scholarly journals Attempting to disentangle the relationship between impulsivity and longitudinal self-harm: Epidemiological analysis of UK household survey data

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angharad N de Cates ◽  
Gennaro Catone ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Matthew R Broome
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Mood Instability ◽  
Adult Psychiatry ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Impulsivity may be an important risk factor in terms of future self-harm. However, the extent of this, whether it may relate to self-harm that is new in onset and/or repetition of self-harm, and the detail of any interaction with mood instability (MI) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) requires detailed examination. Aims: We used the 2000 Adult Psychiatry Morbidity Survey and an 18-month follow-up data to test hypotheses relating to the role of impulsivity, CSA and MI in the inception and persistence of self-harm. Methods: We assessed associations of impulsivity with (1) suicidal self-harm (SSH) and (2) non-SSH (NSSH) at baseline and follow-up, controlling for confounders including MI. Finally, we tested whether impulsivity mediated the relationship between CSA and self-harm. Results: A total of 8,580 respondents were assessed at baseline and 2,406 at follow-up as planned. Impulsivity significantly predicted emergence of new NSSH at 18-month follow-up even after adjustment for MI and other confounders. Impulsivity did not significantly predict repetition of NSSH, or repetition or new inception of SSH, even before inclusion of MI in the model. However, the absolute numbers involved were small. Cross-sectionally, impulsivity was a stronger mediator of the link between CSA and SSH (13.1%) than that between CSA and NSSH (4.8%). Conclusion: Impulsivity may increase the risk of future development of NSSH independently of MI, which is clinically important for risk assessment. The involvement of impulsivity in the repetition of self-harm generally appears less certain. However, impulsivity may have a role in SSH in the context of previous CSA.

External Investigators' Follow-Up Intentions When Whistleblowers Report Healthcare Fraud: The Effects of Report Anonymity and Previous Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Steven E. Kaplan ◽  
Danny Lanier ◽  
Kelly R. Pope ◽  
Janet A. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Medical Provider ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Investigation

ABSTRACT Whistleblowing reports, if properly investigated, facilitate the early detection of fraud. Although critical, investigation-related decisions represent a relatively underexplored component of the whistleblowing process. Investigators are responsible for initially deciding whether to follow-up on reports alleging fraud. We report the results of an experimental study examining the follow-up intentions of highly experienced healthcare investigators. Participants, in the role of an insurance investigator, are asked to review a whistleblowing report alleging billing fraud occurring at a medical provider. Thus, participants are serving as external investigators. In a between-participant design, we manipulate the report type and whether the caller previously confronted the wrongdoer. We find that compared to an anonymous report, a non-anonymous report is perceived as more credible and follow-up intentions stronger. We also find that perceived credibility fully mediates the relationship between report type and follow-up intentions. Previous confrontation is not significantly associated with either perceived credibility or follow-up intentions. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.

scholarly journals Tipranavir (TPV) Genotypic Inhibitory Quotient Predicts Virological Response at 48 Weeks to TPV-Based Salvage Regimens

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gonzalez de Requena ◽  
Stefano Bonora ◽  
Andrea Calcagno ◽  
Antonio D'Avolio ◽  
Marco Siccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virological Response ◽  
Protease Gene ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Count Increase ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT The virological response (VR) to a tipranavir-ritonavir (TPV-RTV)-based regimen had been shown to be associated with a number of mutations in the protease gene, the use of enfuvirtide (T20), and the TPV phenotypic inhibitory quotient (IQ). The role of the TPV genotypic IQ (gIQ) has not yet been fully investigated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the TPV gIQ and the VR at 48 weeks to TPV-based salvage regimens. Patients placed on regimens containing two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus TPV-RTV 500/200 mg twice a day with or without T20 were prospectively studied. Regular follow-up was performed over the study period. VR, considered a viral load (VL) decrease of ≥1 log unit and/or the achievement of <50 copies/ml with no VL rebound of >0.5 log unit compared to the maximal VL decrease at week 48, was assessed. Thirty-eight patients who had received multiple drugs were included. At week 48 the VL decrease was −1.48 (interquartile range [IQR], −2.88 to −0.48), 15 patients (39.5%) had VLs of <50 copies/ml, and the CD4+ cell count increase was 37 cells/mm3 (IQR, −30 to +175). Twenty subjects (52.6%) achieved VRs. The TPV gIQ and optimized background score (OBS) were independently associated with higher VL decreases. The TPV gIQ and OBS were also independent predictors of a VR at week 48. TPV gIQ and OBS cutoff values of 14,500 and 2, respectively, were associated with a higher rate of VR. The TPV gIQ was shown to be able to predict the VR at 48 weeks to TPV-containing salvage regimens better than the TPV trough concentration or TPV-associated mutations alone. A possible TPV gIQ cutoff value of 14,500 for reaching a VR at week 48 was suggested. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the calculation of TPV gIQ as a new tool for the optimization of TPV-based salvage therapy.

