scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MODERATE-TO-VIGOROUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MUSCLE OXIDATIVE CAPACITY IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S84-S85
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Adelnia ◽  
Jacek Urbanek ◽  
Yusuke Osawa ◽  
Michelle Shardell ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
P Value ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Age-related decline in muscle oxidative capacity negatively affects muscle function and mobility, which may lead to disability and frailty. Whether exercise and other life-style practices reduce age-related decline in muscle oxidative capacity is unclear. We assessed whether, after accounting for age, higher daily physical activity levels are associated with greater muscle oxidative capacity. Participants included 384 adults (54.7% women) aged 22 to 92 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Muscle oxidative capacity was measured in vivo using phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We determined the time constant for phosphocreatine recovery (τPCr, in seconds) after exercise, with lower values of τPCr reflecting greater oxidative capacity. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using accelerometers that participants wore for 5.9 ± 0.9 consecutive days in the free-living environment. In linear regression models, older age was associated with higher τPCr (β = 0.39, p-value <.001) after adjusting for sex, race, height and weight. After including MVPA as an independent variable, the standardized regression coefficient for age was attenuated by 40% to 0.22. p-value <.001). MVPA was strongly associated with lower τPCr (β = -0.33, p-value <.001) after adjusting for health status, education and smoking history and was only attenuated by 3% after additional adjustment for age. These results suggest that MVPA is strongly associated with muscle oxidative capacity independent of age, providing mechanistic insights into the health benefits of daily physical activity in older persons.

Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in young and older women and men

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1072-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Kent-Braun ◽  
Alexander V. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Postexercise Recovery

It has been suggested that a decline in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity is a general consequence of aging in humans. However, previous studies have not always controlled for the effects of varying levels of physical activity on muscle oxidative capacity. To test the hypothesis that, when matched for comparable habitual physical activity levels, there would be no age-related decline in the oxidative capacity of a locomotor muscle, the postexercise recovery time of phosphocreatine was compared in the tibialis anterior muscle of young [ n = 19; 33.8 ± 4.8 (SD) yr] and older [ n = 18; 75.5 ± 4.5 yr] healthy women and men of similar, relatively low, activity levels. The intramuscular metabolic measurements were accomplished by using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results indicate that there was no age effect on the postexercise recovery time of phosphocreatine recovery, thus supporting the stated hypothesis. These data suggest that there is no requisite decline in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with aging in humans, at least through the seventh decade.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous effects of old age on human muscle oxidative capacity in vivo: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam F. Fitzgerald ◽  
Anita D. Christie ◽  
Jane A. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Study Results

Despite intensive efforts to understand the extent to which skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity changes in older humans, the answer to this important question remains unclear. To determine what the preponderance of evidence from in vivo studies suggests, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of age on muscle oxidative capacity as measured noninvasively by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A secondary aim was to examine potential moderators contributing to differences in results across studies, including muscle group, physical activity status, and sex. Candidate papers were identified from PubMed searches (n = 3561 papers) and the reference lists of relevant papers. Standardized effects (Hedges’ g) were calculated for age and each moderator using data from the 22 studies that met the inclusion criteria (n = 28 effects). Effects were coded as positive when older (age, ≥55 years) adults had higher muscle oxidative capacity than younger (age, 20–45 years) adults. The overall effect of age on oxidative capacity was positive (g = 0.171, p < 0.001), indicating modestly greater oxidative capacity in old. Notably, there was significant heterogeneity in this result (Q = 245.8, p < 0.001; I2 = ∼70%–90%). Muscle group, physical activity, and sex were all significant moderators of oxidative capacity (p ≤ 0.029). This analysis indicates that the current body of literature does not support a de facto decrease of in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in old age. The heterogeneity of study results and identification of significant moderators provide clarity regarding apparent discrepancies in the literature, and indicate the importance of accounting for these variables when examining purported age-related differences in muscle oxidative capacity.

scholarly journals Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity Is Associated With Higher Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1695-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Adelnia ◽  
Jacek Urbanek ◽  
Yusuke Osawa ◽  
Michelle Shardell ◽  
Nicholas A. Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity

scholarly journals In vivo oxidative capacity varies with muscle and training status in young adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan G. Larsen ◽  
Damien M. Callahan ◽  
Stephen A. Foulis ◽  
Jane A. Kent-Braun
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Usage Patterns

