scholarly journals Defining Translational Significance in Gerontology

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
Steven Albert
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Behavioral Outcome ◽  
Program Delivery ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract Innovation in Aging requires a statement from authors on translational significance. This requirement forces authors to consider the implications of their research for changing some component of aging. How does the research address a challenge posed by aging bodies, minds, relationships, or societies? The editorial board has developed criteria for assessing translational significance. Translational research must meet at least one of three criteria. It (i) must predict or explain a health or behavioral outcome, (ii) be advanced enough in deployment or development to assess these effects, and (iii) have a clear pathway to large-scale program delivery or change in clinical practice. The criteria rule out some kinds of submissions, such as scale development, single-case studies, or reviews of literature. We use these criteria to structure each article’s required translational significance statement. Rethinking translation may help focus research across the full set of GSA journals.

The Concept of Resilience

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sula Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Know How ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
The Face

Objective: The concept of resilience highlights the complexity of psychopathology, helps to clarify possibilities for prevention and keeps hope alive in clinical practice. This paper reviews definitions of resilience, the nature of risk factors and of moderating processes. Method: The place of single case studies is described, the components of resilience are outlined and consideration is given to how resilience can be fostered in the face of adversities and stresses: socio-economic deprivation, family discord and divorce, and maternal depression. Conclusion: A plea is made for increased efforts to make knowledge more widely available: public and politicians need to know how decisions about housing, employment, welfare, education and criminal justice impinge on the development of children, and what changes in the macro-environment will preserve and enhance childhood resilience.

Adverse events related to electroacupuncture: a systematic review of single case studies and case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hwan Park ◽  
Jun-Hwan Lee ◽  
Sanghun Lee ◽  
Jae-Young Shin ◽  
Tae-Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Partial Recovery

Objective Electroacupuncture (EA) is used in the treatment of various diseases through the use of electrical stimulation. Reports of adverse events (AEs) associated with acupuncture are relatively consistent, but the safety of EA has been less well reported. In this systematic review, we provide a summary of the types of AEs related to EA in clinical practice. Methods Twelve electronic databases, including those in English (PubMed, Ovid-EMBASE, CENTRAL), Korean (KMbase, KISS, NDSL, KISTI, OASIS), Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu) and Japanese (J-STAGE), were systematically searched for single case studies and case series through April 2018. There were no language restrictions. We included clinical studies in which EA was used as a key intervention and in which AEs that may have been causally related to EA were reported. Results Thirty-seven studies, including 27 single case studies and 10 case series, were evaluated. The most frequently reported AEs were pallor (eight cases), skin pigmentation (eight cases), vertigo (seven cases), chest tightness (six cases), vomiting (six cases) and unconsciousness (five cases). Thirty-one cases (62%) achieved full recovery and three cases (6%) achieved partial recovery. There were also three cases of death (6%). Conclusion AEs related to EA included acupuncture-related AEs and serious AEs induced by electrical stimulation. Currently, specific stimulation conditions associated with EA-specific AEs are not identifiable due to inappropriate reporting. However, skin pigmentation, syncope or spasm, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock, cardiac emergencies, electrical burns, and potential internal organ injury are potential EA-specific AEs regarding which physicians should be cautious in clinical practice.

597 Can we use BNP and NTproBNP to rule out heart failure in clinical practice? Results of the UK natriuretic peptide study

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
A ZAPHIRIOU ◽  
S ROBB ◽  
G MENDEZ ◽  
T MURRAYTHOMAS ◽  
S HARDMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rule Out

Comparing Post-communist Authoritarianism in Russia and China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Elite Politics ◽  
Significant Divergence

The studies of post-communist Russia and China have traditionally been dominated by single-case studies and within-region comparisons. This chapter explores why the CAS of post-communist Russia and China is difficult, why it is rare, and how it could yield significant and unique intellectual payoffs. The cross-regional comparative study of anti-corruption campaigns in contemporary Russia and China is used as an example in this chapter to argue that a well-matched and context-sensitive comparison could reveal significant divergence in the elite politics and institutional capacities of these regimes that would otherwise likely be obscured by single-case studies or studies restricted to one single geographical area such as “Eastern Europe” or “East Asia.” By breaking Russia and China out of their respective “regions,” the CAS perspective thus enables us to better capture the full range of existing diversity of post-communist authoritarianism.

