Lifestyle risk factors for cancer: the relationship with psychosocial work environment

Objectives: To assess the relationship between modifiable lifestyle factors and risk of overweight/obesity in Chinese students, and to evaluate the predicting prevalence of overweight if the lifestyle risk factors were removed.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 40,141 students in grade three and above (8–24yrs) in 2019 in Zhejiang Province, China. Physical examination was performed, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect lifestyle information, including dietary behavior, physical activity, TV watching, sleeping, smoking, drinking, and tooth-brushing habits. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationship between overweight/obesity and a series of lifestyle factors. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to calculate the predicting prevalence of overweight/obesity if lifestyle risk factors were removed.Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity of participants was 25.5% (male 32.3%, female 18.1%). Overweight/obesity were associated with adverse lifestyle factors, such as watch TV ≥1 h/day (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.11–1.22), insufficient sleep (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.11–1.22), and irregular toothbrushing habits (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39). Based on the calculated PAFs, the predicted prevalence of overweight/obesity would decline moderately if lifestyle factors were modified, with the magnitudes of decrease vary by sex, age and residence. Generally, a larger reduction was estimated if the sleeping time was increased and TV time was reduced, with the prevalence of overweight/obesity decreased by 1.1% (95% CI: 0.7, 1.5%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6, 1.2%), respectively.Conclusions: Predicted prevalence of overweight/ obesity in Chinese students may decrease if modifiable lifestyle risk factors were removed. The attributable risk for obesity of lifestyle behaviors varied in age, sex and residence groups. The findings of this study may provide insights for planning and optimizing future obesity intervention endeavors.

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Diet and Cancer

Psycho-Oncology ◽

10.1093/med/9780190097653.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Marian L. Fitzgibbon ◽

Lisa Tussing-Humphreys ◽

Angela Kong ◽

Alexis Bains

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cancer Research ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Cancer Society ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Obesity And Cancer ◽

The Relationship

Diet contributes to the development of 30% to 35% of cancers. Shifts in the food landscape have contributed to changes in dietary intake, energy balance, and the development of obesity. Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m², is associated with several cancers. The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), the American Cancer Society (ACS), and several large U.S.-based randomized trials are studying the relationship between diet, dietary patterns, lifestyle risk factors, obesity, and cancer. Prior research reported an association between individual nutrients and cancer risk. This research, however, did not fully investigate the complexity of diet and interactions between specific dietary components. Overall, according to data reported by the WCRF and the AICR, primary prevention of many cancers is possible through modifiable lifestyle changes. Identifying and intervening on barriers to lifestyle modifications remains a challenge, but it is increasingly apparent that there is a relationship between diet, lifestyle risk factors, and cancer development and that many cancers can be prevented.

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O6C.4 The relationship between the demand-control model and incident cardiovascular disease in ontario canada. A linked analysis of 12,358 workers

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oem-2019-epi.152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A56.3-A57

Author(s):

Peter Smith

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Work Environment ◽

Control Model ◽

Psychosocial Work Environment ◽

Psychosocial Work ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Control ◽

Demand Control ◽

The Relationship

Dimensions of the demand-control psychosocial work environment model have previously been linked increased incidence of both diabetes and hypertension in Canada. However, few investigations in Canada have examined the relationship between the demand-control model and cardiovascular disease.We linked Ontario respondents to the 2000, 2002 and 2003 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey, to administrative health care and hospitalisation databases to identify incident cases of cardiovascular disease over a 15 years follow-up period. Our sample included employed labour market respondents, aged 35 and older, working 15 or more hours per week, with information on the psychosocial work environment, and who were free of heart disease at baseline (n=12,358). The demand-control model was defined based on median splits (active, passive, low strain and high strain), although models using the mid-population approach and the ratio of control to demands were also examined.Over the study period 507 incident cardiovascular events occurred. The incidence was higher among men (5.5%) compared to women (2.6%). No statistically significant differences were observed across the four different demand-control categories in the full sample. In stratified analysis, passive work environments (low control and low demands) and low-strain environments (high control and low demands) were associated with increased risk of heart disease (HR=1.94, 95% CI 0.99–3.81; HR=2.06, 95% CI 1.01–4.17), compared to active work (high demands and high control) among women. No similar relationship was observed among men.Among a representative sample of Ontario workers, high strain work environments were not associated with increased risk of heart disease. Passive and low strain environments (both characterised by low psychological demands) were associated with increased risk of heart disease among women, but not men. Implications of these findings for assessment of the psychosocial work environment in Canada will be discussed.

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Job satisfaction and the psychosocial work environment: Does the relationship vary by hospital patient care workers’ age?

Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health ◽

10.1080/15555240.2018.1526090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3-4) ◽

pp. 221-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie Miller ◽

Karen Hopcia ◽

Gregory R. Wagner ◽

Leslie I. Boden ◽

Dean Hashimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Patient Care ◽

Work Environment ◽

Psychosocial Work Environment ◽

Hospital Patient ◽

Psychosocial Work ◽

Care Workers ◽

The Relationship

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Ankle Sprains Risk Factors in a Sample of French Firefighters: A Preliminary Prospective Study

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2018-0284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 608-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jérôme Vaulerin ◽

Frédéric Chorin ◽

Mélanie Emile ◽

Fabienne d’Arripe-Longueville ◽

Serge S. Colson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Work Environment ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Psychosocial Work Environment ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Psychosocial Work ◽