It is well established that exercise training results in increased muscle oxidative capacity. Less is known about how oxidative capacities in distinct muscles, in the same individual, are affected by different levels of physical activity. We hypothesized that 1) trained individuals would have higher oxidative capacity than untrained individuals in both tibialis anterior (TA) and vastus lateralis (VL) and 2) oxidative capacity would be higher in TA than VL in untrained, but not in trained, individuals. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the rate of phosphocreatine recovery ( kPCr), which reflects the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, following a maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the TA and VL in healthy untrained (7 women, 7 men, 25.7 ± 3.6 yr; mean ± SD) and trained (5 women, 7 men, 27.5 ± 3.4 yr) adults. Daily physical activity levels were measured using accelerometry. The trained group spent threefold more time (∼90 vs. ∼30 min/day; P < 0.001) in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Overall, kPCr was higher in VL than in TA ( P = 0.01) and higher in trained than in untrained participants ( P < 0.001). The relationship between kPCr and MVPA was more robust in VL ( r = 0.64, P = 0.001, n = 25) than in TA ( r = 0.38, P = 0.06, n = 25). These results indicate greater oxidative capacity in vivo in trained compared with untrained individuals in two distinct muscles of the lower limb and provide novel evidence of higher oxidative capacity in VL compared with TA in young humans, irrespective of training status. The basis for this difference is not known at this time but likely reflects a difference in usage patterns between the muscles.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in oxidative capacity differ between locomotory muscles and are associated with physical activity behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan G. Larsen ◽  
Damien M. Callahan ◽  
Stephen A. Foulis ◽  
Jane A. Kent-Braun
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mobility Impairment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

There is discrepancy in the literature regarding the degree to which old age affects muscle bioenergetics. These discrepancies are likely influenced by several factors, including variations in physical activity (PA) and differences in the muscle group investigated. To test the hypothesis that age may affect muscles differently, we quantified oxidative capacity of tibialis anterior (TA) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in healthy, relatively sedentary younger (8 YW, 8 YM; 21–35 years) and older (8 OW, 8 OM; 65–80 years) adults. To investigate the effect of physical activity on muscle oxidative capacity in older adults, we compared older sedentary women to older women with mild-to-moderate mobility impairment and lower physical activity (OIW, n = 7), and older sedentary men with older active male runners (OAM, n = 6). Oxidative capacity was measured in vivo as the rate constant, kPCr, of postcontraction phosphocreatine recovery, obtained by31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy following maximal isometric contractions. While kPCrwas higher in TA of older than activity-matched younger adults (28%; p = 0.03), older adults had lower kPCrin VL (23%; p = 0.04). In OIW compared with OW, kPCrwas lower in VL (∼45%; p = 0.01), but not different in TA. In contrast, OAM had higher kPCrthan OM (p = 0.03) in both TA (41%) and VL (54%). In older adults, moderate-to-vigorous PA was positively associated with kPCrin VL (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) and TA (r = 0.41, p = 0.03). Collectively, these results indicate that age-related changes in oxidative capacity vary markedly between locomotory muscles, and that altered PA behavior may play a role in these changes.

The Relations Between Physical Activity Level, Executive Function, and White Matter Microstructure in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marissa A. Gogniat ◽  
Catherine M. Mewborn ◽  
Talia L. Robinson ◽  
Kharine R. Jean ◽  
L. Stephen Miller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Age Related

The population of older adults is increasing, indicating a need to examine factors that may prevent or mitigate age-related cognitive decline. The current study examined whether microstructural white matter characteristics mediated the relation between physical activity and executive function in older adults without any self-reported psychiatric and neurological disorders or cognitive impairment (N = 43, mean age = 73 y). Physical activity was measured by average intensity and number of steps via accelerometry. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to examine microstructural white matter characteristics, and neuropsychological testing was used to examine executive functioning. Parallel mediation models were analyzed using microstructural white matter regions of interest as mediators of the association between physical activity and executive function. Results indicated that average steps was significantly related to executive function (β = 0.0003, t = 2.829, P = .007), while moderate to vigorous physical activity was not (β = 0.0007, t = 1.772, P = .08). White matter metrics did not mediate any associations. This suggests that microstructural white matter characteristics alone may not be the mechanism by which physical activity impacts executive function in aging.

scholarly journals Impaired vision and physical activity in childhood and adolescence: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-320315
Author(s):  
Lisanne Andra Horvat-Gitsels ◽  
Mario Cortina-Borja ◽  
Ameenat Lola Solebo ◽  
Jugnoo Sangeeta Rahi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Impaired Vision ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Participation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Recommended Level

Background/aimsInvestigate if impaired vision is associated with reduced levels and differences in types of physical activity (PA) to identify barriers or enablers to achieving healthy PA levels.MethodsData from the Millennium Cohort Study of children born in the UK in 2000–2001 and followed-up to age 14 years (n=11 571). Using parental report on eye conditions coded by clinicians, children were categorised as having no, unilateral or bilateral impaired vision. Outcomes included objective accelerometer-derived time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 16 PA types reported by parents, teachers and/or participants, covering physical education (PE), organised sports, self-organised sports and hobbies.ResultsOverall, 50% of 7-year-olds and subsequently 41% as 14-year-olds achieved the internationally recommended level of ≥60 MVPA min/day, irrespective of vision status, and mainly attributable to PE and organised sports. Bilateral impaired vision (vs none) was associated with parent-reported difficulties with PE (adjusted OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 2.31 to 9.41), self-rated poor ability in PE (3.21; 1.44 to 7.15) and not enjoy indoor PA (0.48; 0.26 to 0.88). Unilateral impaired vision was associated with both parent-rated difficulties (1.80; 1.26 to 2.59) and teachers’ perception of low ability in PE (2.27; 1.57 to 3.28), and reduced odds of high participation in organised sports (0.77; 0.59 to 0.99). Age-related trajectories showed suboptimal PA in childhood tracked into adolescence, with no difference by vision status.ConclusionPopulation-wide programmes to increase PA levels in children should pay special attention to those with impaired vision and include early interventions to encourage participation and confidence in PE and organised sports, starting in primary school and maintained afterwards.

