Does disability modify the relationship between labour force status and psychological distress among young people?

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107149
Author(s):  
Marissa Shields ◽  
Stefanie Dimov ◽  
Tania L King ◽  
Allison Milner ◽  
Anne Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Effect Measure Modification ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo examine the association between labour force status, including young people who were unemployed and having problems looking for work, and psychological distress one year later. We then assessed whether this association is modified by disability status.MethodsWe used three waves of cohort data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. We fitted logistic regression models to account for confounders of the relationship between labour force status (employed, not in the labour force, unemployed and having problems looking for work) at age 21 years and psychological distress at age 22 years. We then estimated whether this association was modified by disability status at age 21 years.ResultsBeing unemployed and having problems looking for work at age 21 years was associated with odds of psychological distress that were 2.48 (95% CI 1.95 to 3.14) times higher than employment. There was little evidence for additive effect measure modification of this association by disability status (2.52, 95% CI −1.21 to 6.25).ConclusionsYoung people who were unemployed and having problems looking for work had increased odds of poor mental health. Interventions should focus on addressing the difficulties young people report when looking for work, with a particular focus on supporting those young people facing additional barriers to employment such as young people with disabilities.

scholarly journals 1196Trajectories of disability throughout adolescence and labour force status as a young adult

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Shields ◽  
Tania King ◽  
Stefanie Dimov ◽  
Anne Kavanagh ◽  
Matthew Spittal
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Status Information ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Young people with disabilities have poorer labour force outcomes than their peers without disabilities. Existing studies typically assess disability at one time point, obscuring potential variation in the experience of disability over time. This study aimed to identify trajectories of disability during childhood/adolescence and assess associations between trajectory membership and labour force status in young adulthood. Methods Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to disability status information from Waves 2-7 (age 4/5 to 16/17 years) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children; labour force participation (employed, unemployed, not in the labour force (NILF)) was measured at Wave 8 (18/19 years). Two logistic regression models assessed the relationship between trajectory group membership and labour force participation, adjusted for confounders. Results Four trajectory groups were identified: low (75.5% of cohort), low increasing (9.7%), high decreasing (10.9%), and consistently high (3.9%) prevalence of disability. Compared to individuals in the low trajectory (reference group), individuals in the consistently high trajectory had increased odds of being NILF at age 18/19 years (AOR 3.48, 95%CI 2.14, 5.68). Individuals in the low increasing trajectory had increased odds of unemployment at age 18/19 years compared to the reference group (AOR 2.93, 95%CI 1.91-4.48). Conclusions Results suggest that early experiences of disability among young Australians may differentially impact future labour force outcomes. Key messages Additional supports to prepare young people for the labour force should focus on individuals with consistently high or increasing prevalence of disability trajectories.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress, Family Support and Employment Status in First-Year University Students in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Arias-de la Torre ◽  
Tania Fernández-Villa ◽  
Antonio Molina ◽  
Carmen Amezcua-Prieto ◽  
Ramona Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
University Students ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The University ◽  
First Year University ◽  
The Relationship

Mental disorders are consistently and closely related to psychological distress. At the start of the university period, the relationship between a student’s psychological distress, family support, and employment status is not well-known. The aims of this study were: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress in first-year university students and to analyze its relationship with family support and the student’s employment status. Data from 4166 first-year university students from nine universities across Spain were considered. The prevalence of psychological distress was obtained using the GHQ-12, a valid and reliable screening tool to detect poor mental health. To analyze the relationship between psychological distress, family support, and employment status, logistic regression models were fitted. Regarding the prevalence found, 46.9% of men and 54.2% of women had psychological distress. In both genders, psychological distress levels increased as family support decreased. Among women, psychological distress was associated with their employment status. The prevalence of psychological distress among first-year university students in Spain is high. In addition, family support, and employment status for women, could be factors to take into account when developing psychological distress prevention strategies at the beginning of the university period.

Youth in the New Economy: The Post-Fordist Self

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
David Farrugia
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
New Economy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter theorises youth within the dynamics of labour, value and selfhood characteristic of post-Fordism. This is youth in the ‘new economy’ in which precarious employment co-exists with a ‘post-Fordist work ethic’ that positions work as a realm of self-realisation for contemporary workers. The call for self-realisation through labour has also changed young people’s relationship to the labour force. It is no longer enough to work – one must become a worker, and youth is the time at which young people are under most pressure to respond to this social injunction. For the purposes of this book, this means that the relationship between youth and work must be approached in terms of the cultivation of the self as a subject of value to the labour force, rather than merely in terms of the accumulation of resources, skills and qualifications.