Balance Test ◽

Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool

Context: Firefighters participating in mandatory physical exercise sessions are exposed to a high risk of ankle sprain injury. Although both physiological and psychological risk factors have been identified, few prospective studies considered the complex interaction of these factors in firefighters. Objective: To prospectively determine whether intrinsic physical risk factors and work-related environments predict ankle sprains occurring during on-duty physical exercise in firefighters during an 8-month follow-up period. Design: Prospective. Setting: Fire Department and Rescue Service. Participants: Thirty-nine firefighters were selected based on convenience sampling. Intervention: Participants performed physical tests and completed questionnaires. Main Outcome Measures: Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, Weight-Bearing Lunge Test, anthropometric measures, postural stability, chronic ankle instability (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool) scores, previous injuries, and perceived psychosocial work environment (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire [COPSOQ]). Results: During the follow-up, 9 firefighters sustained an injury. Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test and Weight-Bearing Lunge Test performances, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool scores, history of previous ankle sprain, and specific dimensions of the COPSOQ significantly differed between injured and uninjured firefighters. Lower-limbs asymmetries of the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (ie, anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions) and the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test were predictors of ankle sprains. Conclusions: These findings originally provide evidence that intrinsic factors mainly contribute to ankle sprains, although psychosocial work environment assessment could also characterize firefighters at risk.

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Age and sex differences in the relationship between inherited and lifestyle risk factors and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: the Tromsø study

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00486-x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 154 (2) ◽

pp. 437-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Eva Stensland-Bugge ◽

Kaare H. Bønaa ◽

Oddmund Joakimsen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

The Relationship ◽

Age And Sex

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Psychosocial work environmental factors and workplace health, a systematic literature review

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

P Lytsy ◽

E Friberg

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Sick Leave ◽

Work Environment ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Psychosocial Work Environment ◽

Psychosocial Work ◽

Environment Factors ◽

Health Related ◽

Work Environment Factors

Abstract The psychosocial work environment is of importance for the health of individuals and organizations. The aim was to map the existing knowledge, as presented in relevant and well performed systematic reviews, that have investigated associations between psychosocial work environment factors and relevant health related outcomes. Systematic reviews of existing knowledge were sought without time restriction in three electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cinahl. A total of 42 systematic reviews of moderate or good quality studying psychosocial work factors' associations to individuals' health or the wellbeing of the organization were included. The main psychosocial work environment factors which were investigated were different models of strain due to stress, conflict and mobbing. About half of the included systematic reviews investigated associations between psychosocial work environment factors and mental health and about half of the systematic reviews investigated associations to somatic disorders, mainly cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders and pain. Most of the included systematic reviews based their results on workers/employees in general, whereas five systematic reviews focused on workers within health care and veterinary organizations, and a few focused on other work areas such as industrial workers, police and correctional workers, and people working with occupational groups affected by disasters. The vast majority of the included systematic reviews investigated psychosocial work environment factors as being risk factors for the development of illness, disease or consequences of disease, such as sick leave. A substantial amount of well performed systematic reviews add to the evidence that psychosocial work environmental factors can be viewed as risk factors for the development of illness, disease and consequences of diseases such as sick leave. Key messages A systematic mapping review of the existing knowledge about associations between psychosocial work environment factors and health related outcomes. The psychosocial work environment is of importance for the health of individuals as well as for the levels of sickness absence in organizations.

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The Relationship of Lifestyle Risk Factors and Depression in Korean Adults: A Moderating Effect of Overall Nutritional Adequacy

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2626

Author(s):

Minjeong Kang ◽

Mingyu Joo ◽

Haeryun Hong ◽

Hyunsik Kang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Nutritional Adequacy ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Korean Adults ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Mean Adequacy Ratio ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background: Little is known regarding the role of nutrition in determining the associations between lifestyle risk factors and depression. Objectives: This study examined whether or not nutritional adequacy modulates the relationship between depression and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults aged 18-65 years (n = 7446). Methods: Data were obtained from the 2016 and 2018 Korea National Health and Examination Survey. Depression, smoking, at-risk alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, sleep deprivation, and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were assessed. Results: Individuals with two (OR = 1.960, p < 0.001), three (OR = 4.237, p < 0.001), or four (OR = 5.312, p < 0.001) risk factors had a significantly higher risk of depression compared to individuals with one or zero risk factor. In contrast, individuals with moderate MAR (OR = 0.607, p < 0.001) and high (OR = 0.698, p < 0.001) MAR had a lower depression risk compared to individuals with low MAR. Moderation analysis showed a moderating effect of MAR (coefficient = −0.220, p = 0.007) on the relationship between risk factors and depression. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that overall nutritional adequacy plays a modulating role in determining the relationship between depression and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults.

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Skeletal Muscle Health and Cognitive Function: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Sophia X. Sui ◽

Lana J. Williams ◽

Kara L. Holloway-Kew ◽

Natalie K. Hyde ◽

Julie A. Pasco

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Muscle Health ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

And Function ◽

The Relationship

Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age. It involves both complex genetic and modifiable risk factors, such as lack of exercise, malnutrition and reduced neurological drive. Cognitive decline refers to diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual functioning. Contracting skeletal muscle is a major source of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which regulate synapses in the brain. Furthermore, skeletal muscle activity has important immune and redox effects that modify brain function and reduce muscle catabolism. The identification of common risk factors and underlying mechanisms for sarcopenia and cognition may allow the development of targeted interventions that slow or reverse sarcopenia and also certain forms of cognitive decline. However, the links between cognition and skeletal muscle have not been elucidated fully. This review provides a critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between skeletal muscle health and cognition. The literature suggests that sarcopenia and cognitive decline share pathophysiological pathways. Ageing plays a role in both skeletal muscle deterioration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, lifestyle risk factors, such as physical inactivity, poor diet and smoking, are common to both disorders, so their potential role in the muscle–brain relationship warrants investigation.

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