Abstract 15499: Children After Fontan have the Strength, Body Composition, and Daily Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Required for Successful Participation with Peers

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E Longmuir ◽  
Mary Corey ◽  
Guy Faulkner ◽  
Jennifer L Russell ◽  
Brian W McCrindle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: This cross-sectional study evaluated the healthy, active lifestyle capacity (daily physical activity, strength, flexibility, body composition) of children after Fontan, which was hypothesized to be lower than healthy peers. Methods: Participants (n=64, 25 female) were 9 ± 2 years of age. Fontan completion occurred at 3 ± 1 years of age. Canadian Health Measures Survey protocols assessed aerobic endurance (walking up/down steps at set pace), strength (handgrip dynamometry), flexibility (sit and reach), body composition (body mass index) and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (7-day accelerometry). Participant versus published norm differences were evaluated with t-tests. Linear regression evaluated associations with age/gender/demographic factors. Results: Children after Fontan had strength scores similar (mean difference 1 kg) to their peers, were less likely to be obese (mean difference of body mass index = 1.1 ± 2.5, p=.001) and performed 50 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity per day. Estimated maximal aerobic endurance (mean difference = 21 ± 3 ml/kg/min or 61% of expected) and flexibility (mean difference = 9 ± 8 cm or 64% of expected) were lower than peers(p<.001). Participants performed fewer minutes of daily activity (mean difference from normal 12 ± 17 minutes/day, p<.001), but almost all (60/63) demonstrated the capacity for at least 20 minutes per day. Daily activity was higher with Fontan completion at a younger age (4 ± 2 mins/year) and for those taking antithrombotic medication (7 ± 18 and 22 ± 17 fewer minutes/day for those taking/not taking antithrombotics, respectively). Conclusions: Children after Fontan demonstrate the capacity to successfully perform the daily physical activity associated with optimal health. They have similar levels of strength and good body composition. We recommend that children after Fontan be counselled to expect that they can successfully participate in physically active peer play.

Associations Between Physical Activity Enjoyment and Age-Related Decline in Physical Activity in Children—Results From a Longitudinal Within-Person Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Petra Haas ◽  
Chih-Hsiang Yang ◽  
Genevieve F. Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Activity Enjoyment

Physical activity declines from childhood to adolescence. Affective factors may partially account for this decline. The present study investigated whether within-person changes in children’s enjoyment of physical activity are associated with the age-related decline in physical activity. Children (N = 169, 54% female, 56% Hispanic; 8–12 years old at enrollment) took part in a longitudinal study with six assessment waves across 3 years. At each wave, enjoyment of physical activity was reported, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured with an accelerometer across seven consecutive days. MVPA and enjoyment of physical activity both declined across waves. Multilevel analyses revealed that within-person changes in enjoyment moderated the effects of age on within-person changes in MVPA. Enjoyment appeared to be a dynamic factor that buffered against the age-related decline in physical activity in youth. These findings call for health promotion interventions that encourage enjoyable physical activities.

scholarly journals Using Gamification and Social Incentives to Increase Physical Activity and Related Social Cognition among Undergraduate Students in Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Mo ◽  
Mi Xiang ◽  
Mengyun Luo ◽  
Yuanyuan Dong ◽  
Yue Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Duration ◽  
Social Incentives ◽  
Physical Activity Duration

Gamification and social incentives are promising strategies to increase the effectiveness of web-based physical activity (PA) interventions by improving engagement. In this study, we designed a PA intervention integrating gamification and social incentives based on the most popular social networking service in China, WeChat. A controlled trial involving 52 Chinese undergraduate students was implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Subjects in the intervention group received a 7-week intervention. PA behavior and related social cognitive variables according to the theory of planned behavior were measured at the baseline and after the intervention. Daily physical activity duration was measured during the intervention. The results showed that PA-related subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and intention, as well as self-reported vigorous physical activity and moderate physical activity in the intervention group, were increased after the intervention, compared with the control group (p <0.05). During the intervention, perceived daily physical activity duration in the intervention group was on the rise, while it declined in the control group (p <0.001). The findings indicate that WeChat-based intervention integrating gamification and social incentives could effectively increase subjectively measured PA and related social cognition among Chinese undergraduate students and that it is a promising way to ameliorate the problem of insufficient PA among youths.

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