scholarly journals Anisotropy of (partial) isothermal remanent magnetization: DC-field-dependence and additivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 1428-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea R Biedermann ◽  
Mike Jackson ◽  
Dario Bilardello ◽  
Joshua M Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Applied Field ◽  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Magnetic Fabric ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
High Coercivity ◽  
Isothermal Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Principal Directions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Applied Fields

SUMMARY Anisotropy of isothermal remanent magnetization (AIRM) is useful for describing the fabrics of high-coercivity grains, or alternatively, the fabrics of all remanence-carrying grains in rocks with weak remanence. Comparisons between AIRM and other measures of magnetic fabric allow for description of mineral-specific or grain-size-dependent fabrics, and their relation to one another. Additionally, when the natural remanence of a rock is carried by high-coercivity minerals, it is essential to isolate the anisotropy of this grain fraction to correct paleodirectional and paleointensity data. AIRMs have been measured using a wide range of applied fields, from a few  mT to several T. It has been shown that the degree and shape of AIRM can vary with the strength of the applied field, for example, due to the contribution of separate grain subpopulations or due to field-dependent properties. To improve our understanding of these processes, we systematically investigate the variation of AIRM and the anisotropy of partial isothermal remanence (ApIRM) with applied field for a variety of rocks with different magnetic mineralogies. We also test the additivity of A(p)IRMs and provide a definition of their error limits. While A(p)IRM principal directions can be similar for a range of applied field strengths on the same specimen, the degree and shape of anisotropy often show systematic changes with the field over which the (p)IRM was applied. Also, the data uncertainty varies with field window; typically, larger windows lead to better-defined principal directions. Therefore, the choice of an appropriate field window is crucial for successful anisotropy corrections in paleomagnetic studies. Due to relatively large deviations between AIRMs calculated by tensor addition and directly measured AIRMs, we recommend that the desired A(p)IRM be measured directly for anisotropy corrections.

scholarly journals Magnetic stratigraphy of the Villafranchian type-section:(Villafranca d'Asti, Italy)

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boano ◽  
D. Bormioli ◽  
F. Carraro ◽  
R. Lanza
Keyword(s):  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Bedding Plane ◽  
Magnetic Fabric ◽  
Isothermal Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Type Section ◽  
Inclination Shallowing ◽  
Polarity Transition ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Normal Polarity ◽  
Nw Italy

A detailed magnetostratigraphic investigation has been carried out along the section of the Fornace RDB quarry (Villafranca d'Asti, NW Italy), which is the type-section of the Villafranchian and has provided many of the land mammal remains used by Azzaroli (1977) to define the Val Triversa faunal unit (zone MN16a). Poorly consolidated clay and clayey silt are the prevailing lithologies and samples were collected with plastic boxes. Isothermal remanent magnetization measurements showed that haematite is the main ferromagnetic mineral and occurs through the section, whereas iron sulphide is subordinate and only occurs in the lower part. Alternating field demagnetization usually succeeded in isolating a stable component and was used to derive the characteristic remanence by demagnetizing the specimens at 4 to 7 steps in the range 15 to 80 mT. The magnetic fabric was investigated by measuring the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility. It was always well defined and characterized by a horizontal foliation matching the bedding plane. The anisotropy of isothermal remanent magnetization was measured on some specimens and yielded fully comparable results. This consistency shows that detrital haematite carries the primary magnetization in these sediments and explains the 20° inclination shallowing of the site mean palaeomagnetic direction. Only one reverse to normal polarity transition has been detected and a direct correlation with the GPTS reference scale of Cande and Kent (1992, 1995) is thus not possible. The age of the Triversa fauna has been much debated in recent literature. Some authors have recently suggested that it is transitional between Ruscinian and Villafranchian, i.e. a little older than previously assumed. According to this hypothesis, the lower part of the RDB section would correlate to the chron C2Ar (upper Gilbert) and the upper part to the chron C2An.3n (lower Gauss), whereas according to the traditional interpretation correlation is to one of the polarity inversions within the middle Gauss (Kaena and Mammoth). An independent age constraint based on magnetostratigraphy will only be possible when other Ruscinian and Villafranchian sections are investigated in the same detail and a correlation between palaeosecular variation is established.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Music after the Fall

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Rutherford-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

By the start of the 21st century many of the foundations of postwar culture had disappeared: Europe had been rebuilt and, as the EU, had become one of the world’s largest economies; the United States’ claim to global dominance was threatened; and the postwar social democratic consensus was being replaced by market-led neoliberalism. Most importantly of all, the Cold War was over, and the World Wide Web had been born. Music After The Fall considers contemporary musical composition against this changed backdrop, placing it in the context of globalization, digitization, and new media. Drawing on theories from the other arts, in particular art and architecture, it expands the definition of Western art music to include forms of composition, experimental music, sound art, and crossover work from across the spectrum, inside and beyond the concert hall. Each chapter considers a wide range of composers, performers, works, and institutions are considered critically to build up a broad and rich picture of the new music ecosystem, from North American string quartets to Lebanese improvisers, from South American electroacoustic studios to pianos in the Australian outback. A new approach to the study of contemporary music is developed that relies less on taxonomies of style and technique, and more on the comparison of different responses to common themes, among them permission, fluidity, excess, and loss.