scholarly journals Modeling regional impacts and resilience to water service disruptions in urban economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832199870
Author(s):  
Sheree A Pagsuyoin ◽  
Joost R Santos
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Water is a critical natural resource that sustains the productivity of many economic sectors, whether directly or indirectly. Climate change alongside rapid growth and development are a threat to water sustainability and regional productivity. In this paper, we develop an extension to the economic input-output model to assess the impact of water supply disruptions to regional economies. The model utilizes the inoperability variable, which measures the extent to which an infrastructure system or economic sector is unable to deliver its intended output. While the inoperability concept has been utilized in previous applications, this paper offers extensions that capture the time-varying nature of inoperability as the sectors recover from a disruptive event, such as drought. The model extension is capable of inserting inoperability adjustments within the drought timeline to capture time-varying likelihoods and severities, as well as the dependencies of various economic sectors on water. The model was applied to case studies of severe drought in two regions: (1) the state of Massachusetts (MA) and (2) the US National Capital Region (NCR). These regions were selected to contrast drought resilience between a mixed urban–rural region (MA) and a highly urban region (NCR). These regions also have comparable overall gross domestic products despite significant differences in the distribution and share of the economic sectors comprising each region. The results of the case studies indicate that in both regions, the utility and real estate sectors suffer the largest economic loss; nonetheless, results also identify region-specific sectors that incur significant losses. For the NCR, three sectors in the top 10 ranking of highest economic losses are government-related, whereas in the MA, four sectors in the top 10 are manufacturing sectors. Furthermore, the accommodation sector has also been included in the NCR case intuitively because of the high concentration of museums and famous landmarks. In contrast, the Wholesale Trade sector was among the sectors with the highest economic losses in the MA case study because of its large geographic size conducive for warehouses used as nodes for large-scale supply chain networks. Future modeling extensions could potentially include analysis of water demand and supply management strategies that can enhance regional resilience against droughts. Other regional case studies can also be pursued in future efforts to analyze various categories of drought severity beyond the case studies featured in this paper.

scholarly journals Exploiting Proximity-Based Mobile Apps for Large-Scale Location Privacy Probing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Xiapu Luo ◽  
Xiaobo Ma ◽  
Bo Bai ◽  
Yankang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Typical Type ◽  
Location Spoofing

Proximity-based apps have been changing the way people interact with each other in the physical world. To help people extend their social networks, proximity-based nearby-stranger (NS) apps that encourage people to make friends with nearby strangers have gained popularity recently. As another typical type of proximity-based apps, some ridesharing (RS) apps allowing drivers to search nearby passengers and get their ridesharing requests also become popular due to their contribution to economy and emission reduction. In this paper, we concentrate on the location privacy of proximity-based mobile apps. By analyzing the communication mechanism, we find that many apps of this type are vulnerable to large-scale location spoofing attack (LLSA). We accordingly propose three approaches to performing LLSA. To evaluate the threat of LLSA posed to proximity-based mobile apps, we perform real-world case studies against an NS app named Weibo and an RS app called Didi. The results show that our approaches can effectively and automatically collect a huge volume of users’ locations or travel records, thereby demonstrating the severity of LLSA. We apply the LLSA approaches against nine popular proximity-based apps with millions of installations to evaluate the defense strength. We finally suggest possible countermeasures for the proposed attacks.

Drama and Environment: Joining Forces to Engage Children and Young People in Environmental Education

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Curtis ◽  
Mark Howden ◽  
Fran Curtis ◽  
Ian McColm ◽  
Juliet Scrine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
School Based ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Theatre Company ◽  
Theatre In Education

AbstractEngaging and exciting students about the environment remains a challenge in contemporary society, even while objective measures show the rapid state of the world's environment declining. To illuminate the integration of drama and environmental education as a means of engaging students in environmental issues, the work of performance companies Evergreen Theatre, Leapfish and Eaton Gorge Theatre Company, the ecological oratorio Plague and the Moonflower, and a school-based trial of play-building were examined through survey data and participant observations. These case studies employed drama in different ways — theatre-in-education, play-building, and large-scale performance event. The four case studies provide quantitative and qualitative evidence for drama-based activities leading to an improvement in knowledge about the environment and understandings about the consequences of one's actions. In observing and participating in these case studies, we reflect that drama is a means of synthesising and presenting scientific research in ways that are creative and multi-layered, and which excite students, helping maintain their attention and facilitating their engagement.

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