scholarly journals Stock collapses and their recovery: mechanisms that establish and maintain life-cycle closure in space and time

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1841-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Petitgas ◽  
Dave H. Secor ◽  
Ian McQuinn ◽  
Geir Huse ◽  
Nancy Lo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Petitgas, P., Secor, D. H., McQuinn, I., Huse, G., and Lo, N. 2010. Stock collapses and their recovery: mechanisms that establish and maintain life-cycle closure in space and time. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1841–1848. Experience has established that the recovery of many collapsed stocks takes much longer than predicted by traditional fishery population models. We put forward the hypothesis that stock collapse is associated with disruption of the biological mechanisms that sustain life-cycle closure of intrapopulation contingents. Based on a review of case studies of nine marine fish stocks, we argue that stock collapses not only involve biomass loss, but also the loss of structural elements related to life-cycle diversity (contingents), as well as the breakdown of socially transmitted traditions (through a curtailed age range). Behavioural mechanisms associated with these structural elements could facilitate recovery of depleted populations. Migratory behaviour is argued to relate to phenotypic plasticity and the persistence of migration routes to social interactions. The case studies represent collapsed or depleted populations that recovered after a relatively short period (striped bass, capelin), after more than a decade (herring and sardine), or not at all (anchovy, cod). Contrasting the population dynamics from these stocks leads us to make a distinction between a depleted and a collapsed population, where, in addition to biomass depletion, the latter includes damage to contingent structure or space-use pattern. We also propose a mechanism to explain how lost habitats are recolonized.

Eupsychian Management: Understanding the Paradigms to Empower Youth Labor Force

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Saha ◽  
Anubhav Pratap
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Business Trend ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
Business Excellence ◽  
Age Range

“India is a very young country”, most of its population lies in the age range between 18-30 years making India one of the youth dominant labor force in the world. With the new age of passion, commitment, creativity, technology and drive among youths, youth manpower is here to stay. In the midst of current trends of globalization and urbanization in India, it is up to the youth intellects to utilize their energy towards business excellence directly influencing the nation’s GDP and growth. Attention of Gen Y job seekers does not prioritize money as their sole job agenda, they also focus on growing as a professional: psychologically, behaviorally and intrinsically. Eupsychian management is a part of theorist Abraham Maslow’s vision to see a time when organizations are managed by self-actualizing people and their zest results in psychologically conducive environments where employees are intrinsically motivated and empowered to achieve organizational goals and make societal contributions. In the current business trend, more and more companies are focusing on employee oriented culture to achieve organizational goals. The present paper aims to elaborate the concept of Eupsychian management and its relevance in Indian business excellence. This concept will be elaborated in two parts: Part I sheds light on the theoretical base and implications. It includes the historical grounds of Maslow’s work on Eupsychian management, assumptions of Eupsychian management policies and its inference on employee psyche and work morale. Part II illuminates applications of Eupsychian management through case studies of Indian companies and its impact on organizational essentials like work ethics, employee engagement, work-life balance, quality of working life, work culture and employee satisfaction. These case studies have been selected on the basis of 2015 survey of employee-friendly organizations by the Economic Times, Business Today and India Times News.

Software-driven Security Attacks: From Vulnerability Sources to Durable Hardware Defenses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Lauren Biernacki ◽  
Mark Gallagher ◽  
Zhixing Xu ◽  
Misiker Tadesse Aga ◽  
Austin Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Hardware Realization ◽  
Over Time

There is an increasing body of work in the area of hardware defenses for software-driven security attacks. A significant challenge in developing these defenses is that the space of security vulnerabilities and exploits is large and not fully understood. This results in specific point defenses that aim to patch particular vulnerabilities. While these defenses are valuable, they are often blindsided by fresh attacks that exploit new vulnerabilities. This article aims to address this issue by suggesting ways to make future defenses more durable based on an organization of security vulnerabilities as they arise throughout the program life cycle. We classify these vulnerability sources through programming, compilation, and hardware realization, and we show how each source introduces unintended states and transitions into the implementation. Further, we show how security exploits gain control by moving the implementation to an unintended state using knowledge of these sources and how defenses work to prevent these transitions. This framework of analyzing vulnerability sources, exploits, and defenses provides insights into developing durable defenses that could defend against broader categories of exploits. We present illustrative case studies of four important attack genealogies—showing how they fit into the presented framework and how the sophistication of the exploits and defenses have evolved over time, providing us insights for the future.