scholarly journals Size-adjusted aortic valve area: refining the definition of severe aortic stenosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Vulesevic ◽  
Naozumi Kubota ◽  
Ian G Burwash ◽  
Claire Cimadevilla ◽  
Sarah Tubiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Aortic Valve Area ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Derivation Cohort ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value ◽  
Valve Area

Abstract Aims Severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) is defined by an aortic valve area (AVA) <1 cm2 or an AVA indexed to body surface area (BSA) <0.6 cm/m2, despite little evidence supporting the latter approach and important intrinsic limitations of BSA indexation. We hypothesized that AVA indexed to height (H) might be more applicable to a wide range of populations and body morphologies and might provide a better predictive accuracy. Methods and results In 1298 patients with degenerative AS and preserved ejection fraction from three different countries and continents (derivation cohort), we aimed to establish an AVA/H threshold that would be equivalent to 1.0 cm2 for defining severe AS. In a distinct prospective validation cohort of 395 patients, we compared the predictive accuracy of AVA/BSA and AVA/H. Correlations between AVA and AVA/BSA or AVA/H were excellent (all R2 > 0.79) but greater with AVA/H. Regressions lines were markedly different in obese and non-obese patients with AVA/BSA (P < 0.0001) but almost identical with AVA/H (P = 0.16). AVA/BSA values that corresponded to an AVA of 1.0 cm2 were markedly different in obese and non-obese patients (0.48 and 0.59 cm2/m2) but not with AVA/H (0.61 cm2/m for both). Agreement for the diagnosis of severe AS (AVA < 1 cm2) was significantly higher with AVA/H than with AVA/BSA (P < 0.05). Similar results were observed across the three countries. An AVA/H cut-off value of 0.6 cm2/m [HR = 8.2(5.6–12.1)] provided the best predictive value for the occurrence of AS-related events [absolute AVA of 1 cm2: HR = 7.3(5.0–10.7); AVA/BSA of 0.6 cm2/m2 HR = 6.7(4.4–10.0)]. Conclusion In a large multinational/multiracial cohort, AVA/H was better correlated with AVA than AVA/BSA and a cut-off value of 0.6 cm2/m provided a better diagnostic and prognostic value than 0.6 cm2/m2. Our results suggest that severe AS should be defined as an AVA < 1 cm2 or an AVA/H < 0.6 cm2/m rather than a BSA-indexed value of 0.6 cm2/m2.

Cubical Agda: A dependently typed programming language with univalence and higher inductive types

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA VEZZOSI ◽  
ANDERS MÖRTBERG ◽  
ANDREAS ABEL
Keyword(s):  
Programming Language ◽  
Type Theory ◽  
Type Checking ◽  
Dependent Type Theory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
General Schema ◽  
Direct Definition ◽  
Inductive Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cubical Type Theory

Abstract Proof assistants based on dependent type theory provide expressive languages for both programming and proving within the same system. However, all of the major implementations lack powerful extensionality principles for reasoning about equality, such as function and propositional extensionality. These principles are typically added axiomatically which disrupts the constructive properties of these systems. Cubical type theory provides a solution by giving computational meaning to Homotopy Type Theory and Univalent Foundations, in particular to the univalence axiom and higher inductive types (HITs). This paper describes an extension of the dependently typed functional programming language Agda with cubical primitives, making it into a full-blown proof assistant with native support for univalence and a general schema of HITs. These new primitives allow the direct definition of function and propositional extensionality as well as quotient types, all with computational content. Additionally, thanks also to copatterns, bisimilarity is equivalent to equality for coinductive types. The adoption of cubical type theory extends Agda with support for a wide range of extensionality principles, without sacrificing type checking and constructivity.

scholarly journals Definitions and Prevalence of Multimorbidity in Large Database Studies: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
Ying Pin Chua ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Poay Sian Sabrina Lee ◽  
Eng Sing Lee
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Multimorbidity presents a key challenge to healthcare systems globally. However, heterogeneity in the definition of multimorbidity and design of epidemiological studies results in difficulty in comparing multimorbidity studies. This scoping review aimed to describe multimorbidity prevalence in studies using large datasets and report the differences in multimorbidity definition and study design. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases to identify large epidemiological studies on multimorbidity. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol for reporting the results. Results: Twenty articles were identified. We found two key definitions of multimorbidity: at least two (MM2+) or at least three (MM3+) chronic conditions. The prevalence of multimorbidity MM2+ ranged from 15.3% to 93.1%, and 11.8% to 89.7% in MM3+. The number of chronic conditions used by the articles ranged from 15 to 147, which were organized into 21 body system categories. There were seventeen cross-sectional studies and three retrospective cohort studies, and four diagnosis coding systems were used. Conclusions: We found a wide range in reported prevalence, definition, and conduct of multimorbidity studies. Obtaining consensus in these areas will facilitate better understanding of the magnitude and epidemiology of multimorbidity.

