scholarly journals 904Physical fitness across the life-course and the metabolic syndrome in mid-adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooklyn Fraser ◽  
Leigh Blizzard ◽  
Marie-Jeanne Buscot ◽  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Terence Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background Low physical fitness, including muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is unknown how physical fitness at different life stages contributes to the development of MetS. Methods Included were 783 Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study participants who between 1985 and 2019 had measures of physical fitness (muscular strength: dominant grip strength; CRF: 1.6km run or physical work capacity at 170 beats per minute) at three life stages (childhood=7–15 years, young-adulthood=26–36 years, mid-adulthood=36–49 years) and had their MetS status assessed using the harmonised definition in mid-adulthood. The Bayesian relevant life-course exposure model, a novel statistical analytic technique, quantified associations between physical fitness at each life stage with MetS and estimated the maximum accumulated effect of physical fitness across the life-course. Results The contribution of muscular strength at each life stage with MetS in mid-adulthood was equal (childhood=36%, young-adulthood=31%, mid-adulthood=33%), whereas for CRF the greatest contribution was from childhood and mid-adulthood (childhood=41%, young-adulthood=20%, mid-adulthood=39%). A one standard deviation increase in cumulative physical fitness across the life-course was associated with 36–55% reduced odds of MetS (muscular strength: OR = 0.64, 95%Credible Interval=0.40,0.95; CRF: OR = 0.45, 95%Credible Interval=0.30,0.64). Conclusions As physical fitness at each life stage was associated with MetS in mid-adulthood, strategies aimed at increasing both childhood and adult physical fitness levels could improve future health. Key messages Increased participation in both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, beginning in childhood and extending into adulthood, could be encouraged to help prevent MetS.

Inclusive growth and social investments over the life course

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kvist
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Life Course

Globally, policymakers are promoted social investments as a reform strategy to increase individuals’ capacities and national economic growth. This chapter establishes a framework consisting of generational, life-course perspectives on social investments and inclusive growth. The generational perspective brings out that social investments involve horizontal redistribution, underpin the productive and reproductive social contract between generations, and the increased diversity within generations. The life-course perspective demonstrates how social issues and social investments in one life stage depend on the situation in prior life stages and affect the situation in later life stages and, possibly, in multiple dimensions.

Snus use during the life-course and risk of the metabolic syndrome and its components

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Lisa Byhamre ◽  
Per E Gustafsson ◽  
Jan-Håkan Jansson ◽  
Maria Wennberg ◽  
Anne Hammarström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Crude Analysis

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between life-course exposure to snus and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in adulthood. Design and method: Tobacco habits at baseline (age 16) and three follow-ups (ages 21, 30 and 43) were assessed among 880 participants in a population-based cohort in Northern Sweden. Presence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 was ascertained using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Odds ratios and CIs for risk of the metabolic syndrome and its components by snus use at 16, 21, 30 and 43 years were calculated using logistic regression. Cumulative snus use was defined as number of life periods (1–4) with current snus use. Results: At age 43, 164 participants (18.6%) were current snus users. We found no association between exclusive snus use at the ages of 16, 21, 30 and 43 years and the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years. Snus use (among non-smokers) was associated with raised triglycerides and high blood pressure in crude analysis, but not in multivariable models. There was no association between cumulative snus use and risk of the metabolic syndrome. Cumulative snus use was associated with central obesity, raised triglycerides and impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus type 2 in crude analyses, but not after adjustments. Conclusions: The health consequences of snus exposure from adolescence to mid-adulthood do not seem to include increased risk of the metabolic syndrome or its components. The cardio-metabolic risk of dual exposure to snus and cigarettes may warrant further attention.