The Role of Drugs in Workplace Injuries: Is Drug Testing Appropriate?

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Workplace Injuries ◽  
The Relationship

In the past decade, many employers have adopted drug-testing programs to reduce workplace injuries. However, little scientific evidence shows that drug use is a significant and substantial cause of total workplace injuries. The purpose of this study was to empirically assess the role of drugs and alcohol in causing workplace injuries. Questionnaires were received from 882 Ontario employees in a household survey. Results showed that many variables were significantly related to job injuries. The variables were ranked according to the relative importance of each variable's contribution to total job injuries. Alcohol problems, licit drug use, and illicit drug use ranked 7, 11, and 12 respectively among a group of 12 significant variables. In order to examine the likelihood that drug use was a cause of job injuries, the relationship between job injuries and alcohol problems, licit drug use, and illicit drug use was examined across categories of third variables. For age, the relationship between drug use and injuries remained strong for the youngest age group, but disappeared for the oldest age group. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the plausibility of noncausal explanations of job injuries for illicit drug use, but not for alcohol problems or licit drug use. Overall, the results indicated that illicit drug use does not appear to be a major cause of job injuries. The implications of these results for drug-testing programs are discussed.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE BUDGET IN RAISING THE EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL ‎ PERFORMANCE IN THE DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION IN THE NORTHERN ‎GOVERNORATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 366-383
Author(s):  
Wafaa Mohammad ASHOUR ◽  
Narmeen Ismat ZATARA
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

The study aimed to identify the role of the budget in raising the efficiency of financial ‎performance in the Directorate of Education in the northern governorates. The two ‎researchers used: qualitative research.‎ The interview tool was adopted: it consisted of (3) main themes. The first axis: about ‎budget preparation and included (8) questions. The second axis: about the implementation ‎of the budget, and included (7) questions. The third axis: about the relationship between ‎the budget and the efficiency of financial performance. The interview questions included ‎open questions and closed questions.‎ The study population is made up of members of the Finance Committee and is responsible ‎for the budget preparation process. They number (68) in the second semester of the ‎academic year 2020-2021. The sample size is (19) by 28%. The most important results are: ‎ o The budget plays a major role in raising the efficiency of financial performance, as ‎it is one of the activities planning tools, as the revenue amounts are distributed ‎among the budget items.‎ o The budget has a role in raising the efficiency of financial performance in the ‎education directorates through its oversight role on performance.‎ Recommendations: ‎ o Increasing the powers of education directorates in the budget preparation process ‎by the Ministry of Education in order to achieve a higher level of flexibility in it to ‎meet the needs within the priorities.‎ o Conducting training courses on budget preparation, implementation, and follow-‎up by the Ministry of Education in cooperation with the Ministry of Finance, and ‎not to be limited to department heads only, but extend to all employees in the ‎directorate's departments and those willing and qualified to prepare budgets‎.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Systemic Transcriptomic Alternations and Inflammatory Response during the Occurrence and Progress of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Shaocong Mo ◽  
Leijie Dai ◽  
Yulin Wang ◽  
Biao Song ◽  
Zongcheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Nonnegative Matrix ◽  
Neutrophil Degranulation ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coexpression Network Analysis

The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed huge threats to healthcare systems and the global economy. However, the host response towards COVID-19 on the molecular and cellular levels still lacks full understanding and effective therapies are in urgent need. Here, we integrate three datasets, GSE152641, GSE161777, and GSE157103. Compared to healthy people, 314 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mostly involved in neutrophil degranulation and cell division. The protein-protein network was established and two significant subsets were filtered by MCODE: ssGSEA and CIBERSORT, which comprehensively revealed the alternation of immune cell abundance. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) as well as GO and KEGG analyses unveiled the role of neutrophils and T cells during the progress of the disease. Based on the hospital-free days after 45 days of follow-up and statistical methods such as nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), submap, and linear correlation analysis, 31 genes were regarded as the signature of the peripheral blood of COVID-19. Various immune cells were identified to be related to the prognosis of the patients. Drugs were predicted for the genes in the signature by DGIdb. Overall, our study comprehensively revealed the relationship between the inflammatory response and the disease course, which provided strategies for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Child Discipline in Times of Conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1070-1094
Author(s):  
Michael Malcolm ◽  
Vidya Diwakar ◽  
George Naufal
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conflict Intensity

