scholarly journals 1196Trajectories of disability throughout adolescence and labour force status as a young adult

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Shields ◽  
Tania King ◽  
Stefanie Dimov ◽  
Anne Kavanagh ◽  
Matthew Spittal
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Status Information ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Young people with disabilities have poorer labour force outcomes than their peers without disabilities. Existing studies typically assess disability at one time point, obscuring potential variation in the experience of disability over time. This study aimed to identify trajectories of disability during childhood/adolescence and assess associations between trajectory membership and labour force status in young adulthood. Methods Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to disability status information from Waves 2-7 (age 4/5 to 16/17 years) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children; labour force participation (employed, unemployed, not in the labour force (NILF)) was measured at Wave 8 (18/19 years). Two logistic regression models assessed the relationship between trajectory group membership and labour force participation, adjusted for confounders. Results Four trajectory groups were identified: low (75.5% of cohort), low increasing (9.7%), high decreasing (10.9%), and consistently high (3.9%) prevalence of disability. Compared to individuals in the low trajectory (reference group), individuals in the consistently high trajectory had increased odds of being NILF at age 18/19 years (AOR 3.48, 95%CI 2.14, 5.68). Individuals in the low increasing trajectory had increased odds of unemployment at age 18/19 years compared to the reference group (AOR 2.93, 95%CI 1.91-4.48). Conclusions Results suggest that early experiences of disability among young Australians may differentially impact future labour force outcomes. Key messages Additional supports to prepare young people for the labour force should focus on individuals with consistently high or increasing prevalence of disability trajectories.

Does disability modify the relationship between labour force status and psychological distress among young people?

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107149
Author(s):  
Marissa Shields ◽  
Stefanie Dimov ◽  
Tania L King ◽  
Allison Milner ◽  
Anne Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Effect Measure Modification ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo examine the association between labour force status, including young people who were unemployed and having problems looking for work, and psychological distress one year later. We then assessed whether this association is modified by disability status.MethodsWe used three waves of cohort data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. We fitted logistic regression models to account for confounders of the relationship between labour force status (employed, not in the labour force, unemployed and having problems looking for work) at age 21 years and psychological distress at age 22 years. We then estimated whether this association was modified by disability status at age 21 years.ResultsBeing unemployed and having problems looking for work at age 21 years was associated with odds of psychological distress that were 2.48 (95% CI 1.95 to 3.14) times higher than employment. There was little evidence for additive effect measure modification of this association by disability status (2.52, 95% CI −1.21 to 6.25).ConclusionsYoung people who were unemployed and having problems looking for work had increased odds of poor mental health. Interventions should focus on addressing the difficulties young people report when looking for work, with a particular focus on supporting those young people facing additional barriers to employment such as young people with disabilities.

scholarly journals Becoming a wage earned or a self-employed: Does Young Educational Level determine the Choice of the Working Labour Force Status in Cameroon?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOUL NGWE MANGUELLE Maximilien
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Wage Earning

Abstract If employment is recognized as a key driver for growth, development and well-being improvement, human capital is probably a main determinant of the labour force participation. By often analyzing this relationship in wage earning jobs, studies used to leave self-employment untreated despite the fact that its proportion is growing significantly in several countries. This leads us to the following question: does the accumulating human capital determine access to all forms of employment? Focusing on young people, this article analyzes effects of the educational level used as a proxy of the accumulating human capital on the choice of the working labour force status in Cameroon. Using discrete-choice models on data drew from the second Employment and Informal Sector Survey carried out by the National Institute of Statistics, empirical findings reveal that educated young people are more likely to make a decision to work as wage earned and the corresponding probability rises with the increasing of their educational levels. However, the willingness to become self-employed decline with the rising of the educational level. Therefore, compared to the decision to work as a wage earned, becoming a self-employed does not appear as a human capital outcome. This paradoxical result for a low wage economy suggests a reform of educational and training systems starting at least from high school with emphasizes in sectors with a high potential of self-employment development and a setting-up of an apprenticeship plan.

The third birth in Great Britain

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wright ◽  
John F. Ermisch ◽  
P. R. Andrew Hinde ◽  
Heather E. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between female labour force participation, and other socioeconomic factors, and the probability of having a third birth is examined, using British data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, by hazard regression modelling with time-varying covariates. The results demonstrate the strong association between demographic factors, e.g. age at first birth and birth interval and subsequent fertility behaviour. Education appears to have little effect. Surprisingly, women who have spent a higher proportion of time as housewives have a lower risk of having a third birth. This finding is in sharp disagreement with the conventional expectation that cumulative labour force participation supports lower fertility. These findings are briefly compared with similar research carried out in Sweden.

Youth in the New Economy: The Post-Fordist Self

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
David Farrugia
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
New Economy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter theorises youth within the dynamics of labour, value and selfhood characteristic of post-Fordism. This is youth in the ‘new economy’ in which precarious employment co-exists with a ‘post-Fordist work ethic’ that positions work as a realm of self-realisation for contemporary workers. The call for self-realisation through labour has also changed young people’s relationship to the labour force. It is no longer enough to work – one must become a worker, and youth is the time at which young people are under most pressure to respond to this social injunction. For the purposes of this book, this means that the relationship between youth and work must be approached in terms of the cultivation of the self as a subject of value to the labour force, rather than merely in terms of the accumulation of resources, skills and qualifications.

Age, labour market conditions and male suicide rates in selected countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between suicide rates among men since 1975 and rates of unemployment and labour force participation in 20 countries. Previous research has found statistically significant correlations between suicide and unemployment rates over time among young people in a number of countries. This study has extended this research to include different age groups of men. The findings for younger workers largely confirm the findings of previous studies. Among older workers, however, unemployment and suicide rates are largely unrelated, notable exceptions including Japan and the USA. The implications of this finding for policy making towards older workers are discussed.

scholarly journals The Association Between Habitual Sleep Duration and Hypertension Control in the United States (US) Adults With Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everlyne G. Ogugu ◽  
Sheryl L. Catz ◽  
Janice F. Bell ◽  
Christiana Drake ◽  
Julie T. Bidwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Although sleep duration has been identified as a significant factor in risk for hypertension, there is limited data on the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension control. This study examined the association between habitual sleep duration and hypertension control in United States of America (USA) adults with hypertension. A total of 5,163 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015 – 2018) were analyzed. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were fit to examine the association between habitual sleep duration (coded as <6, 6 - <7, 7 – 9 (reference), and >9 hours) and hypertension control (BP <130/80mmHg versus ≥130/80mmHg), adjusted for sociodemographic, sleep and health characteristics. In the fully adjusted model, habitual sleep duration of <6 hours/main sleep period was associated with reduced odds of hypertension control (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46 – 0.95, P = 0.027) when compared to 7 – 9 hours. No significant differences were noted in hypertension control between the reference group (7 - 9 hours) and the 6 - <7 or >9 hours groups. These findings suggest that measures to support adequate habitual sleep duration may help improve hypertension control in adults who habitually sleep for <6 hours/day.

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