Interaction, engagement, and perceived interactivity in single-handed interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1134-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghee Shin ◽  
Myunggoon Choi ◽  
Jang Hyun Kim ◽  
Jae-gil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Interaction Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thumb Movement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mobile Industry ◽  
Perceived Interactivity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of interaction techniques (e.g. swiping and tapping) and the range of thumb movement on interactivity, engagement, attitude, and behavioral intention in single-handed interaction with smartphones. Design/methodology/approach A 2×2 between-participant experiment (technological features: swiping and tapping×range of thumb movement: wide and narrow) was conducted to study the effects of interaction techniques and thumb movement ranges. Findings The results showed that the range of thumb movement had significant effects on perceived interactivity, engagement, attitude, and behavioral intention, whereas no effects were observed for interaction techniques. A narrow range of thumb movement had more influence on the interactivity outcomes in comparison to a wide range of thumb movement. Practical implications While the subject of actual and perceived interactivity has been discussed, the issue has not been applied to smartphone. Based on the research results, the mobile industry may come up with a design strategy that balances feature- and perception-based interactivity. Originality/value This study adopted the perspective of the hybrid definition of interactivity, which includes both actual and perceived interactivity. Interactivity effect outcomes mediated by perceived interactivity.

scholarly journals Cycle and flow trusses in directed networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 160270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Takaguchi ◽  
Yuichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Truss Structures ◽  
Directed Network ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Directed Networks ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Information Finding ◽  
Empirical Networks ◽  
Module Structures

When we represent real-world systems as networks, the directions of links often convey valuable information. Finding module structures that respect link directions is one of the most important tasks for analysing directed networks. Although many notions of a directed module have been proposed, no consensus has been reached. This lack of consensus results partly because there might exist distinct types of modules in a single directed network, whereas most previous studies focused on an independent criterion for modules. To address this issue, we propose a generic notion of the so-called truss structures in directed networks. Our definition of truss is able to extract two distinct types of trusses, named the cycle truss and the flow truss, from a unified framework. By applying the method for finding trusses to empirical networks obtained from a wide range of research fields, we find that most real networks contain both cycle and flow trusses. In addition, the abundance of (and the overlap between) the two types of trusses may be useful to characterize module structures in a wide variety of empirical networks. Our findings shed light on the importance of simultaneously considering different types of modules in directed networks.

A New Type of Gas Turbine Based-Hybrid Propulsion System: Part 1—Concept Development, Definition of Mission Parameters and Preliminary Sizing

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Cioffarelli ◽  
Enrico Sciubba
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract A hybrid propulsion system of new conception for medium-size passenger cars is described and its preliminary design developed. The system consists of a turbogas set operating at fixed rpm, and a battery-operated electric motor that constitutes the actual “propulsor”. The battery pack is charged by the thermal engine which works in an electronically controlled on/off mode. Though the idea is not entirely new (there are some concept cars with similar characteristics), the present study has important new aspects, in that it bases the sizing of the thermal engine on the foreseen “worst case” vehicle mission (derived from available data on mileage and consumption derived from road tests and standard EEC driving mission cycles) that they can in fact be accomplished, and then proceeds to develop a control strategy that enables the vehicle to perform at its near–peak efficiency over a wide range of possible missions. To increase the driveability of the car, a variable-inlet vane system is provided for the gas turbine. After developing the mission concept, and showing via a thorough set of energy balances (integrated over various mission profiles), a preliminary sizing of the turbogas set is performed. The results of this first part of the development program show that the concept is indeed feasible, and that it has important advantages over both more traditional (Hybrid Vehicles powered by an Internal Combustion Engine) and novel (All-Electric Vehicle) propulsion systems.

Why Oral Medicine is an exemplary choice for specialty? A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibani Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Specialty Training ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Oral Manifestation ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this article was to describe a narrative review of the literature for understanding the reasons behind Oral Medicine gaining popularity as a choice for post graduate specialty training. Oral Medicine is the intersection of medicine and dentistry, and the clinicians are responsible for the management of oral mucosal disease, salivary gland dysfunction and oral manifestation of systemic disease, and facial pain in the definition of oral medicine and hence having a wide range of responsibilities. Breadth of knowledge on medically complex patients for example, rheumatologic, cardiovascular, cancer, endocrine, immuno-deficiency patients is required, which makes it an extremely interesting specialty and enables the clinicians to provide interdisciplinary care to the patients. It is important for dental education to foster new techniques in learning and preparing the students for clinical skills prior to patient care. The scope of impact of Oral Medicine has increased over the years, leading to it gaining popularity amongst dentists to take it up as a specialty training. The future direction of the study will be to understand how to enhance the research, clinical practice, and education for Oral Medicine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document