scholarly journals A Semiotic Modern Synthesis: Conducting Quantitative Studies in Zoosemiotics and Interpreting Existing Ethological Studies through a Semiotic Framework

Biosemiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Modern Synthesis ◽  
Tripartite Model ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Darwinian Theory ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Numerous Test

AbstractIn this paper, I present an argument that quantitative behavioural analysis can be used in zoosemiotic studies to advance the field of biosemiotics. The premise is that signs and signals form patterns in space and time, which can be measured and analysed mathematically. Whole organism sign processing is an important component of the semiosphere, with individual organisms in their Umwelten deriving signs from, and contributing to, the semiosphere, and vice versa. Moreover, there is a wealth of data available in the traditional ethology literature which can be reinterpreted semiotically and drawn together to make a cohesive biosemiotic whole. For example, isolated signals, such as structural elements of birdsong, are attributed meaning by an interpreter, thus generating new ideas and hypotheses in both biology and semiotics. Furthermore, animal behaviour science has developed numerous test paradigms that with careful adaptation, could be suitable for use within a Peircean tripartite model, and thus give valuable insights into Umwelten of other species. In my conclusion, I suggest that by bringing together traditional ethology and biosemiotics, it is possible to use the Modern Synthesis to provide context to biosemiosis, thus pragmatic meaning to animal signals. On this basis, I propose updating the Modern Synthesis to a Semiotic Modern Synthesis, which focuses on whole-organism signals and their contexts, the latter being derived from neo-Darwinian theory and the ‘Umwelt’. Thus, there need be no dichotomy; the Modern Synthesis can successfully be integrated with biosemiotics.

A systematic review of life cycle assessment of hydrogen for road transport use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Ika Rinawati ◽  
Alexander Ryota Keeley ◽  
Shutaro Takeda ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Hybrid Lca ◽  
Complete Life Cycle

Abstract This study conducted a systematic literature review of the technical aspects and methodological choices in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of using hydrogen for road transport. More than 70 scientific papers published during 2000–2021 were reviewed, in which more than 350 case studies of use of hydrogen in the automotive sector were found. Only some studies used hybrid LCA and energetic input-output LCA, whereas most studies addressed attributional process-based LCA. A categorization based on the life cycle scope distinguished case studies that addressed the well-to-tank (WTT), well-to-wheel (WTW), and complete life cycle approaches. Furthermore, based on the hydrogen production process, these case studies were classified into four categories: thermochemical, electrochemical, thermal-electrochemical, and biochemical. Moreover, based on the hydrogen production site, the case studies were classified as centralized, on-site, and on-board. The fuel cell vehicle passenger car was the most commonly used vehicle. The functional unit for the WTT studies was mostly mass or energy, and vehicle distance for the WTW and complete life cycle studies. Global warming potential (GWP) and energy consumption were the most influential categories. Apart from the GREET (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation) model and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for assessing the GWP, the Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden method was most widely used in other impact categories. Most of the articles under review were comparative LCA studies on different hydrogen pathways and powertrains. The findings provide baseline data not only for large-scale applications, but also for improving the efficiency of hydrogen use in road transport.