Achieving Recovery Through Resilience: Insights From Adults in Midlife Living With Anorexia Nervosa

2020 ◽  
pp. 104973232097820
Author(s):  
Leslie A. McCallum ◽  
Ramona Alaggia
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Life Course Theory ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
The Life Course

Despite the high percentage of adults living with anorexia nervosa (AN) over the life course, there is limited understanding of what it means to be living with AN in midlife when the majority of research has focused on adolescents and young adults. As such, clinical practice for individuals in midlife is informed by a severe and enduring AN (SE-AN) framework, which assumes that recovery is not necessarily feasible past young adulthood. This study used constructivist grounded theory methodology to understand the experiences of adults in midlife living with AN. In-depth analyses of 19 participant narratives in midlife show that individuals face barriers to seeking help or remaining in recovery; however, midlife can also act as a significant catalyst toward recovery. Subsequently, there is merit in revisiting the utility of the SE-AN framework in the context of life course theory and exploring resilience-informed approaches in supporting recovery from AN.

scholarly journals The Psychological Consequences of Disability over the Life Course: Assessing the Mediating Role of Perceived Interpersonal Discrimination

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207
Author(s):  
Eun Ha Namkung ◽  
Deborah Carr
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Interpersonal Discrimination ◽  
The Life Course

We examine whether perceived interpersonal discrimination mediates the association between disability and psychological well-being (depression, negative and positive affect) and how these processes differ across the life course. Data are from two waves (2004–2006; 2013–2014) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS; N = 2,503). Perceived discrimination accounts for 5% to 8% of the association between disability and the three mental health outcomes. Moderated mediation analyses reveal significant age differences; perceived discrimination is a stronger explanatory mechanism among midlife (ages 40–64) relative to older (age 65+) adults. Disability stigma takes a heightened psychological toll at midlife, a life stage when adults are expected to be able-bodied and interact with a diverse social network, which may be a source of interpersonal mistreatment. Among older adults, for whom impairment is expected and common, the psychological impact of disability may operate through other pathways. We discuss implications for research and practice.

Physical Fitness and the Metabolic Syndrome in Adults From the Quebec Family Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normand G. Boulé ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
Angelo Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Physically fit individuals have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, it is unknown whether the associations between physical fitness and the metabolic syndrome are independent of total and abdominal adiposity. Physical fitness was defined as the physical work capacity on a cycle ergometer at heart rate of 150 bpm (PWC 150) in a sample of 158 men and 198 women 20-60 years of age. PWC 150 was adjusted for fat-free mass prior to the analyses. Percent body fat was estimated by hydrostatic weighing. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat were measured by computed tomography. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was based on two definitions. The metabolic syndrome decreased with increasing fitness in men (approx. 6 times higher in less fit vs. most fit fertile, p <  0.05) and in women (approx. 4 times higher in less fit vs. most fit tertile, p <  0.05). Fitness was negatively associated with most individual components of the metabolic syndrome, except HDL-cholesterol for which the correlation was positive. However, in men and in women, the effects of physical fitness on the individual components of the metabolic syndrome were attenuated after considering total and abdominal adiposity. Key words: aerobic capacity, adiposity, abdominal fat, insulin resistance syndrome

scholarly journals Correction: Faught et al. “Socioeconomic Disadvantage across the Life Course is associated with Diet Quality in Young Adulthood” Nutrients, 2019, 11(2), 242

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1807
Author(s):  
Erin L. Faught ◽  
Lindsay McLaren ◽  
Sharon I. Kirkpatrick ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Leia M. Minaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
The Life Course

The authors wish to make a correction to the published version of their paper [...]

scholarly journals The networked question in the digital era: How do networked, bounded, and limited individuals connect at different stages in the life course?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Wellman ◽  
Anabel Quan-Haase ◽  
Molly-Gloria Harper
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Networked Individualism

AbstractWe used in-depth interviews with 101 participants in the East York section of Toronto, Canada to understand how digital media affects social connectivity in general—and networked individualism in particular—for people at different stages of the life course. Although people of all ages intertwined their use of digital media with their face-to-face interactions, younger adults used more types of digital media and have more diversified personal networks. People in different age-groups conserved media, tending to stick with the digital media they learned to use in earlier life stages. Approximately one-third of the participants were Networked Individuals: In each age-group, they were the most actively using digital media to maintain ties and to develop new ones. Another one-third were Socially Bounded, who often actively used digital media but kept their connectivity within a smaller set of social groups. The remaining one-third, who were Socially Limited, were the least likely to use digital media. Younger adults were the most likely to be Networked Individuals, leading us to wonder if the percentage of the population who are Bounded or Limited will decline over time.

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