: 1.033-2.781 P = 0.037). This study indicates that DFR is an independent and novel predictor of long-term ACM and CM in post-PCI patients with CAD.

The role of personality, conspiracy mentality, REBT irrational beliefs, and adult attachment in COVID-19 related health behaviors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Stanković ◽  
Ljiljana B. Lazarevic ◽  
Goran Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Vaccination Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Emotionality ◽  
Lower Adherence

We investigated irrational beliefs defined in rational-emotive cognitive-behavior therapy (REBT), attachment anxiety and avoidance, and conspiracy mentality as mediators of the relationship between HEXACO and Disintegration traits and COVID-19 health behaviors. Structural equation modeling on a sample of 287 participants, showed that Disintegration (D) was related to all mediating variables, highlighting the importance of D in the emergence of irrational beliefs. Conspiracy mentality mediated the effect of D in low adherence to recommended health behaviors - RHB , negative vaccination behavior, and greater use of pseudoscientific practices - PSP . Attachment anxiety mediated the relationship between high D, high Emotionality (E), and low Honesty (H) and lower adherence to RHB. Higher adherence to RHB predicted positive vaccination behavior, whilst there was no relationship between PSP use and vaccination behavior. REBT irrational beliefs and attachment avoidance were not found to be significant mediators of the relationship between personality traits and COVID-19 health behaviors.

scholarly journals Expressed Emotion and Hallucination Proneness: The Mediating Role of Metacognitive Beliefs

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Usha Barahmand ◽  
Ruhollah Heydari Sheikhahmad
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Expressed Emotions ◽  
The Relationship

This study was designed to examine the mediating role of meta-cognitions in the relationship between perceived expressed emotions and hallucination proneness in a non-clinical sample. The study sample (n = 432 university students) was selected through a stratified cluster sampling procedure and measures of perceived expressed emotions, metacognitive beliefs and hallucination proneness were administered. Two dimensions of expressed emotion, perceived irritability and perceived intrusion, and two metacognitive beliefs, beliefs about uncontrollability and danger and beliefs about cognitive confidence were found to be associated with hallucination proneness. However, only negative beliefs about uncontrollability of thoughts mediated the relationship between perceived intrusiveness and hallucination proneness. Findings imply the experience of real or perceived parental intrusiveness may activate negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger, which in turn, leads to hallucinatory experiences as a coping strategy and contributes to the persistence of real or perceived career intrusiveness.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 17-24

scholarly journals Attempting to disentangle the relationship between impulsivity and longitudinal self-harm: Epidemiological analysis of UK household survey data

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angharad N de Cates ◽  
Gennaro Catone ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Matthew R Broome
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Mood Instability ◽  
Adult Psychiatry ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Impulsivity may be an important risk factor in terms of future self-harm. However, the extent of this, whether it may relate to self-harm that is new in onset and/or repetition of self-harm, and the detail of any interaction with mood instability (MI) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) requires detailed examination. Aims: We used the 2000 Adult Psychiatry Morbidity Survey and an 18-month follow-up data to test hypotheses relating to the role of impulsivity, CSA and MI in the inception and persistence of self-harm. Methods: We assessed associations of impulsivity with (1) suicidal self-harm (SSH) and (2) non-SSH (NSSH) at baseline and follow-up, controlling for confounders including MI. Finally, we tested whether impulsivity mediated the relationship between CSA and self-harm. Results: A total of 8,580 respondents were assessed at baseline and 2,406 at follow-up as planned. Impulsivity significantly predicted emergence of new NSSH at 18-month follow-up even after adjustment for MI and other confounders. Impulsivity did not significantly predict repetition of NSSH, or repetition or new inception of SSH, even before inclusion of MI in the model. However, the absolute numbers involved were small. Cross-sectionally, impulsivity was a stronger mediator of the link between CSA and SSH (13.1%) than that between CSA and NSSH (4.8%). Conclusion: Impulsivity may increase the risk of future development of NSSH independently of MI, which is clinically important for risk assessment. The involvement of impulsivity in the repetition of self-harm generally appears less certain. However, impulsivity may have a role in SSH in the context of previous CSA.

scholarly journals Insight, duration of untreated psychosis and attachment in first-episode psychosis: prospective study of psychiatric recovery over 12-month follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Gumley ◽  
M. Schwannauer ◽  
A. Macbeth ◽  
R. Fisher ◽  
S. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundIncreasing evidence shows attachment security influences symptom expression and adaptation in people diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychoses.AimsTo describe the distribution of secure and insecure attachment in a cohort of individuals with first-episode psychosis, and to explore the relationship between attachment security and recovery from positive and negative symptoms in the first 12 months.MethodThe study was a prospective 12-month cohort study. The role of attachment, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), baseline symptoms and insight in predicting and mediating recovery from symptoms was investigated using multiple regression analysis and path analysis.ResultsOf the 79 participants, 54 completed the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI): 37 (68.5%) were classified as insecure, of which 26 (48.1%) were insecure/dismissing and 11 (20.4%) insecure preoccupied. Both DUP and insight predicted recovery from positive symptoms at 12 months. Attachment security, DUP and insight predicted recovery from negative symptoms at 12 months.ConclusionsAttachment is an important construct contributing to understanding and development of interventions promoting recovery following first-episode psychosis.

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