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve the Energy Performance of Buildings: A Review of Their Life Cycle Impact

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia MIRABELLA ◽  
Martin RÖCK ◽  
Marcella Ruschi Mendes SAADE ◽  
Carolin SPIRINCKX ◽  
Marc BOSMANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Operational Energy

Globally, the building sector is responsible for more than 40% of energy use and it contributes approximately 30% of the global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This high contribution stimulates research and policies to reduce the operational energy use and related GHG emissions of buildings. However, the environmental impacts of buildings can extend wide beyond the operational phase, and the portion of impacts related to the embodied energy of the building becomes relatively more important in low energy buildings. Therefore, the goal of the research is gaining insights into the environmental impacts of various building strategies for energy efficiency requirements compared to the life cycle environmental impacts of the whole building. The goal is to detect and investigate existing trade-offs in current approaches and solutions proposed by the research community. A literature review is driven by six fundamental and specific research questions (RQs), and performed based on two main tasks: (i) selection of literature studies, and (ii) critical analysis of the selected studies in line with the RQs. A final sample of 59 papers and 178 case studies has been collected, and key criteria are systematically analysed in a matrix. The study reveals that the high heterogeneity of the case studies makes it difficult to compare these in a straightforward way, but it allows to provide an overview of current methodological challenges and research gaps. Furthermore, the most complete studies provide valuable insights in the environmental benefits of the identified energy performance strategies over the building life cycle, but also shows the risk of burden shifting if only operational energy use is focused on, or when a limited number of environmental impact categories are assessed.

scholarly journals Blockchain in Health Care Innovation: Literature Review and Case Study From a Business Ecosystem Perspective (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchih Ernest Chang ◽  
YiChian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Business Ecosystem ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Blockchain technology is leveraging its innovative potential in various sectors and its transformation of business-related processes has drawn much attention. Topics of research interest have focused on medical and health care applications, while research implications have generally concluded in system design, literature reviews, and case studies. However, a general overview and knowledge about the impact on the health care ecosystem is limited. OBJECTIVE This paper explores a potential paradigm shift and ecosystem evolution in health care utilizing blockchain technology. METHODS A literature review with a case study on a pioneering initiative was conducted. With a systematic life cycle analysis, this study sheds light on the evolutionary development of blockchain in health care scenarios and its interactive relationship among stakeholders. RESULTS Four stages—birth, expansion, leadership, and self-renewal or death—in the life cycle of the business ecosystem were explored to elucidate the evolving trajectories of blockchain-based health care implementation. Focused impacts on the traditional health care industry are highlighted within each stage to further support the potential health care paradigm shift in the future. CONCLUSIONS This paper enriches the existing body of literature in this field by illustrating the potential of blockchain in fulfilling stakeholders’ needs and elucidating the phenomenon of coevolution within the health care ecosystem. Blockchain not only catalyzes the interactions among players but also facilitates the formation of the ecosystem life cycle. The collaborative network linked by blockchain may play a critical role on value creation, transfer, and sharing among the health care community. Future efforts may focus on empirical or case studies to validate the proposed evolution of the health care ecosystem.

scholarly journals Surface and light

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Melanie Wilmink
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Installation Art ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Curatorial Practice ◽  
The Spectator

Utilising case studies from my curatorial practice, this paper discusses the balance between research and creation, and elaborates on exhibition projects that centre the spectator within an embodied experience of the moving image. While some of my curatorial practice includes installation art that literalises the space of the image, including Urbanity on Film (2009), and The Situated Cinema Project; in camera (2015), other programs have achieved this same effect within a single-channel screening format, including Radiant Bodies (2015) and Dirt City Rock Fantasy: The Short Films of Trevor Anderson (2016). By treating the moving image as an experience that incorporates the space and time of the viewer’s body, these curatorial projects explore the idea of artwork as a phenomenological tool, creating exciting environments while simultaneously advancing knowledge through the process of being with the artwork.

scholarly journals Evaluation Method of Mechanical Recycling and Case Studies Based on Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru FUJII ◽  
Seiji HASHIMOTO ◽  
Keisuke NANSAI ◽  
Shinsuke MURAKAMI ◽  
Rokuta INABA, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Life Cycle Inventory ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Life Cycle Inventory Analysis ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Recycling
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