Conclusion: Young People in the Work Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
David Farrugia
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Youth Work ◽  
Youth Identity ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
A Site ◽  
Work Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter summarises the empirical findings of the book and explores the theoretical consequences for studies of youth, work and social inequality. The key argument is that the relationship between youth and work has been transformed by post-Fordism, and that young people have been re-positioned as the ideal post-Fordist subjects through their engagement with the contemporary labour force. In this sense, work has become a site for the production of youth as such – not merely an employment market that young people must ‘transition’ into, but a set of biopolitical practices that constitute the basic conditions for youth identity. In the process, young people’s definitions of themselves have become intertwined with their capacity to produce value at work. Class does not manifest merely in the biographical inequalities that structure youth transitions, or in struggles for status and symbolic value. Instead, class inequalities are manifested in the practices, ethics and forms of selfhood that are mobilised when young people cultivate themselves as subjects of value to the labour force. The book therefore offers a paradigm for understanding the formation of young people as workers, and the production of unique forms of classed identity manifested in the post-Fordist work ethic.

scholarly journals Becoming a wage earned or a self-employed: Does Young Educational Level determine the Choice of the Working Labour Force Status in Cameroon?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOUL NGWE MANGUELLE Maximilien
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Force Status ◽  
Wage Earning

Abstract If employment is recognized as a key driver for growth, development and well-being improvement, human capital is probably a main determinant of the labour force participation. By often analyzing this relationship in wage earning jobs, studies used to leave self-employment untreated despite the fact that its proportion is growing significantly in several countries. This leads us to the following question: does the accumulating human capital determine access to all forms of employment? Focusing on young people, this article analyzes effects of the educational level used as a proxy of the accumulating human capital on the choice of the working labour force status in Cameroon. Using discrete-choice models on data drew from the second Employment and Informal Sector Survey carried out by the National Institute of Statistics, empirical findings reveal that educated young people are more likely to make a decision to work as wage earned and the corresponding probability rises with the increasing of their educational levels. However, the willingness to become self-employed decline with the rising of the educational level. Therefore, compared to the decision to work as a wage earned, becoming a self-employed does not appear as a human capital outcome. This paradoxical result for a low wage economy suggests a reform of educational and training systems starting at least from high school with emphasizes in sectors with a high potential of self-employment development and a setting-up of an apprenticeship plan.

scholarly journals Exploring Occupational Mobility

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Spier
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
One Year ◽  
Skill Shortages

This paper describes the results from an exploratory study examining whether Household Labour Force Survey panel data could be used to provide some insights into the level of occupational mobility in New Zealand. Identifying the extent to which people are leaving the occupation for which they have trained can improve our understanding of the contribution of occupational mobility to skill shortages. Overall, it was found that 7% of individuals in the sample appeared to change occupation over the course of a one year period. The groups that were found to be most likely to change occupations were young people and unskilled workers.

scholarly journals The formation of young workers: The cultivation of the self as a subject of value to the contemporary labour force

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Farrugia
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The Self ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This article explores the practices through which young people cultivate themselves as subjects of value to the post-Fordist labour force. In this, the article goes beyond an existing emphasis on young people’s ‘transitions’ through employment, to a focus on the practices through which young people are formed as labouring subjects, and therefore on the relationship between youth subjectivities and post-Fordist labour force formation. Theoretically, the article builds upon increasingly influential suggestions in studies of post-Fordism that the formation of post-Fordist workers now takes place through the conversion of the whole of a subject’s life into the capacity for labour, including affective styles, modes of relationality, and characteristics usually not considered as productive dimensions of the self. In this context, the article shows that whilst young people form themselves as workers through practices that are not specific to institutionalised definitions of education and labour, these practices – and the modes of selfhood they aim to cultivate – vary in ways that contribute to classed divisions within post-Fordist societies. In this, the study of the formation of young workers offers a critical insight into the way that the formation of subjectivities intertwines with the disciplinary requirements of post-Fordist labour in their classed manifestations.

scholarly journals Discrimination and Psychological Distress Among Recently Released Male Prisoners

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Turney ◽  
Hedwig Lee ◽  
Megan Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Though theoretical perspectives suggest experiences of stigma and discrimination after release may be one pathway through which incarceration leads to poor mental health, little research considers the relationship between discrimination and mental health among former inmates. In this article, data from a sample of men recently released from prison to Oakland or San Francisco, California ( N = 172), are used to consider how criminal record discrimination and racial/ethnic discrimination are independently and cumulatively associated with psychological distress. Results indicate that (a) the frequency of criminal record discrimination and racial/ethnic discrimination are similar; (b) both forms of discrimination are independently, negatively associated with psychological distress; and (c) the level of racial/ethnic discrimination does not alter the association between criminal record discrimination and psychological distress. The results highlight that criminal record discrimination is an important social stressor with negative implications for the mental health of previously incarcerated individuals.

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