Using a unique pairing of household survey data and geolocational conflict data, we investigate the relationship between conflict intensity and the disciplinary methods employed by Iraqi households. We find that parents in high-conflict areas are more likely to use moderate and severe corporal punishment and are less likely to use constructive parenting techniques like redirection. A corresponding difference-in-differences analysis confirms the nature of this association. While there is a general sense that war has profound long-term impacts on the psychological health of children, research on transmission mechanisms remains limited. Given the persistence of early childhood outcomes into adulthood, these results are potentially an important piece of assessing and mitigating the long-term costs of war on civilian populations.

scholarly journals D-Dimer to Fibrinogen Ratio as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Patients After Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962094858
Author(s):  
Yan Bai ◽  
Ying-Ying Zheng ◽  
Jun-Nan Tang ◽  
Xu-Ming Yang ◽  
Qian-Qian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Dimer

The role of activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has drawn wide attention. Recently, the D-dimer to fibrinogen ratio (DFR) is considered as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism. However, few studies have explored the relationship between DFR and cardiovascular disease. In our study, patients were divided into 2 groups according to DFR value: the lower group (DFR < 0.52, n = 2123) and the higher group (DFR ≥ 0.52, n = 1073). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM). The average follow-up time was 37.59 ± 22.24 months. We found that there were significant differences between the 2 groups in term of ACM (2.4% vs 6.6%, P < 0.001) and CM (1.5% vs 4.0%, P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that elevated DFR had higher incidences of ACM (log rank P < 0.001) and CM (log rank P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that DFR was an independent predictor of ACM (HR = 1.743, 95%CI: 1.187-2.559 P = 0.005) and CM (HR = 1.695, 95%CI: 1.033-2.781 P = 0.037). This study indicates that DFR is an independent and novel predictor of long-term ACM and CM in post-PCI patients with CAD.

Factors Affecting the frequency of fresh potatoes' purchasing: An urban study case in Argentina

2012 ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Elsa M. Rodrěguez ◽  
Beatriz Lupěn ◽  
Victoria Lacaze
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Fresh Potato ◽  
Urban Study ◽  
Channel Preferences ◽  
Nutritional Facts ◽  
The Relationship

When purchasing food, consumers make their choices by comparing prices and qualities. As a wide and subjective notion, food quality deals with different kinds of attributes. They could be either verified by consumers or not before or after purchasing food e.g., colour, taste/flavor, nutritional facts, added substances during the productive processes, risks perceptions, and retail channel preferences. The aim of this research is to examine consumers' preferences for fresh potatoes quality attributes and also to identify those factors associated to purchases of potato of better quality. Data come from a household survey conducted in Mar del Plata city, Argentina, in June 2009. A representative sample of the population included 500 randomly selected households. Related to potato nutrients, 50% of the sample mentioned at least one nutrient (carbohydrates 83%, vitamins 24%, potassium 16%, and fibre 12%). Households with many members have a higher probability to consume fresh potato more frequently than smaller households, and older respondents consume fresh potato more frequently than younger individuals. Households considering potato as a relevant component of a balanced diet are likely to consume fresh potatoes more frequently than households that did not emphasized the role of this product in their meals. Consumer perception about the relationship between price and quality showed that the higher educational level, the lower the number of respondents who declared that the price is a trustful sign of quality. Finally, when asked about willingness-to-pay for fresh potatoes of better quality, 34% of households were willing to pay a premium of 0.13 US$/kg and 19% were willing to pay a price premium of 0.26 US$/kg.

How do herders do well? Profitability potential of livestock grazing in Inner Mongolia, China, across ecosystem types

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Joleen C. Hadrich ◽  
Brian E. Robinson ◽  
Yulu Hou ◽  
Yating Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Weather Shocks ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Enterprise Budgets

Livestock production has increased in Inner Mongolia, China, despite widespread documentation of grassland degradation. To begin investigating the relationship that produces these trends, we studied farm-level decisions of herder households. We estimated economic enterprise budgets for 15 counties in Inner Mongolia across five ecosystems in 2009 and 2014 by using household survey data. Six counties decreased livestock stocking rates and had improved profit over time. The remaining counties increased their stocking rates over the period studied and profit decreased for all but one county. Livestock operators who reported negative profit over the 5 years were located across ecosystem types and reported a large number of weather shocks that affected grassland availability. Removing the opportunity cost of land and labour from the economic enterprise budgets resulted in a positive profit for all counties, which may explain why herders continue to increase stocking rates with decreased grassland availability over time.

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